Chemosensory Convergence on Primary Olfactory Cortex
... the IOC for entering the nose poke (only clean air was presented during single-unit activity, waveforms were clustered automatically using the these sessions). During experimental sessions, odor stimuli were delivvalley-seeking algorithm in Plexon Offline Sorter (Koontz and Fukuered for a duration o ...
... the IOC for entering the nose poke (only clean air was presented during single-unit activity, waveforms were clustered automatically using the these sessions). During experimental sessions, odor stimuli were delivvalley-seeking algorithm in Plexon Offline Sorter (Koontz and Fukuered for a duration o ...
Selectivity for the Shape, Size, and Orientation of Objects for
... orientation of objects for grasping in neurons of monkey parietal area AIP. J. Neurophysiol. 83: 2580 –2601, 2000. In this study, we mainly investigated the visual selectivity of hand-manipulation-related neurons in the anterior intraparietal area (area AIP) while the animal was grasping or fixating ...
... orientation of objects for grasping in neurons of monkey parietal area AIP. J. Neurophysiol. 83: 2580 –2601, 2000. In this study, we mainly investigated the visual selectivity of hand-manipulation-related neurons in the anterior intraparietal area (area AIP) while the animal was grasping or fixating ...
Morphological and Quantitative Study of Neurons in the Gracile
... size and shape; 2) density of dendritic tree and 3) presence or absence of different types of spines and/or appendages on dendrites and/or cell bodies. Type I Neurons: These multipolar or elongated neurons (Figure 2) represented the largest impregnated neuronal type in the Gr. They had very large so ...
... size and shape; 2) density of dendritic tree and 3) presence or absence of different types of spines and/or appendages on dendrites and/or cell bodies. Type I Neurons: These multipolar or elongated neurons (Figure 2) represented the largest impregnated neuronal type in the Gr. They had very large so ...
Whisker movements evoked by stimulation of single pyramidal cells
... the evoked movement was delayed (0.3 s to 50% of the amplitude) and the movement lasted for several seconds (Fig. 1e). We quantified the peak-to-peak amplitude of movements in the second immediately after current injection and in the second just before current injection. Action potential initiation ...
... the evoked movement was delayed (0.3 s to 50% of the amplitude) and the movement lasted for several seconds (Fig. 1e). We quantified the peak-to-peak amplitude of movements in the second immediately after current injection and in the second just before current injection. Action potential initiation ...
Disc1Point Mutations in Mice Affect Development of the Cerebral
... and L100P mutant mice (7638 ⫾ 346; p ⬍ 0.001) across the neocortex when compared with WT mice (8636 ⫾ 522) (Fig. 1 B). This observation of fewer NeuNlabeled neurons in Q31L and L100P compared to WT was also seen within each individual ROI, spanning from medial to lateral (Fig. 1C). Reduced neuronal ...
... and L100P mutant mice (7638 ⫾ 346; p ⬍ 0.001) across the neocortex when compared with WT mice (8636 ⫾ 522) (Fig. 1 B). This observation of fewer NeuNlabeled neurons in Q31L and L100P compared to WT was also seen within each individual ROI, spanning from medial to lateral (Fig. 1C). Reduced neuronal ...
Cell Type-Specific, Presynaptic LTP of Inhibitory Synapses on Fast
... MgATP, 10 Na-phosphocreatine, and 0.2% biocytin at pH 7.2–7.4. The osmolarity of solution was 270 –290 mOsm. To subdivide presynaptic GABAergic neurons into FS or non-FS neurons, they were held in the current-clamp mode and their firing properties were assessed by delivering 500 ms depolarizing curr ...
... MgATP, 10 Na-phosphocreatine, and 0.2% biocytin at pH 7.2–7.4. The osmolarity of solution was 270 –290 mOsm. To subdivide presynaptic GABAergic neurons into FS or non-FS neurons, they were held in the current-clamp mode and their firing properties were assessed by delivering 500 ms depolarizing curr ...
Table of Contents - The Mind Project
... The first part of this lab is where students have background reading about Parkinson’s Disease, dopamine’s role in PKD, and an explanation what hypothesis they will be testing in this virtual lab. The Mind Project has developed student handouts that will help focus students on what they need to know ...
... The first part of this lab is where students have background reading about Parkinson’s Disease, dopamine’s role in PKD, and an explanation what hypothesis they will be testing in this virtual lab. The Mind Project has developed student handouts that will help focus students on what they need to know ...
UNRAVELING THE SENSE OF SMELL
... detects a vast array of chemicals in the external world. It also did something else that was important: it provided a set of molecular tools to explore how the nervous system translates chemical structures into odor perceptions. This is what we set out to do in my lab at Harvard. In the mouse, we fo ...
... detects a vast array of chemicals in the external world. It also did something else that was important: it provided a set of molecular tools to explore how the nervous system translates chemical structures into odor perceptions. This is what we set out to do in my lab at Harvard. In the mouse, we fo ...
Effects of uniform extracellular DC electric fields on excitability in rat
... allowed to stabilize before applying the fields. Control responses were obtained before and after application of polarizing current. Orthodromic stimuli were applied >0.5 s after field application or termination. Unless otherwise stated, orthodromic stimulation intensity was adjusted to produce 30–7 ...
... allowed to stabilize before applying the fields. Control responses were obtained before and after application of polarizing current. Orthodromic stimuli were applied >0.5 s after field application or termination. Unless otherwise stated, orthodromic stimulation intensity was adjusted to produce 30–7 ...
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Mediates Activity
... nm bandpass emission filter. Image stacks (typically 10 –20 optical sections per stack) were collected at 1.5–2.5 m z-axis steps through the full extent of the dendritic tree and saved for off-line tracing and analysis. Images were taken with the lowest practical laser intensity and the shortest pr ...
... nm bandpass emission filter. Image stacks (typically 10 –20 optical sections per stack) were collected at 1.5–2.5 m z-axis steps through the full extent of the dendritic tree and saved for off-line tracing and analysis. Images were taken with the lowest practical laser intensity and the shortest pr ...
Article - Leslie Vosshall - The Rockefeller University
... the volume of the V glomerulus, we asked whether odorevoked activity in OSNs was sufficient to produce these neuroanatomical changes. This was achieved by ectopic expression and activation of an odorant receptor tuned to cyclohexanol in Gr21a neurons. Flies that express both Or43a and Or83b in Gr21a ...
... the volume of the V glomerulus, we asked whether odorevoked activity in OSNs was sufficient to produce these neuroanatomical changes. This was achieved by ectopic expression and activation of an odorant receptor tuned to cyclohexanol in Gr21a neurons. Flies that express both Or43a and Or83b in Gr21a ...
Glutamate Inhibits GABA Excitatory Activity in
... During development, the primary inhibitory transmitter of the mature brain, GABA, assumes an excitatory role. Because of an elevated C l 2 reversal potential found in immature hypothalamic neurons, activation of the GABAA receptor leads to an inward current caused by C l 2 efflux, membrane depolariz ...
... During development, the primary inhibitory transmitter of the mature brain, GABA, assumes an excitatory role. Because of an elevated C l 2 reversal potential found in immature hypothalamic neurons, activation of the GABAA receptor leads to an inward current caused by C l 2 efflux, membrane depolariz ...
14132.full - Explore Bristol Research
... 5 s of the spike activity were analyzed. Spontaneous activity measured 5 or 10 s before the onset of the stimulus was subtracted from responses to innocuous and noxious stimuli, respectively. Responses of class 4 spinoolivary neurons were elicited by manual full ankle joint rotation (class 4 neurons ...
... 5 s of the spike activity were analyzed. Spontaneous activity measured 5 or 10 s before the onset of the stimulus was subtracted from responses to innocuous and noxious stimuli, respectively. Responses of class 4 spinoolivary neurons were elicited by manual full ankle joint rotation (class 4 neurons ...
Encoding of conditioned fear in central amygdala inhibitory circuits
... On the basis of previous anatomical and in vitro electrophysiological studies in rats describing an inhibitory GABAergic projection from CEl to CEm13–17, we examined anatomical and functional connectivity between CEl and CEm. First, we locally injected a retrogradely tracing virus (herpes simplex vi ...
... On the basis of previous anatomical and in vitro electrophysiological studies in rats describing an inhibitory GABAergic projection from CEl to CEm13–17, we examined anatomical and functional connectivity between CEl and CEm. First, we locally injected a retrogradely tracing virus (herpes simplex vi ...
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF VISUAL AREA MT
... Of the inputs directly from V1, those from layer 4B predominate, at least numerically. After injections of retrograde tracers into macaque MT, more than 90% of the labeled V1 neurons are found in layer 4B; the remaining are found in the large cells of Meynert near the boundary of layers 5 and 6 (Tig ...
... Of the inputs directly from V1, those from layer 4B predominate, at least numerically. After injections of retrograde tracers into macaque MT, more than 90% of the labeled V1 neurons are found in layer 4B; the remaining are found in the large cells of Meynert near the boundary of layers 5 and 6 (Tig ...
Mapping of second order olfactory neurons and ventral
... Detection of chemical stimuli from the external environment is performed by all living organisms. Of all senses, the chemical sense is the evolutionary oldest. Also, the neural system devoted to process chemosensory information is strikingly well conserved across the different species, in particular ...
... Detection of chemical stimuli from the external environment is performed by all living organisms. Of all senses, the chemical sense is the evolutionary oldest. Also, the neural system devoted to process chemosensory information is strikingly well conserved across the different species, in particular ...
Neurodynamical theory of decision confidence Andrea Insabato TESI DOCTORAL UPF / 2014
... we do not have yet a thorough understanding of its neurophysiological and computational substrate. There are mainly two experimental paradigms to measure decision confidence in animals: post-decision wagering and uncertain option. In this thesis we explore and try to shed light on the computational ...
... we do not have yet a thorough understanding of its neurophysiological and computational substrate. There are mainly two experimental paradigms to measure decision confidence in animals: post-decision wagering and uncertain option. In this thesis we explore and try to shed light on the computational ...
Neural Correlates of Vibrissa Resonance: Band
... (A) All frequency tuning curves with driven responses to at least one frequency are plotted (log-linear scale), classified within each neural category by the degree of tuning sharpness, neural Q (see Experimental Procedures). Neural tuning curves were plotted after subtracting prestimulus firing and ...
... (A) All frequency tuning curves with driven responses to at least one frequency are plotted (log-linear scale), classified within each neural category by the degree of tuning sharpness, neural Q (see Experimental Procedures). Neural tuning curves were plotted after subtracting prestimulus firing and ...
Disruption of Target Interactions Prevents the Development of
... Angeletti, 197 1; Jaim-Etcheverry and Zieher, 197 1; Clark et al., 1972; Finch et al., 1973), single doses do not cause significant sympathetic neuron cell death and have been used previously to delay innervation of sweat glands (Stevens and Landis, 1988). Since 6-OHDA treatment destroys only nerve ...
... Angeletti, 197 1; Jaim-Etcheverry and Zieher, 197 1; Clark et al., 1972; Finch et al., 1973), single doses do not cause significant sympathetic neuron cell death and have been used previously to delay innervation of sweat glands (Stevens and Landis, 1988). Since 6-OHDA treatment destroys only nerve ...
Vestibular Signals in the Parasolitary Nucleus
... Action potentials were discriminated with a window-slope discriminator-Schmitt trigger. Discriminated action potentials were analyzed by computer using Spike 2 software (Cambridge Electronic Design). Evoked single-unit activity was displayed on-line as a peristimulus histogram. Peristimulus histogra ...
... Action potentials were discriminated with a window-slope discriminator-Schmitt trigger. Discriminated action potentials were analyzed by computer using Spike 2 software (Cambridge Electronic Design). Evoked single-unit activity was displayed on-line as a peristimulus histogram. Peristimulus histogra ...
Pharmacology 18a – Priciples of GABAergic Transmission
... There are 2 types of GABA receptor: GABAA Generally POSTsynaptic When activated by GABA cause influx of Cl- ions This causes the cell to hyperpolarise which will decrease the likelihood of it firing an action potential. Agonised by muscimol (+ GABA) Antagonised by bicuculline (competitive) ...
... There are 2 types of GABA receptor: GABAA Generally POSTsynaptic When activated by GABA cause influx of Cl- ions This causes the cell to hyperpolarise which will decrease the likelihood of it firing an action potential. Agonised by muscimol (+ GABA) Antagonised by bicuculline (competitive) ...
Structure and Function of Visual Area MT
... Of the inputs directly from V1, those from layer 4B predominate, at least numerically. After injections of retrograde tracers into macaque MT, more than 90% of the labeled V1 neurons are found in layer 4B; the remaining are found in the large cells of Meynert near the boundary of layers 5 and 6 (Tig ...
... Of the inputs directly from V1, those from layer 4B predominate, at least numerically. After injections of retrograde tracers into macaque MT, more than 90% of the labeled V1 neurons are found in layer 4B; the remaining are found in the large cells of Meynert near the boundary of layers 5 and 6 (Tig ...
Preferential Termination of Corticorubral Axons on Spine
... During brain development, growth cones navigate through a complex environment to reach their target. Recent studies have revealed various kinds of interactions during growth cone navigation (for review, see Dodd and Jessel, 1988; Goodman and Shatz, 1993; Goodman, 1996), but relatively little is know ...
... During brain development, growth cones navigate through a complex environment to reach their target. Recent studies have revealed various kinds of interactions during growth cone navigation (for review, see Dodd and Jessel, 1988; Goodman and Shatz, 1993; Goodman, 1996), but relatively little is know ...
Primitive Roles for Inhibitory Interneurons in Developing Frog Spinal
... Figure 2. Diagram of the tadpole preparation and paired whole-cell recordings to show that aINs produce direct inhibition of spinal CPG neurons. A, Scale diagram of the CNS viewed from the right showing the location of two neurobiotin-filled neurons with a synaptic connection, shown in more detail i ...
... Figure 2. Diagram of the tadpole preparation and paired whole-cell recordings to show that aINs produce direct inhibition of spinal CPG neurons. A, Scale diagram of the CNS viewed from the right showing the location of two neurobiotin-filled neurons with a synaptic connection, shown in more detail i ...