The influence of James and Darwin on Cajal and his
... nervous system in such a way that the lower centers respond to sensory stimulus, while the cerebral hemispheres are responsible for perception and conscious actions. Perceptions involve the grouping of sensations while conscious considerations are expectations of sensations to be felt based on previ ...
... nervous system in such a way that the lower centers respond to sensory stimulus, while the cerebral hemispheres are responsible for perception and conscious actions. Perceptions involve the grouping of sensations while conscious considerations are expectations of sensations to be felt based on previ ...
Article - Perelman School of Medicine at the University of
... therefore, has a characteristic combinatorial expression of the transcription factors SOX5, CTIP2, and TBR1: (1) SP neurons express an intermediate level of SOX5, a high level of TBR1, and a low level of CTIP2; (2) CTh neurons in layer VI strongly express SOX5 and TBR1 and little CTIP2; and (3) subc ...
... therefore, has a characteristic combinatorial expression of the transcription factors SOX5, CTIP2, and TBR1: (1) SP neurons express an intermediate level of SOX5, a high level of TBR1, and a low level of CTIP2; (2) CTh neurons in layer VI strongly express SOX5 and TBR1 and little CTIP2; and (3) subc ...
Chapter 7
... inactivate. K channels open, and K rushes out; interior of cell more negative than outside. ...
... inactivate. K channels open, and K rushes out; interior of cell more negative than outside. ...
Genetic mechanisms behind cell specification Drosophila Magnus Baumgardt
... generated, specified, and integrated, as challenging as in the study of the animal central nervous system (CNS). The human CNS is by many considered to be the most complex structure known to man. Not only does it contain a vast number of cells (> 1011) but these cells are also of a great many differ ...
... generated, specified, and integrated, as challenging as in the study of the animal central nervous system (CNS). The human CNS is by many considered to be the most complex structure known to man. Not only does it contain a vast number of cells (> 1011) but these cells are also of a great many differ ...
LINKING PROPOSITIONS*
... cited as examples of linking propositions. Insofar as visual scientists are interested in explaining psychophysical data on the basis of the properties of the neural substrate, we must be said to be interested precisely in the formulation, testing, accepting and falsifying of linking propositions. Y ...
... cited as examples of linking propositions. Insofar as visual scientists are interested in explaining psychophysical data on the basis of the properties of the neural substrate, we must be said to be interested precisely in the formulation, testing, accepting and falsifying of linking propositions. Y ...
Responses of primate frontal cortex neurons during natural vocal
... To address this issue we recorded the activity of single frontal cortex neurons in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) during naturally occurring long-distance vocal exchanges known as antiphonal calling (Fig. 1, A and B). This vocal behavior is ideally suited for neurophysiological experiments ai ...
... To address this issue we recorded the activity of single frontal cortex neurons in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) during naturally occurring long-distance vocal exchanges known as antiphonal calling (Fig. 1, A and B). This vocal behavior is ideally suited for neurophysiological experiments ai ...
Rostral Fastigial Nucleus Activity in the Alert Monkey During Three
... LARP ( b Å {457 )] that lay closest ( Db Å {22.57 ) to their direction of maximum modulation. Because maximal responses can be related to each of the two stimulus directions (up or down), eight response types were distinguished. Response always refers to excitation in a given stimulus direction. Dur ...
... LARP ( b Å {457 )] that lay closest ( Db Å {22.57 ) to their direction of maximum modulation. Because maximal responses can be related to each of the two stimulus directions (up or down), eight response types were distinguished. Response always refers to excitation in a given stimulus direction. Dur ...
Review Reward, Motivation, and Reinforcement Learning
... a maze task for a rat, with two rooms, signaled by b (blue) or g (green) lights, out of each of which is two paths. At b, the subject can go “U” (up) or “D” (down); at g, it can go “L” (left) or “R” (right). Going U at b leads to an exit without any reward (outcome OU); going L (left) or R (right) a ...
... a maze task for a rat, with two rooms, signaled by b (blue) or g (green) lights, out of each of which is two paths. At b, the subject can go “U” (up) or “D” (down); at g, it can go “L” (left) or “R” (right). Going U at b leads to an exit without any reward (outcome OU); going L (left) or R (right) a ...
Chapter 2
... synaptic organization of the IC interact to define functional zones. The IC was originally divided using anatomical methods to identify the neurons and their inputs with the hope that these subdivisions would correspond to functional zones. The central nucleus, the largest of the subdivisions, has b ...
... synaptic organization of the IC interact to define functional zones. The IC was originally divided using anatomical methods to identify the neurons and their inputs with the hope that these subdivisions would correspond to functional zones. The central nucleus, the largest of the subdivisions, has b ...
Dynamics of Propofol-Induced Loss of Consciousness Across
... toolbox and used to calculate time-varying changes in coherence at each population-level PSTHs, each neuron was normalized to its baseline frequency over 10 s time bins. These data were then used to generate activity and then averaged across neurons (Fig. 4C,D). coherograms (Figs. 3A–C, 5 A, C,F ) a ...
... toolbox and used to calculate time-varying changes in coherence at each population-level PSTHs, each neuron was normalized to its baseline frequency over 10 s time bins. These data were then used to generate activity and then averaged across neurons (Fig. 4C,D). coherograms (Figs. 3A–C, 5 A, C,F ) a ...
Nervous_System_Brain
... Potential difference – voltage measured between two points Current (I) – the flow of electrical charge between two points ...
... Potential difference – voltage measured between two points Current (I) – the flow of electrical charge between two points ...
Guided outgrowth of leech neurons in culture
... a single neurite or from a separation of fasciculated neurites. Considering the dynamics of the leading tip during growth, the thickness of the neurites and the morphology of the branching points we assign most bifurcations on the patterned substrate to genuine branching, in particular those on the ...
... a single neurite or from a separation of fasciculated neurites. Considering the dynamics of the leading tip during growth, the thickness of the neurites and the morphology of the branching points we assign most bifurcations on the patterned substrate to genuine branching, in particular those on the ...
Mirror Neuron System in Monkey: A Computational Modeling
... Inferotemporal Cortex (IT). The dorsal stream through AIP to F5 is replicated in the current version of the MNS1 model; the influence of IT and PFC on F5 is not analyzed further in the present paper. 1. The dorsal visual stream (parietal cortex) extracts parametric information about the object being ...
... Inferotemporal Cortex (IT). The dorsal stream through AIP to F5 is replicated in the current version of the MNS1 model; the influence of IT and PFC on F5 is not analyzed further in the present paper. 1. The dorsal visual stream (parietal cortex) extracts parametric information about the object being ...
Prevalent Presence of Periodic Actin-spectrin-based
... Golgi and Purkinje cells, which showed less regularity (Fig. 2H, I, K). This is probably due to a relatively slow development process for these cultured cerebellar neurons as evidenced by less elaborate dendrites observed for these neurons in vitro (29, 30). In addition, all of these specific neuron ...
... Golgi and Purkinje cells, which showed less regularity (Fig. 2H, I, K). This is probably due to a relatively slow development process for these cultured cerebellar neurons as evidenced by less elaborate dendrites observed for these neurons in vitro (29, 30). In addition, all of these specific neuron ...
Midbrain Dopamine Neurons Encode a Quantitative Reward
... error. Importantly, however, systems of this type do not necessarily account for all of the behavior produced by all animals under all circumstances. If an animal faces an environment in which a strategy of alternating sequentially between two responses yields a reward on every trial, then the outpu ...
... error. Importantly, however, systems of this type do not necessarily account for all of the behavior produced by all animals under all circumstances. If an animal faces an environment in which a strategy of alternating sequentially between two responses yields a reward on every trial, then the outpu ...
Response characteristics of neurons in the pulvinar of awake cats to
... in a 10×10-mm area around the center of the recording cylinder. The electrodes were advanced through the intact dura by a hydraulic microdrive. Signals were conventionally amplified, band-pass filtered, and digitally stored for off-line analysis. Extracellular responses were collected either while t ...
... in a 10×10-mm area around the center of the recording cylinder. The electrodes were advanced through the intact dura by a hydraulic microdrive. Signals were conventionally amplified, band-pass filtered, and digitally stored for off-line analysis. Extracellular responses were collected either while t ...
Glial heterogeneity: the increasing complexity of the brain
... cells, but appear to represent a more versatile cell reservoir in the adult brain. Present-day research provides compelling evidence that a neuron-centered picture of the brain is way too simplistic, indicating that each class of glial cells is much more diverse than commonly thought. Glial cells ap ...
... cells, but appear to represent a more versatile cell reservoir in the adult brain. Present-day research provides compelling evidence that a neuron-centered picture of the brain is way too simplistic, indicating that each class of glial cells is much more diverse than commonly thought. Glial cells ap ...
Emerging roles of Axin in cerebral cortical development
... as well as adhesion with radial glial fibers contribute to the appropriate laminar positioning of neurons. The first line of evidence suggesting that Axin plays a role in neuronal migration came from the effect of Axin overexpression in migrating neurons (Fang et al., 2013). Notably, a substantial n ...
... as well as adhesion with radial glial fibers contribute to the appropriate laminar positioning of neurons. The first line of evidence suggesting that Axin plays a role in neuronal migration came from the effect of Axin overexpression in migrating neurons (Fang et al., 2013). Notably, a substantial n ...
Ultrastructural Characterization of Gerbil Olivocochlear Neurons
... abundant on the surface of the nucleus closest to a dendritic trunk. Silver grains resulting from D-ASP decay were found over both the cytoplasm and nucleoplasm.The cytoplasm of D-ASP OC neuronscontains mostly small, disorderly arrays of rough endoplasmicreticulum, each array containing l-5 cisterna ...
... abundant on the surface of the nucleus closest to a dendritic trunk. Silver grains resulting from D-ASP decay were found over both the cytoplasm and nucleoplasm.The cytoplasm of D-ASP OC neuronscontains mostly small, disorderly arrays of rough endoplasmicreticulum, each array containing l-5 cisterna ...
(2007) The most superficial sublamina of rat superior colluculus
... minimally invasive as possible and allows maintenance of sterile conditions throughout as well as very stable recordings. At the end of the experiment, the cannula was removed and the skin lesion was treated with antibiotic ointment. Because of the microscopic size of the damage area, no sutures wer ...
... minimally invasive as possible and allows maintenance of sterile conditions throughout as well as very stable recordings. At the end of the experiment, the cannula was removed and the skin lesion was treated with antibiotic ointment. Because of the microscopic size of the damage area, no sutures wer ...
Modulation of Inhibitory Synaptic Potentials in the Piriform Cortex
... of membrane potential proportional to the difference from resting potential. This constant has units of milliseconds and is the inverse of the average membrane time constant. In biophysical simulations, the membrane time constant is calculated as the product of membrane resistance and capacitance. T ...
... of membrane potential proportional to the difference from resting potential. This constant has units of milliseconds and is the inverse of the average membrane time constant. In biophysical simulations, the membrane time constant is calculated as the product of membrane resistance and capacitance. T ...
LAB: Nerve Reflexes
... Nerve impulses follow routes through the nervous system called nerve pathways. Some of the simplest nerve pathways consist of little more than two neurons that communicate across a single synapse. A reflex is a relatively simple motor response that does not involve a large number of interneurons (or ...
... Nerve impulses follow routes through the nervous system called nerve pathways. Some of the simplest nerve pathways consist of little more than two neurons that communicate across a single synapse. A reflex is a relatively simple motor response that does not involve a large number of interneurons (or ...
Assembly and Function of Spinal Circuits for Motor Control
... similar degree of subtype diversity (Figure 1b,c). V0 interneurons derive from progenitors expressing the Dbx1 HD protein and can be further subdivided into excitatory V0 interneurons (V0v), inhibitory V0 interneurons (V0d), and a relatively underrepresented group of cholinergic interneurons (V0c) ( ...
... similar degree of subtype diversity (Figure 1b,c). V0 interneurons derive from progenitors expressing the Dbx1 HD protein and can be further subdivided into excitatory V0 interneurons (V0v), inhibitory V0 interneurons (V0d), and a relatively underrepresented group of cholinergic interneurons (V0c) ( ...
Serotonin synthesis, release and reuptake in terminals: a
... mechanism and function on four different levels, genomic, biochemical, electrophysiological, and behavioral, but changes on each level affect function on the other three levels, and this makes the interpretation of experimental and clinical results very difficult. In addition, the brain is not fixed ...
... mechanism and function on four different levels, genomic, biochemical, electrophysiological, and behavioral, but changes on each level affect function on the other three levels, and this makes the interpretation of experimental and clinical results very difficult. In addition, the brain is not fixed ...
Interactions Between the Lateral Hypothalamus and the
... of 1O-30 yA produced an excitation with onset latency of 14 +1.7 msec STD. In order to test the possibility that this excitatory effect was due to activation of fibers of passage, 2 types of experiments were conducted. In the first, the response of LH neurons to electrical stimulation of PAG was mea ...
... of 1O-30 yA produced an excitation with onset latency of 14 +1.7 msec STD. In order to test the possibility that this excitatory effect was due to activation of fibers of passage, 2 types of experiments were conducted. In the first, the response of LH neurons to electrical stimulation of PAG was mea ...