Optimal Sizes of Dendritic and Axonal Arbors
... 3.2 Other factors affecting arbor sizes One may argue that dendrites and axons have functions other than linking cell bodies to synapses and, therefore, the size of the arbors may be dictated by other considerations. Although I can not rule out this possibility, the primary function ofaxons and dend ...
... 3.2 Other factors affecting arbor sizes One may argue that dendrites and axons have functions other than linking cell bodies to synapses and, therefore, the size of the arbors may be dictated by other considerations. Although I can not rule out this possibility, the primary function ofaxons and dend ...
Conversion of Mouse and Human Fibroblasts into Functional Spinal
... with a neuronal morphology were observed, as previously reported (Vierbuchen et al., 2010), no Hb9::GFP+ cells emerged, even after 35 days (Figure S1A available online). This suggests that the iN factors alone do not generate motor neurons, consistent with the report that cholinergic neurons were no ...
... with a neuronal morphology were observed, as previously reported (Vierbuchen et al., 2010), no Hb9::GFP+ cells emerged, even after 35 days (Figure S1A available online). This suggests that the iN factors alone do not generate motor neurons, consistent with the report that cholinergic neurons were no ...
Somatic Sensation - PROFESSOR AC BROWN
... 1. Receptive field: sensory endings innervated by afferent axons in nerve 2. Results of nerve section or degeneration a. anesthesia of zone innervated only by the nerve that was cut b. if possible, regeneration of peripheral segments of severed axons and re-establishment of normal sensation Note: Re ...
... 1. Receptive field: sensory endings innervated by afferent axons in nerve 2. Results of nerve section or degeneration a. anesthesia of zone innervated only by the nerve that was cut b. if possible, regeneration of peripheral segments of severed axons and re-establishment of normal sensation Note: Re ...
The basal ganglia and cortex implement optimal decision making
... (Schall, 2001; Shadlen & Newsome, 2001). Hence, the models of decision making based on neurophysiological data (Shadlen & Newsome, 2001; Wang, 2002) assume that there exist connections from neurons representing stimuli, to the appropriate cortical neurons representing actions (these connections may ...
... (Schall, 2001; Shadlen & Newsome, 2001). Hence, the models of decision making based on neurophysiological data (Shadlen & Newsome, 2001; Wang, 2002) assume that there exist connections from neurons representing stimuli, to the appropriate cortical neurons representing actions (these connections may ...
Neuronal activity in dorsomedial frontal cortex and prefrontal cortex
... be specialized for operantly conditioned behavior. Its cells are modulated in relation to eye movements made for juice reinforcement, but not when monkeys make saccades without primary reinforcement (Bon and Lucchetti 1992; Lee and Tehovnik 1995). DMF neurons also respond to juice delivery only in t ...
... be specialized for operantly conditioned behavior. Its cells are modulated in relation to eye movements made for juice reinforcement, but not when monkeys make saccades without primary reinforcement (Bon and Lucchetti 1992; Lee and Tehovnik 1995). DMF neurons also respond to juice delivery only in t ...
Neuromorphic computing
... Point neuron abstractions – synapses models Each action potential is transmitted as an event to all post-synaptic neurons connected, after a fixed transmission delay. When such event is received a proper EPSP or IPSP is elicited and added to the total input current. ...
... Point neuron abstractions – synapses models Each action potential is transmitted as an event to all post-synaptic neurons connected, after a fixed transmission delay. When such event is received a proper EPSP or IPSP is elicited and added to the total input current. ...
Coding of movement
... following, we only address the nature of dynamic CSs, in the absence of static forces, and u corresponds to udyn. The controller is described here as an open-loop controller. However, it should be noted that the model is affiliated with a principled approach to motor control that states that feedback ...
... following, we only address the nature of dynamic CSs, in the absence of static forces, and u corresponds to udyn. The controller is described here as an open-loop controller. However, it should be noted that the model is affiliated with a principled approach to motor control that states that feedback ...
letter - Hanks Lab
... for anti-preferred-direction stimuli (Fig. 1c, d and Extended Data Fig. 1d, e for single neuron examples). These response profiles are similar to those found in monkey PPC and FEF during visual motion discrimination tasks3–5,11, suggesting that rats and monkeys may use similar algorithms and related ...
... for anti-preferred-direction stimuli (Fig. 1c, d and Extended Data Fig. 1d, e for single neuron examples). These response profiles are similar to those found in monkey PPC and FEF during visual motion discrimination tasks3–5,11, suggesting that rats and monkeys may use similar algorithms and related ...
1 Understanding Neurotransmission and the Disease of Addiction (2
... is relayed from cell to cell to regions that process and attach meaning and memory, taking the form, when within the cell, of an electrical signal. ...
... is relayed from cell to cell to regions that process and attach meaning and memory, taking the form, when within the cell, of an electrical signal. ...
Smooth Muscle
... • Some types of smooth muscle cells generate action potentials spontaneously in the absence of any neural or hormonal input. • The membrane potential change occurring during the spontaneous depolarization to threshold is known as a pacemaker potential. • Other smooth muscle pacemaker cells have a sl ...
... • Some types of smooth muscle cells generate action potentials spontaneously in the absence of any neural or hormonal input. • The membrane potential change occurring during the spontaneous depolarization to threshold is known as a pacemaker potential. • Other smooth muscle pacemaker cells have a sl ...
A local circuit approach to understanding integration of
... constants, τm , of 20 ms for excitatory neurons and 10 ms for inhibitory neurons. Na+-mediated spike dynamics were replaced by a time-varying firing threshold. When the membrane potential exceeded threshold, a spike was recorded, the spike threshold was elevated, an afterhyperpolarizing conductance ...
... constants, τm , of 20 ms for excitatory neurons and 10 ms for inhibitory neurons. Na+-mediated spike dynamics were replaced by a time-varying firing threshold. When the membrane potential exceeded threshold, a spike was recorded, the spike threshold was elevated, an afterhyperpolarizing conductance ...
12-4 Membrane Potential
... the plasma membrane is much more permeable to potassium than to sodium. As a result, there are more positive charges outside the plasma membrane. Negatively charged protein molecules within the cytosol cannot cross the plasma membrane, so there are more negative charges on the cytosol side of the pl ...
... the plasma membrane is much more permeable to potassium than to sodium. As a result, there are more positive charges outside the plasma membrane. Negatively charged protein molecules within the cytosol cannot cross the plasma membrane, so there are more negative charges on the cytosol side of the pl ...
Fine-scale specificity of cortical networks depends on inhibitory cell
... neurons, differential interference contrast (DIC) optics were used to target recordings to one pyramidal neuron and one inhibitory interneuron (Fig. 1a,b). Inhibitory neurons were classified as either fast-spiking or adapting on the basis of their intrinsic firing properties in response to intracell ...
... neurons, differential interference contrast (DIC) optics were used to target recordings to one pyramidal neuron and one inhibitory interneuron (Fig. 1a,b). Inhibitory neurons were classified as either fast-spiking or adapting on the basis of their intrinsic firing properties in response to intracell ...
6.Lecture-664 - iLab! - University of Southern California
... For most components we need to know (3D) configuration of the hand. Michael Arbib CS564 - Brain Theory and Artificial Intelligence, USC, Fall 2001. Lecture 10. MNS Model 1 ...
... For most components we need to know (3D) configuration of the hand. Michael Arbib CS564 - Brain Theory and Artificial Intelligence, USC, Fall 2001. Lecture 10. MNS Model 1 ...
Sodium channel NaV1.9 mutations associated with insensitivity to
... (Figure 4A and Table 2). All neurons expressing WT NaV1.9 fired action potentials, with an average current threshold of 290 ± 38 presumed that the variant was inherited from the affected mother pA (Figure 4B and Table 2). A representative action potential from (deceased), although DNA from the paren ...
... (Figure 4A and Table 2). All neurons expressing WT NaV1.9 fired action potentials, with an average current threshold of 290 ± 38 presumed that the variant was inherited from the affected mother pA (Figure 4B and Table 2). A representative action potential from (deceased), although DNA from the paren ...
J. Neurophysiol. - Nonlinear Dynamics Group
... Lv of 0.81 on average and tends to fire in a random fashion and the other group has an Lv of 0.38 whose firing pattern is quasi-regular. The 2 groups of neurons classified according to their Lv values exhibit different responses to the same stimulus, with a significant difference in their onset late ...
... Lv of 0.81 on average and tends to fire in a random fashion and the other group has an Lv of 0.38 whose firing pattern is quasi-regular. The 2 groups of neurons classified according to their Lv values exhibit different responses to the same stimulus, with a significant difference in their onset late ...
PDF file
... recognition in cluttered backgrounds. The appearance-based feature descriptors are quite selective for a target shape but limited in tolerance to the object transformations. The histogram-based descriptors, for an example, the SIFT features, show great tolerance to the object transformations but suc ...
... recognition in cluttered backgrounds. The appearance-based feature descriptors are quite selective for a target shape but limited in tolerance to the object transformations. The histogram-based descriptors, for an example, the SIFT features, show great tolerance to the object transformations but suc ...
Role of Astrocytes, Soluble Factors, Cells Adhesion Molecules and
... ms. At the AZ, special proteins called SNAREs (Souble Nethylmaleimaide sensitive factor attachment protein receptors) tether the SVs in close proximity to the synapse and mediate the fusion of SVs to membrane upon calcium activation. There are two types of SNARE proteins, the v-SNAREs and the t-SNAR ...
... ms. At the AZ, special proteins called SNAREs (Souble Nethylmaleimaide sensitive factor attachment protein receptors) tether the SVs in close proximity to the synapse and mediate the fusion of SVs to membrane upon calcium activation. There are two types of SNARE proteins, the v-SNAREs and the t-SNAR ...
Preserving information in neural transmission - CNL
... time available for recordings. The signal-to-noise ratio needed to record EPSPs extracellularly meant that the electrode was often very close to, if not touching, the cell. Recordings rarely lasted more than an hour, because the neuron could be injured with even minor relative motion between the ele ...
... time available for recordings. The signal-to-noise ratio needed to record EPSPs extracellularly meant that the electrode was often very close to, if not touching, the cell. Recordings rarely lasted more than an hour, because the neuron could be injured with even minor relative motion between the ele ...
Chapter 15
... Preganglionic neuron synapses with postganglionic neuron in first ganglion it reaches Preganglionic neuron ascends or descends to another ganglion along sympathetic chain before synapsing with postganglionic neuron. An axon may project through a ganglion and synapse with a postglanglionic neuron in ...
... Preganglionic neuron synapses with postganglionic neuron in first ganglion it reaches Preganglionic neuron ascends or descends to another ganglion along sympathetic chain before synapsing with postganglionic neuron. An axon may project through a ganglion and synapse with a postglanglionic neuron in ...
From/To LTM - Ohio University
... They occupy different regions of the human brain, have different structural organization. They interact with each other. Input information go through the STM so that it can be stored in the LTM. Information from LTM is retrieved to STM where it is updated and new associations are created (Fi ...
... They occupy different regions of the human brain, have different structural organization. They interact with each other. Input information go through the STM so that it can be stored in the LTM. Information from LTM is retrieved to STM where it is updated and new associations are created (Fi ...
Polarization-sensitive and light-sensitive neurons in two parallel
... polarizer (HN38S, Polaroid, Cambridge, MA) or a neutral density filter of equal transmission was moved into the light path. Stimuli were applied from the zenith and, for unpolarized light flashes, also from lateral to the right and left eye (0° elevation, in a few experiments 30° elevation, duration ...
... polarizer (HN38S, Polaroid, Cambridge, MA) or a neutral density filter of equal transmission was moved into the light path. Stimuli were applied from the zenith and, for unpolarized light flashes, also from lateral to the right and left eye (0° elevation, in a few experiments 30° elevation, duration ...
A part of the cholinergic fibers in mouse superior cervical ganglia
... the condition in which boutons richly surround the cellbody. The number of GAD65-immunopositive baskets per one section (12 grmu m thick) were 48.6+/-9.8 (n=5). All GAD65-immunopositive boutons exhibited VAchT immunoreactivity (Fig. 1). GAD65-immunopositive boutons and nNOS-immunopositive fibers of ...
... the condition in which boutons richly surround the cellbody. The number of GAD65-immunopositive baskets per one section (12 grmu m thick) were 48.6+/-9.8 (n=5). All GAD65-immunopositive boutons exhibited VAchT immunoreactivity (Fig. 1). GAD65-immunopositive boutons and nNOS-immunopositive fibers of ...
Propagated Signaling: The Action Potential
... In this way the voltage clamp prevents the charge separation acrossthe membrane from changing. The amount of current that must be generatedby the voltage clamp to keep the membrane potential constant provides a direct measure of the current flowing across the membrane (Box 9-1). Using the voltage-cl ...
... In this way the voltage clamp prevents the charge separation acrossthe membrane from changing. The amount of current that must be generatedby the voltage clamp to keep the membrane potential constant provides a direct measure of the current flowing across the membrane (Box 9-1). Using the voltage-cl ...
Serotonin 1B Receptor Modulates Frequency Response Curves and
... terms of its modulation by serotonin is frequency tuning, which can be expanded or narrowed by serotonin (Hurley and Pollak 2001). Frequency response curves in the IC are often shaped by inhibition, which may narrow the range of frequencies and intensities that evoke action potentials and decrease t ...
... terms of its modulation by serotonin is frequency tuning, which can be expanded or narrowed by serotonin (Hurley and Pollak 2001). Frequency response curves in the IC are often shaped by inhibition, which may narrow the range of frequencies and intensities that evoke action potentials and decrease t ...