ATP-Sensitive Potassium Channels in Dopaminergic Neurons
... activity but also the perfusion of their axonal target areas (6). Under physiological conditions, dopaminergic midbrain neurons show spontaneous action potential firing and, at least in in vitro brain slices, most KATP channels are closed (Fig. 2A). The activation of KATP channels leads to a hyperpo ...
... activity but also the perfusion of their axonal target areas (6). Under physiological conditions, dopaminergic midbrain neurons show spontaneous action potential firing and, at least in in vitro brain slices, most KATP channels are closed (Fig. 2A). The activation of KATP channels leads to a hyperpo ...
PDF - Oxford Academic - Oxford University Press
... 0 mV and was monitored via the calcium-sensitive dye benzothiazole coumarin (BTC). DSI was calculated from the amplitude of evoked inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) before and after depolarization. The magnitude of DSI generated was varied by using different lengths of depolarizations. Once D ...
... 0 mV and was monitored via the calcium-sensitive dye benzothiazole coumarin (BTC). DSI was calculated from the amplitude of evoked inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) before and after depolarization. The magnitude of DSI generated was varied by using different lengths of depolarizations. Once D ...
I dc
... Hodgkin-Huxley Model for the Squid Giant Axon • A Series of Five Papers: Published in 1952 ...
... Hodgkin-Huxley Model for the Squid Giant Axon • A Series of Five Papers: Published in 1952 ...
Lecture 1
... Myelinated axons: sheath of Schwann and myelin sheath one Schwann cell myelinates a single axon multiple Schwann cells needed to cover entire length of an axon ...
... Myelinated axons: sheath of Schwann and myelin sheath one Schwann cell myelinates a single axon multiple Schwann cells needed to cover entire length of an axon ...
Central Nervous System
... 9) IPSP differs from EPSP in :a- being of shorter duration b- being unable o summate spatially c- moving the membrane potential away from threshold d- depending upon opening of voltage K + channels 10) When EPSP and IPSP occur simultaneously the postsynaptic membrane :a- becomes depolarized b- becom ...
... 9) IPSP differs from EPSP in :a- being of shorter duration b- being unable o summate spatially c- moving the membrane potential away from threshold d- depending upon opening of voltage K + channels 10) When EPSP and IPSP occur simultaneously the postsynaptic membrane :a- becomes depolarized b- becom ...
Volume and Number of Neurons of the Human
... neurons in CA1 (r 5 20.84, 2P , 0.0001) and subiculum (r 5 20.49, 2P , 0.05) but not in other subdivisions. Pronounced AD-related reductions in neuron number were found only in the subiculum and the fascia dentata. Compared with controls, both losses represented 23% of neurons (P , 0.05). These resu ...
... neurons in CA1 (r 5 20.84, 2P , 0.0001) and subiculum (r 5 20.49, 2P , 0.05) but not in other subdivisions. Pronounced AD-related reductions in neuron number were found only in the subiculum and the fascia dentata. Compared with controls, both losses represented 23% of neurons (P , 0.05). These resu ...
Optimization of neuronal cultures derived from human
... MANTRA system or on a fluorescence microscope imaging system. For both systems, fluorescence imaging was performed in parallel with field stimulation trains. Immunofluorescence analysis was performed at different time points to evaluate the expression and localization of presynaptic proteins and the ...
... MANTRA system or on a fluorescence microscope imaging system. For both systems, fluorescence imaging was performed in parallel with field stimulation trains. Immunofluorescence analysis was performed at different time points to evaluate the expression and localization of presynaptic proteins and the ...
An Imperfect Dopaminergic Error Signal Can Drive Temporal
... An open problem in the field of computational neuroscience is how to link synaptic plasticity to system-level learning. A promising framework in this context is temporal-difference (TD) learning. Experimental evidence that supports the hypothesis that the mammalian brain performs temporal-difference ...
... An open problem in the field of computational neuroscience is how to link synaptic plasticity to system-level learning. A promising framework in this context is temporal-difference (TD) learning. Experimental evidence that supports the hypothesis that the mammalian brain performs temporal-difference ...
Basal Ganglia Outputs Map Instantaneous Position Coordinates
... length, arranged in a 4 ⫻ 4 configuration. All GABAergic neurons, showing the waveforms and interspike interval distribution. E, Plot of firing rate versus spike width. Neurons arrays were attached to an Omnetics connector with wider action potentials are excluded (other). and fixed to the skull wit ...
... length, arranged in a 4 ⫻ 4 configuration. All GABAergic neurons, showing the waveforms and interspike interval distribution. E, Plot of firing rate versus spike width. Neurons arrays were attached to an Omnetics connector with wider action potentials are excluded (other). and fixed to the skull wit ...
INSTANTANEOUSLY TRAINED NEURAL NETWORKS WITH
... classification approach to train feedforward neural networks to handle complex inputs using prescriptive learning, where the network weights are assigned simply upon examining the inputs. At first a straightforward generalization of the CC4 corner classification algorithm is presented to highlight i ...
... classification approach to train feedforward neural networks to handle complex inputs using prescriptive learning, where the network weights are assigned simply upon examining the inputs. At first a straightforward generalization of the CC4 corner classification algorithm is presented to highlight i ...
The Nervous system
... The sodium-potassium pump uses ATP to transport sodium ions out and potassium ions in The inside of a resting neuron has a negative charge relative to the outside An action potential is a reversal and restoration of the charge difference across the membrane The sodium-potassium pump restores the ori ...
... The sodium-potassium pump uses ATP to transport sodium ions out and potassium ions in The inside of a resting neuron has a negative charge relative to the outside An action potential is a reversal and restoration of the charge difference across the membrane The sodium-potassium pump restores the ori ...
Sequential Development of Electrical and Chemical Synaptic
... Zeiss). For epi-illumination, we used a tungsten halogen lamp (64625 HLX; Osram Sylvania, Danvers, MA) in standard housing (HAL 100; Zeiss), powered by a low-ripple power supply (JQE 15-12M; Kepco, Flushing, NY). For all voltage-sensitive dye imaging, we acquired images only at the coumarin emission ...
... Zeiss). For epi-illumination, we used a tungsten halogen lamp (64625 HLX; Osram Sylvania, Danvers, MA) in standard housing (HAL 100; Zeiss), powered by a low-ripple power supply (JQE 15-12M; Kepco, Flushing, NY). For all voltage-sensitive dye imaging, we acquired images only at the coumarin emission ...
view - E-LIB Bremen - Universität Bremen
... can make muscles twitch by Galvani and Volta, the description of the morphology of neurons in the brain by Golgi and Ramon Y Cajal [1], and finding a set of equations that describe the electrical behavior of neurons in great detail by Hodgkin and Huxley [2]. These and other discoveries elucidated the ...
... can make muscles twitch by Galvani and Volta, the description of the morphology of neurons in the brain by Golgi and Ramon Y Cajal [1], and finding a set of equations that describe the electrical behavior of neurons in great detail by Hodgkin and Huxley [2]. These and other discoveries elucidated the ...
Bayesian Retrieval In Associative Memories With Storage Errors
... heuristic justification. We show how they emerge naturally from considerations of probabilistic inference under conditions of noisy and partial input and a corrupted weight matrix. We start from the conditional probability distribution over possible patterns for retrieval. This contains all possible ...
... heuristic justification. We show how they emerge naturally from considerations of probabilistic inference under conditions of noisy and partial input and a corrupted weight matrix. We start from the conditional probability distribution over possible patterns for retrieval. This contains all possible ...
Information processing in a neuron ensemble with the multiplicative
... Furthermore, the present study also investigates the important issue, the difference in decoding accuracy by the faithful and unfaithful models (Nakahara & Amari, 2002; Wu et al., 2001, 2002a). The definition of the Fisher information implicitly poses the assumption that decoding is carried out by u ...
... Furthermore, the present study also investigates the important issue, the difference in decoding accuracy by the faithful and unfaithful models (Nakahara & Amari, 2002; Wu et al., 2001, 2002a). The definition of the Fisher information implicitly poses the assumption that decoding is carried out by u ...
MSc Thesis Template Document
... Figure 40 Synapse or Syndesis or Synapsis .................................................................................. 37 Figure 41 The Synaptic Gap at a Synapse .................................................................................... 38 Figure 42 Neurons: Synapses in the Neural Ne ...
... Figure 40 Synapse or Syndesis or Synapsis .................................................................................. 37 Figure 41 The Synaptic Gap at a Synapse .................................................................................... 38 Figure 42 Neurons: Synapses in the Neural Ne ...
SC&SN-07
... Ganglion = cluster of neuronal cell bodies in PNS Nucleus = cluster of neuronal cell bodies in the CNS ...
... Ganglion = cluster of neuronal cell bodies in PNS Nucleus = cluster of neuronal cell bodies in the CNS ...
Multilayer perceptrons
... can sometimes cause “overfitting”, where the network performs well on the training data but poorly on the test data The alternative is to divide the data into three sets, the extra one being the ...
... can sometimes cause “overfitting”, where the network performs well on the training data but poorly on the test data The alternative is to divide the data into three sets, the extra one being the ...
How Inhibition Shapes Cortical Activity
... Cortical processing reflects the interplay of synaptic excitation and synaptic inhibition. Rapidly accumulating evidence is highlighting the crucial role of inhibition in shaping spontaneous and sensory-evoked cortical activity and thus underscores how a better knowledge of inhibitory circuits is ne ...
... Cortical processing reflects the interplay of synaptic excitation and synaptic inhibition. Rapidly accumulating evidence is highlighting the crucial role of inhibition in shaping spontaneous and sensory-evoked cortical activity and thus underscores how a better knowledge of inhibitory circuits is ne ...
embryonic development of the leech nervous system
... that both cell pairs are derived from mesoderm (Weisblat et al., 1980a; D. A. Weisblat et al., personal communication), and they are contractile at very early stages. Medial cells in stage 9(3/4) embryos will contract when penetrated by a microelectrode and when depolarized by current injections. Wh ...
... that both cell pairs are derived from mesoderm (Weisblat et al., 1980a; D. A. Weisblat et al., personal communication), and they are contractile at very early stages. Medial cells in stage 9(3/4) embryos will contract when penetrated by a microelectrode and when depolarized by current injections. Wh ...
Roles for miRNAs in Timing Developmental Progression Within
... additional regulatory mechanisms likely influence miRNA levels in neurons because only a subset of miRNAs appear to be subject to this rapid turnover, and only a subset of neurons display this increased rate of miRNA turnover. Target mRNA levels may also influence miRNA levels in neurons, as target ...
... additional regulatory mechanisms likely influence miRNA levels in neurons because only a subset of miRNAs appear to be subject to this rapid turnover, and only a subset of neurons display this increased rate of miRNA turnover. Target mRNA levels may also influence miRNA levels in neurons, as target ...
Action Potentials
... • Opening sodium channel produces graded potential • Resting membrane exposed to chemical • Sodium channel opens • Sodium ions enter the cell • Transmembrane potential rises ...
... • Opening sodium channel produces graded potential • Resting membrane exposed to chemical • Sodium channel opens • Sodium ions enter the cell • Transmembrane potential rises ...
Gee JNeuro 2012 - Stanford University
... Surprisingly, this afterdepolarization is masked in quiescent brain slices, but is readily unmasked by physiologic levels of synaptic input which activate NMDA receptors, possibly explaining why this phenomenon has not been reported previously. Notably, we could still elicit this afterdepolarization ...
... Surprisingly, this afterdepolarization is masked in quiescent brain slices, but is readily unmasked by physiologic levels of synaptic input which activate NMDA receptors, possibly explaining why this phenomenon has not been reported previously. Notably, we could still elicit this afterdepolarization ...
Jukic et al. SUPPLEMANTARY SUPLEMENTARY METHODS En1+/
... serotonergic neurons. 4. Studies related to the specification of monoaminergic neurons. We choose these criteria according to the following rationales. 1: In vitro studies are not necessarily relevant in vivo (Hegarthy et al., 2013). 2: Only experiments performed in mammals were considered, since pa ...
... serotonergic neurons. 4. Studies related to the specification of monoaminergic neurons. We choose these criteria according to the following rationales. 1: In vitro studies are not necessarily relevant in vivo (Hegarthy et al., 2013). 2: Only experiments performed in mammals were considered, since pa ...
Tactile orientation perception: an ideal observer analysis of human
... have elliptical RFs (Pruszynski and Johansson 2014; VegaBermudez and Johnson 1999) with aspect ratios that are similar, on average, to those of S1 cortical neurons (Sripati et al. 2006b). Elongated RFs, however, seem to be somewhat more prevalent in cortex than in the periphery. Sripati et al. (2006 ...
... have elliptical RFs (Pruszynski and Johansson 2014; VegaBermudez and Johnson 1999) with aspect ratios that are similar, on average, to those of S1 cortical neurons (Sripati et al. 2006b). Elongated RFs, however, seem to be somewhat more prevalent in cortex than in the periphery. Sripati et al. (2006 ...