Learning to classify complex patterns using a VLSI network of
... for the superiority of the nervous system in the real world are not completely understood, it is obvious that the main methods of neural computation in biology are very different from those of modern digital computers. In the brain, neuronal networks perform local analog computation and transmit inf ...
... for the superiority of the nervous system in the real world are not completely understood, it is obvious that the main methods of neural computation in biology are very different from those of modern digital computers. In the brain, neuronal networks perform local analog computation and transmit inf ...
Extended PDF
... vious studies showed that radial glia in the ventricular zone (VZ) of the developing neocortex are the progenitors that produce nearly all excitatory neurons (Kriegstein and Alvarez-Buylla, 2009). Prior to neurogenesis, radial glial progenitors (RGPs) divide symmetrically to amplify the progenitor p ...
... vious studies showed that radial glia in the ventricular zone (VZ) of the developing neocortex are the progenitors that produce nearly all excitatory neurons (Kriegstein and Alvarez-Buylla, 2009). Prior to neurogenesis, radial glial progenitors (RGPs) divide symmetrically to amplify the progenitor p ...
Overview - Sinauer Associates
... elements. Such communication is made possible by synapses, the functional contacts between neurons. Two different types of synapses—electrical and chemical—can be distinguished on the basis of their mechanism of transmission. At electrical synapses, current flows through gap junctions, which are spe ...
... elements. Such communication is made possible by synapses, the functional contacts between neurons. Two different types of synapses—electrical and chemical—can be distinguished on the basis of their mechanism of transmission. At electrical synapses, current flows through gap junctions, which are spe ...
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
... Another hypothesis is astrocyte cells being detrimental to motor neurons. A recent study found that when human adult astrocytes were placed with embryonic stem-cell-derived motor neurons, the astrocytes triggered a form of regulated necrosis in the motor neuron cells. As a result of this research, t ...
... Another hypothesis is astrocyte cells being detrimental to motor neurons. A recent study found that when human adult astrocytes were placed with embryonic stem-cell-derived motor neurons, the astrocytes triggered a form of regulated necrosis in the motor neuron cells. As a result of this research, t ...
Small Networks
... the dynamics of the network and its level of variability • Manipulate whole networks rather than individual neurons. ...
... the dynamics of the network and its level of variability • Manipulate whole networks rather than individual neurons. ...
A biologically constrained learning mechanism in networks of formal
... In the present paper, we show that it is possible to define a new, local, selectionist learning rule, which avoids the above-mentioned pitfalls, while guaranteeing the perfect memorization and retrieval of orthogonal prototype patterns of information (up to a maximal storage capacity). Starting from ...
... In the present paper, we show that it is possible to define a new, local, selectionist learning rule, which avoids the above-mentioned pitfalls, while guaranteeing the perfect memorization and retrieval of orthogonal prototype patterns of information (up to a maximal storage capacity). Starting from ...
On real-world temporal pattern recognition using Liquid State
... snapshots of a ‘now’ often don’t suffice. Apart from visual recognition of faces and objects, many patterns in the real world around us only present themselves over periods of time, showing their features and characteristics over different ‘now’s. Our senses provide us with endless streams of inform ...
... snapshots of a ‘now’ often don’t suffice. Apart from visual recognition of faces and objects, many patterns in the real world around us only present themselves over periods of time, showing their features and characteristics over different ‘now’s. Our senses provide us with endless streams of inform ...
State-Dependent Computation Using Coupled Recurrent Networks
... of the two units x3 and y3 , shown in phase space for different input amplitudes, applied to neuron x3 . The red dots denote points (ẋ = 0 and ẏ = 0) that are stable attractors in the absence of input. The blue dots are stable attractors in the presence of input. After the input of any amplitude i ...
... of the two units x3 and y3 , shown in phase space for different input amplitudes, applied to neuron x3 . The red dots denote points (ẋ = 0 and ẏ = 0) that are stable attractors in the absence of input. The blue dots are stable attractors in the presence of input. After the input of any amplitude i ...
Machine Learning
... • Unsupervised or self-organised learning does not require an external teacher. • During the training session, the neural network receives a number of different input patterns, discovers significant features in these patterns and learns how to classify input data into appropriate categories. • Unsup ...
... • Unsupervised or self-organised learning does not require an external teacher. • During the training session, the neural network receives a number of different input patterns, discovers significant features in these patterns and learns how to classify input data into appropriate categories. • Unsup ...
The Role of Selective Transport in Neuronal Protein
... that is thought to underlie neuronal plasticity may depend on the selective trafficking of neurotransmitter receptors (Frey and Morris, 1997; Malenka and Nicoll, 1999). Despite its fundamental importance, the mechanisms underlying neuronal protein targeting remain unclear, even for the most basic pr ...
... that is thought to underlie neuronal plasticity may depend on the selective trafficking of neurotransmitter receptors (Frey and Morris, 1997; Malenka and Nicoll, 1999). Despite its fundamental importance, the mechanisms underlying neuronal protein targeting remain unclear, even for the most basic pr ...
Neuron Production, Neuron Number, and Structure Size Are
... To estimate the number of new neurons in the hippocampus and in the four control regions of the brain, we examined all sections labeled for BrdU (mean of 7.5 sections per bird) and counted all new neurons appearing in that brain region according to the morphological criterion of Gould et al. (1999; ...
... To estimate the number of new neurons in the hippocampus and in the four control regions of the brain, we examined all sections labeled for BrdU (mean of 7.5 sections per bird) and counted all new neurons appearing in that brain region according to the morphological criterion of Gould et al. (1999; ...
Where Do Features Come From?
... to update the weights on the connections in such a way that it is probably slightly more likely to generate all of the datavectors in the training set. Although this is a slow process, it is mathematically very simple and only uses information that is locally available. First, the inference process ...
... to update the weights on the connections in such a way that it is probably slightly more likely to generate all of the datavectors in the training set. Although this is a slow process, it is mathematically very simple and only uses information that is locally available. First, the inference process ...
Chapter 8 & 5 powerpoint file
... segment of the membrane depolarizes Positive charge spreads along adjacent sections of axon by local current flow – as the signal moves away the currently stimulated area returns to its resting potential Local current flow causes new section of the membrane to depolarize – this new section is cr ...
... segment of the membrane depolarizes Positive charge spreads along adjacent sections of axon by local current flow – as the signal moves away the currently stimulated area returns to its resting potential Local current flow causes new section of the membrane to depolarize – this new section is cr ...
Spike-timing-dependent plasticity: common themes
... When the time constants of potentiation and depression in the window function are identical (Fig. 1B, E), STDP discourages the formation of short, mutually excitatory loops. Namely, if neuron A is predictive of the firing of neuron B, then neuron B cannot be predictive of the firing of neuron A and mu ...
... When the time constants of potentiation and depression in the window function are identical (Fig. 1B, E), STDP discourages the formation of short, mutually excitatory loops. Namely, if neuron A is predictive of the firing of neuron B, then neuron B cannot be predictive of the firing of neuron A and mu ...
PDF
... Neurons were recorded in an odor-guided choice task used previously to characterize signaling of errors and outcome expectancies12,13,15. On each trial, rats responded at one of two adjacent wells after sampling one of three different odor cues at a central port (Fig. 1a). One odor signaled sucrose ...
... Neurons were recorded in an odor-guided choice task used previously to characterize signaling of errors and outcome expectancies12,13,15. On each trial, rats responded at one of two adjacent wells after sampling one of three different odor cues at a central port (Fig. 1a). One odor signaled sucrose ...
Synaptic Transmission 1
... • Release leads to a high concentration of transmitter (1-10 mM) for a brief period of time in a small volume • Receptor occupancy can be substantial, despite low affinity of receptors for transmitter (are receptors saturated?) • Diffusion and uptake remove transmitter from the cleft quickly, so ...
... • Release leads to a high concentration of transmitter (1-10 mM) for a brief period of time in a small volume • Receptor occupancy can be substantial, despite low affinity of receptors for transmitter (are receptors saturated?) • Diffusion and uptake remove transmitter from the cleft quickly, so ...
Computational approaches to sensorimotor transformations
... traditional approaches to spatial representations, object position is represented in maps using one particular frame of reference. Multiple frames of reference require multiple maps, and a neuron can only contribute to one frame of reference, specific to its map. By contrast, in a basis function ma ...
... traditional approaches to spatial representations, object position is represented in maps using one particular frame of reference. Multiple frames of reference require multiple maps, and a neuron can only contribute to one frame of reference, specific to its map. By contrast, in a basis function ma ...
Human Brain Networks: Spiking Neuron Models
... have the capacity of excitability. If stimulated beyond a threshold, then the neuron will “fire” and produce a large voltage spike (the action potential) before returning to the resting potential [3,4]. The neurons of the brain are connected in a complex network in which the firing of one neuron can ...
... have the capacity of excitability. If stimulated beyond a threshold, then the neuron will “fire” and produce a large voltage spike (the action potential) before returning to the resting potential [3,4]. The neurons of the brain are connected in a complex network in which the firing of one neuron can ...
Representation of naturalistic image structure in the primate visual
... Measuring statistics in a physiologically consistent format can lead to much more powerful model of texture. Specifically, a model for texture based on the pairwise correlations between model simple- and complex-cell responses, at nearby positions, orientations, and scales (Fig 1d) can capture many ...
... Measuring statistics in a physiologically consistent format can lead to much more powerful model of texture. Specifically, a model for texture based on the pairwise correlations between model simple- and complex-cell responses, at nearby positions, orientations, and scales (Fig 1d) can capture many ...
Mirror neurons or emulator neurons?
... activations in these studies, because there was no way to figure out the intention of the actor from the action alone. The researchers in both studies made sure that, whatever the intention in the observed action would have been, the perceptual and motor properties of the initial action (grasping) w ...
... activations in these studies, because there was no way to figure out the intention of the actor from the action alone. The researchers in both studies made sure that, whatever the intention in the observed action would have been, the perceptual and motor properties of the initial action (grasping) w ...
- White Rose Research Online
... interneurons forming most of the remaining cell population. Despite their comparatively small number, the GABAergic fastspiking interneurons (FSIs) in particular exert a very strong influence on the MSNs [20–22], receive input from similar sources, and are interconnected by both chemical synapses an ...
... interneurons forming most of the remaining cell population. Despite their comparatively small number, the GABAergic fastspiking interneurons (FSIs) in particular exert a very strong influence on the MSNs [20–22], receive input from similar sources, and are interconnected by both chemical synapses an ...
(B) rosiglitazone
... c, Loose patch recordings of POMC neurons from wild-type (WT, POMC-GFP) and POMC-mut-Kir6.2 transgenic mice. Recordings were made for 5–10 min in aCSF solution containing 5mM glucose. Once stable activities were observed, the recording chamber was perfused with aCSF solution containing 3mM glucose ...
... c, Loose patch recordings of POMC neurons from wild-type (WT, POMC-GFP) and POMC-mut-Kir6.2 transgenic mice. Recordings were made for 5–10 min in aCSF solution containing 5mM glucose. Once stable activities were observed, the recording chamber was perfused with aCSF solution containing 3mM glucose ...
Confidence-Related Decision Making
... together with finite-size effects produce the stochastic dynamics of the network and the probabilistic decision making, as described in more detail elsewhere (Deco and Marti 2007; Deco et al. 2009; Marti et al. 2008; Rolls and Deco 2010). The two selective pools of the decision-making network are DA ...
... together with finite-size effects produce the stochastic dynamics of the network and the probabilistic decision making, as described in more detail elsewhere (Deco and Marti 2007; Deco et al. 2009; Marti et al. 2008; Rolls and Deco 2010). The two selective pools of the decision-making network are DA ...