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Hindawi Publishing Corporation Neural Plasticity Volume 2008, Article ID 658323, pages
Hindawi Publishing Corporation Neural Plasticity Volume 2008, Article ID 658323, pages

... The entorhinal cortex plays an important role in spatial memory and episodic memory functions. These functions may result from cellular mechanisms for integration of the afferent input to entorhinal cortex. This article reviews physiological data on persistent spiking and membrane potential oscillati ...
Neural Networks – State of Art, Brief History, Basic Models and
Neural Networks – State of Art, Brief History, Basic Models and

“Congruent” and “Opposite” Neurons: Sisters for Multisensory
“Congruent” and “Opposite” Neurons: Sisters for Multisensory

... Because heading direction is a circular variable whose values are in range (−π, π], we adopt the von Mises distribution [14] (Supplementary Information Sec. 1). Compared with the Gaussian distribution, the von Mises distribution is more suitable and also more accurate to describe the probabilistic i ...
Neurons - Images
Neurons - Images

... the impulse (all-or-nothing response). The result is that all impulses carried on a particular axon is of the same strength. Greater intensity of stimulation triggers more impulses per second, not stronger impulses. ...
Abstracts - BCCN 2009
Abstracts - BCCN 2009

... The Hodgkin and Huxley model of a neuron, when driven with constant input, spikes periodically, such that the dynamics trace out a stable, closed orbit in the system's state space, which is composed of the voltage and the gating variables. If the input is not constant, but varies in time around a me ...
Nerve activates contraction
Nerve activates contraction

... Transmission of a Nerve Impulse along a Neuron  The exchange of ions creates an action potential in the neuron  “potential to do work”  Sound familiar?? ...
Identified Serotonergic Neurons LCBI and RCBI in the Cerebral
Identified Serotonergic Neurons LCBI and RCBI in the Cerebral

... points show significant facilitation on trials 3, 4, and 6 during CBl stimulation and posttest 1 (p < 0.01 in each case). The average magnitude of facilitation, although modest, is similar to that produced by tail stimulation (Mackey et al., 1987). Although the duration of facilitation is substantia ...
RESOURCE - Synthetic Neurobiology Group
RESOURCE - Synthetic Neurobiology Group

... example, using loxP-flanked (‘floxed’)-stop or floxed-inverse (FLEX) cassettes11,12—it is possible to virally deliver an opsin to a brain region, where only Cre-positive cells will activate expression of the opsin. Although successful for many applications, these approaches possess intrinsic limitat ...
Prenatal morphine exposure alters the layer II/III pyramidal neurons
Prenatal morphine exposure alters the layer II/III pyramidal neurons

... critically involved in the multisensory of auditory and visual stimulus, remained poorly understood. To clarify the neuronal architecture changes possibly occurring in the V2L, Golgi-Cox staining was used in this study to count dendritic length and the spine density of the layer II/III pyramidal neu ...
Measurement of variability dynamics in cortical spike trains
Measurement of variability dynamics in cortical spike trains

... Note that our approach is to estimate the trial-averaged socalled unconditional rate function from repeated trials without making any assumptions about the spiking model before we rescale the time axis. In a second step we then estimate statistical parameters from the transformed spike trains. A som ...
Full text PDF - Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
Full text PDF - Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences

... myelin depositing, which is formed from repeated coiling of Schwan cells membrane around the axon. Myelin sheath which surrounds nerve fibres in spinal-cord has a very different origin, as it is formed from oligodentroglial cells. Although myelinisation of nerve fibres in spinal-cord starts approximat ...
Layer-Specific Markers as Probes for Neuron Type Identity in
Layer-Specific Markers as Probes for Neuron Type Identity in

... studied most extensively in layer V of rodent cerebral cortex. Layer V contains several distinct types of pyramidal neurons (29, 36, 37) and interneurons (38) (Fig. 1A). The two main types of pyramidal neurons in layer V are known as tufted (type I) and nontufted (type II), according to the degree o ...
ANS Jeopardy
ANS Jeopardy

... the following four effector categories. • Answer: Smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands, adipose tissue ...
Genetic Analysis of the Drosophila Ellipsoid Body
Genetic Analysis of the Drosophila Ellipsoid Body

... center for higher-order brain function in insects. It is an intricate neuropil composed of four substructures. Each substructure contains repeated neuronal elements which are connected by processes such that topography is maintained. Although the neuronal architecture has been described in several i ...
A circular model for song motor control in Serinus canaria
A circular model for song motor control in Serinus canaria

... by muscles. If the bursts in HVC projection neurons occur temporally close to significant motor instances (like the beginning of the syllables), it is tempting to conjecture that there is a relationship between these events. However, if the burst occurs simultaneously with the acoustic gesture, caus ...
1 Platonic model of mind as an approximation to neurodynamics
1 Platonic model of mind as an approximation to neurodynamics

... experiments [19] on visual perception in monkeys by Griniasty et.al[20] using attractor neural network of the Hopfield type elucidated results of the single-neuron recordings and showed how temporal correlations in the sequence of pictures are changed into spatial correlations between attractors in ...
Matching tutor to student: rules and mechanisms for
Matching tutor to student: rules and mechanisms for

... We considered a model for information transfer that is composed of three sub-circuits: a conductor, a student, and a tutor (see Fig. 1B). The conductor provides input to the student in the form of temporally precise patterns. The goal of learning is for the student to convert this input to a predefi ...
The Nervous System Organization of the Nervous System
The Nervous System Organization of the Nervous System

... PNS is the link between neurons in CNS and rest of the body. Although PNS contains < 2% of all neural tissue, it is vital as a pathway between brain and body. Certain decisions may be made without or before entering cerebral cortex and conscious awareness. This is done via synaptic communication wit ...
Chapter 3
Chapter 3

... When there is damage to an axon, usually there are changes, called chromatolysis, which occur in the cell body of the affected cell; this causes swelling of the cell body and peaks between 10 and 20 days after injury. By the third to fifth day, degeneration of the distal portion of the neuronal proc ...
Linking Neural Activity to Visual Perception: Separating Sensory and
Linking Neural Activity to Visual Perception: Separating Sensory and

... discrimination sensitivity of MT neurons in the 2AFC task (see Appendix). For this, two distributions of spike counts were compared against each other, the distribution of counts from trials when the coherent motion was in the neuron’s preferred direction (distribution Y in Figure 2A) versus the dis ...
The Format of the IJOPCM, first submission
The Format of the IJOPCM, first submission

... quality product for a significant period of time after its production. The long shelf life studies in the laboratory do not fit with the speed requirement and therefore accelerated studies have been developed as part of innovation. As the mechanisms of food deterioration became known to food scienti ...
Mirror neuron functioning: an explanation for
Mirror neuron functioning: an explanation for

... own. During this action and action-observation two areas were found in which overlap in activity was present; the inferior frontal cortex and rostal-most region of the right superior parietal lobe. This overlap in activity could indicate that neurons in those areas were firing in both conditions and ...
ATP-Sensitive K+ Channels in the Brain: Sensors of
ATP-Sensitive K+ Channels in the Brain: Sensors of

... if prolonged, leads ultimately to irreversible cell damage (5) due to intracellular ionic derangements such as Na+ and Ca2+ overload (2). To prevent the development in the brain of energy-demanding seizure during metabolic stress, the ATPsensitive K+ (KATP) channel, the molecule that controls membra ...
Insect Bio-inspired Neural Network Provides New Evidence on How
Insect Bio-inspired Neural Network Provides New Evidence on How

... of honeybees. These models, using just four large-field visual input neurons from each eye that sparsely connect to a single layer of interneurons within the bee brain learning centres, are able to discriminate complex achromatic patterns without the need for an internal image representation. One mo ...
The LIM and POU homeobox genes ttx-3 and unc
The LIM and POU homeobox genes ttx-3 and unc

... Transcription factors that drive neuron type-specific terminal differentiation programs in the developing nervous system are often expressed in several distinct neuronal cell types, but to what extent they have similar or distinct activities in individual neuronal cell types is generally not well ex ...
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Biological neuron model

A biological neuron model (also known as spiking neuron model) is a mathematical description of the properties of nerve cells, or neurons, that is designed to accurately describe and predict biological processes. This is in contrast to the artificial neuron, which aims for computational effectiveness, although these goals sometimes overlap.
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