The Time Course and Amplitude of EPSPs Evoked at Synapses
... and the CA3 recording electrode was 1600 pm, and the latency from stimulus to onset of the antidromic action potential was 1.25 msec. This implied a minimum conduction velocity of 1.3 m/set for the axon collateral, and a greater conduction velocity depending on the extent to which it deviated from a ...
... and the CA3 recording electrode was 1600 pm, and the latency from stimulus to onset of the antidromic action potential was 1.25 msec. This implied a minimum conduction velocity of 1.3 m/set for the axon collateral, and a greater conduction velocity depending on the extent to which it deviated from a ...
Aggregation of Sodium Channels during Development and
... camera were turned off to prevent the camera from adjusting for variations in light intensity within and between autoradiographs. A calibration curve was generated by taking pixel intensity measurements for bands obtained with known amounts of the sense strand for each probe. This curve was then aut ...
... camera were turned off to prevent the camera from adjusting for variations in light intensity within and between autoradiographs. A calibration curve was generated by taking pixel intensity measurements for bands obtained with known amounts of the sense strand for each probe. This curve was then aut ...
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... c. Terminal buttons are the most common type of neuron in the nervous system. d. Terminal buttons look like knobby swellings. e. The terminal buttons are found at the end of axons. ANSWER: REFERENCES: ...
... c. Terminal buttons are the most common type of neuron in the nervous system. d. Terminal buttons look like knobby swellings. e. The terminal buttons are found at the end of axons. ANSWER: REFERENCES: ...
Neurons in red nucleus and primary motor cortex exhibit similar
... SE = 180◦ , EE = 270◦ ) was obtained by examining changes in neural activity as a function of perturbation direction in joint-torque space. Directional tuning features were calculated with the plate method, which describes several features of directional tuning without assuming an underlying tuning ...
... SE = 180◦ , EE = 270◦ ) was obtained by examining changes in neural activity as a function of perturbation direction in joint-torque space. Directional tuning features were calculated with the plate method, which describes several features of directional tuning without assuming an underlying tuning ...
Production of nerve growth factor by
... hippocampal cultures were exposed to conditioned media from vehicle (ctrl)- or Ab-treated astrocytes in the presence or absence of blocking antibodies to p75NTR (ap75). After 24 hr, tau phosphorylation was determined by Western blot. NGF represents the levels of tau phosphorylation in hippocampal ne ...
... hippocampal cultures were exposed to conditioned media from vehicle (ctrl)- or Ab-treated astrocytes in the presence or absence of blocking antibodies to p75NTR (ap75). After 24 hr, tau phosphorylation was determined by Western blot. NGF represents the levels of tau phosphorylation in hippocampal ne ...
Effect of Tactile Inputs on Thalamic Responses to Noxious
... excitatory tactile response enhanced the inhibition further (i.e., the impulse counts were further reduced, see Fig. 1) in two units or had an inconsistent/complex effect (Figs. 6 and 7). An example of an excitatory neuronal response to mechanical stimulation of the skin and inhibitory response to C ...
... excitatory tactile response enhanced the inhibition further (i.e., the impulse counts were further reduced, see Fig. 1) in two units or had an inconsistent/complex effect (Figs. 6 and 7). An example of an excitatory neuronal response to mechanical stimulation of the skin and inhibitory response to C ...
Human Biology I - Control and Development
... with a target cell—either another neuron or a cell that does something (such as a muscle cell). The connections between neurons and their target cells are called synapses. ...
... with a target cell—either another neuron or a cell that does something (such as a muscle cell). The connections between neurons and their target cells are called synapses. ...
mechanisms and biological role of thalamocortical oscillations
... 1965) and pyramidal cells constitute 70-80 % of the total number of neocortical neurons (DeFelipe and Farinas 1992). Most of inhibitory synapses are located in the perisomatic region and most of excitatory synapses are located on dendrites and dendrites spines (DeFelipe and Farinas 1992). According ...
... 1965) and pyramidal cells constitute 70-80 % of the total number of neocortical neurons (DeFelipe and Farinas 1992). Most of inhibitory synapses are located in the perisomatic region and most of excitatory synapses are located on dendrites and dendrites spines (DeFelipe and Farinas 1992). According ...
Multimodal Integration in Rostral Fastigial Nucleus Provides an
... After a neuron’s response to eye and head motion had been characterized, we next investigated its sensitivity to neck proprioceptive inputs using four different approaches. First, the monkey’s head was held stationary relative to the earth while its body was sinusoidally (1 Hz, ⫾40°/s) rotated below ...
... After a neuron’s response to eye and head motion had been characterized, we next investigated its sensitivity to neck proprioceptive inputs using four different approaches. First, the monkey’s head was held stationary relative to the earth while its body was sinusoidally (1 Hz, ⫾40°/s) rotated below ...
Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Directly Activates Noradrenergic
... hydrate (400 mg/kg, i.p.) and perfused through the ascending aorta with an ice-cold, oxygenated (low Na/high sucrose) perfusion solution (in mM: 1.9 KCl, 1.2 Na2HPO4, 6 MgCl2, 33 NaHCO3, 20 glucose, and 229 sucrose saturated with 95% O2/5% CO2) (Aghajanian and Rasmussen, 1989). After decapitation, t ...
... hydrate (400 mg/kg, i.p.) and perfused through the ascending aorta with an ice-cold, oxygenated (low Na/high sucrose) perfusion solution (in mM: 1.9 KCl, 1.2 Na2HPO4, 6 MgCl2, 33 NaHCO3, 20 glucose, and 229 sucrose saturated with 95% O2/5% CO2) (Aghajanian and Rasmussen, 1989). After decapitation, t ...
Representing Spatial Relationships in Posterior
... the delay period, a copy object was presented (Fig. 1C,J; Copy). In Series A, the copy object was always centered on the fixation target (Fig. 1C). In Series B, the copy object was offset 4.2 horizontally to the left or right of the fixation target, at random across trials (Fig. 1J). In both series, ...
... the delay period, a copy object was presented (Fig. 1C,J; Copy). In Series A, the copy object was always centered on the fixation target (Fig. 1C). In Series B, the copy object was offset 4.2 horizontally to the left or right of the fixation target, at random across trials (Fig. 1J). In both series, ...
UNC-119 suppresses axon branching
... crossed with unc-119(ed3) to generate EG1322: unc-119(ed3)III; lin15(n765ts) oxIs12 X. We generated an unc-119(e2498)III; lin15(n765ts) oxIs12 X (EG1705) strain and confirmed that the axon outgrowth phenotype of unc-119(e2498) was similar to that of unc119(ed3). The experiments described in this pap ...
... crossed with unc-119(ed3) to generate EG1322: unc-119(ed3)III; lin15(n765ts) oxIs12 X. We generated an unc-119(e2498)III; lin15(n765ts) oxIs12 X (EG1705) strain and confirmed that the axon outgrowth phenotype of unc-119(e2498) was similar to that of unc119(ed3). The experiments described in this pap ...
Encoding and decoding in fMRI
... invoking an abstract linearizing feature space that describes how stimulus, experimental or task variables are nonlinearly mapped into measured activity. We then present a critical comparison of encoding and decoding models that answers several fundamental questions about their relative utility for ...
... invoking an abstract linearizing feature space that describes how stimulus, experimental or task variables are nonlinearly mapped into measured activity. We then present a critical comparison of encoding and decoding models that answers several fundamental questions about their relative utility for ...
kwanPNAS08
... (4, 5), migrate radially and settle within the preplate (PP), where they form the nascent cortical plate (CP) (6). Incoming CP neurons, which split the PP into the marginal zone (MZ) and subplate (SP), are generated sequentially so that early-born neurons occupy the deep layers and later-born neuron ...
... (4, 5), migrate radially and settle within the preplate (PP), where they form the nascent cortical plate (CP) (6). Incoming CP neurons, which split the PP into the marginal zone (MZ) and subplate (SP), are generated sequentially so that early-born neurons occupy the deep layers and later-born neuron ...
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... maximize nearest neighbor similarity or local continuity (e.g., Durbin and Mitchison, 1990; Kaas and Catania, 2002; Kohonen, 1982; Rosa and Tweedale, 2005; Saarinen and Kohonen, 1985). This principle can explain the separation of cortex into discrete areas that emphasize different information domain ...
... maximize nearest neighbor similarity or local continuity (e.g., Durbin and Mitchison, 1990; Kaas and Catania, 2002; Kohonen, 1982; Rosa and Tweedale, 2005; Saarinen and Kohonen, 1985). This principle can explain the separation of cortex into discrete areas that emphasize different information domain ...
Transgenic Mouse Lines Subdivide Medial Vestibular Nucleus
... this study only if they were capable of firing continuously during a 1 s depolarization and if their spike height was ⬎50 mV (45 mV for commissural studies). Analysis was performed as in Sekirnjak and du Lac (2006). For action potential analysis, cells were injected with hyperpolarizing or depolariz ...
... this study only if they were capable of firing continuously during a 1 s depolarization and if their spike height was ⬎50 mV (45 mV for commissural studies). Analysis was performed as in Sekirnjak and du Lac (2006). For action potential analysis, cells were injected with hyperpolarizing or depolariz ...
Parallel Processing of Appetitive Short- and Long
... memory and STM processing involves RUT AC specifically in g neurons, whereas LTM formation involves RUT in ab neurons; (2) MB g neuron output is required to retrieve immediate memory and STM but not LTM, and conversely, ab neuron output is required to retrieve LTM but neither immediate memory nor ST ...
... memory and STM processing involves RUT AC specifically in g neurons, whereas LTM formation involves RUT in ab neurons; (2) MB g neuron output is required to retrieve immediate memory and STM but not LTM, and conversely, ab neuron output is required to retrieve LTM but neither immediate memory nor ST ...
Behavioral and Neural Changes after Gains and Losses of
... were further tested in separate blocks in which the gain, neutral, and loss outcomes were signaled by gray, blue, and orange feedback rings, respectively. After juice delivery, the animal received two to four free tokens at the onset of the next trial. The outcome of the animal’s choice in a given t ...
... were further tested in separate blocks in which the gain, neutral, and loss outcomes were signaled by gray, blue, and orange feedback rings, respectively. After juice delivery, the animal received two to four free tokens at the onset of the next trial. The outcome of the animal’s choice in a given t ...
Analysis of sleep spindles and model of their generation
... produces an output that can be compared with sleep spindles detected in EEG was constructed. The model accounts for the neurophysiological facts known about the system that generates them. In terms of model parameters, possible explanations of the observed properties of sleep spindles and a possible ...
... produces an output that can be compared with sleep spindles detected in EEG was constructed. The model accounts for the neurophysiological facts known about the system that generates them. In terms of model parameters, possible explanations of the observed properties of sleep spindles and a possible ...
University of Birmingham Drosophila neurotrophins reveal a
... Figure 1. Identification of a Drosophila Neurotrophin (A) Bioinformatic searches used to identify DNT1. (B) Sequence-structure alignment of the Cysknot domains of DNT1 and representative neurotrophins: Arrows: b-strands; spirals: a-helices; identical residues are shown in white over red (6 Cys and G ...
... Figure 1. Identification of a Drosophila Neurotrophin (A) Bioinformatic searches used to identify DNT1. (B) Sequence-structure alignment of the Cysknot domains of DNT1 and representative neurotrophins: Arrows: b-strands; spirals: a-helices; identical residues are shown in white over red (6 Cys and G ...
MIrror neuRons based RObot Recognition - LIRA-Lab
... The MIRROR project had two interrelated goals: (i) advancing the understanding of the mechanisms used by the brain to learn and represent gestures and, inter-alia, (ii) building an artificial system that learns to communicate by means of body gestures. We adopted a three-pronged approach based on th ...
... The MIRROR project had two interrelated goals: (i) advancing the understanding of the mechanisms used by the brain to learn and represent gestures and, inter-alia, (ii) building an artificial system that learns to communicate by means of body gestures. We adopted a three-pronged approach based on th ...
Local functions for FMRP in axon growth cone motility and activity
... colocalized with synapsin, were more frequent in WT dendrites than KO. In our quantitative analysis of protrusion density, those having a long and thin morphology were designated as filopodia – spines (Fig. 3A), as done by others (Prange and Murphy, 2001), since it is difficult during this stage of ...
... colocalized with synapsin, were more frequent in WT dendrites than KO. In our quantitative analysis of protrusion density, those having a long and thin morphology were designated as filopodia – spines (Fig. 3A), as done by others (Prange and Murphy, 2001), since it is difficult during this stage of ...
Distinguishing intrinsic from extrinsic factors underlying firing rate
... should lessen the effective change in membrane potential caused by a given increment in synaptic current (due to Ohm’s law) and also lead to an abbreviation in the time course of postsynaptic potentials (due to the decrease in membrane time constant). Theoretically, such decreases in membrane input ...
... should lessen the effective change in membrane potential caused by a given increment in synaptic current (due to Ohm’s law) and also lead to an abbreviation in the time course of postsynaptic potentials (due to the decrease in membrane time constant). Theoretically, such decreases in membrane input ...