Temporal modulation of the dynamics of neuronal networks with
... the dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex (dACC) of monkeys. dACC is thought to trigger behavioral adaptation. We found evidence for (i) high spike count variability and (ii) temporal reliability (favored by temporal correlations) which respectively hindered and favored information transmission when monk ...
... the dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex (dACC) of monkeys. dACC is thought to trigger behavioral adaptation. We found evidence for (i) high spike count variability and (ii) temporal reliability (favored by temporal correlations) which respectively hindered and favored information transmission when monk ...
stereological estimates of dopaminergic, gabaergic and
... (nitro blue tetrazolium chloride/5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl phosphate) phosphatase substrate (Roche) diluted in HP was applied for 2.5 h. The phosphatase reaction was terminated by washing in PBS. Optimal concentrations and incubation times were determined for each riboprobe in preliminary dilution ...
... (nitro blue tetrazolium chloride/5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl phosphate) phosphatase substrate (Roche) diluted in HP was applied for 2.5 h. The phosphatase reaction was terminated by washing in PBS. Optimal concentrations and incubation times were determined for each riboprobe in preliminary dilution ...
Glial cells modulate the synaptic transmission of NTS neurons
... For records of arterial pressure, a femoral artery was catheterized using a catheter tube (PE50; Clay Adams, Parsip- ...
... For records of arterial pressure, a femoral artery was catheterized using a catheter tube (PE50; Clay Adams, Parsip- ...
The Retrotrapezoid Nucleus and Central Chemoreception
... striking contrast to the exquisite sensitivity of the respiratory outflow to pCO2 in vivo. One possible reason for this discrepancy is that CRC requires the participation of specialized pH-responsive neurons (central chemoreceptor neurons) and that the integrity of these cells or their connections t ...
... striking contrast to the exquisite sensitivity of the respiratory outflow to pCO2 in vivo. One possible reason for this discrepancy is that CRC requires the participation of specialized pH-responsive neurons (central chemoreceptor neurons) and that the integrity of these cells or their connections t ...
MMNeuropharm2011
... Experience-dependent changes in synaptic strength, or synaptic plasticity, may underlie many learning processes. In the reward circuit for example, synaptic plasticity may serve as a cellular substrate for goaldirected behaviors. Addictive drugs, through a surge of dopamine released from neurons of ...
... Experience-dependent changes in synaptic strength, or synaptic plasticity, may underlie many learning processes. In the reward circuit for example, synaptic plasticity may serve as a cellular substrate for goaldirected behaviors. Addictive drugs, through a surge of dopamine released from neurons of ...
Coordinated Interaction between Hippocampal Sharp
... Although the analysis above suggests that greater amplitudes of ripple events predict greater postripple firing rates of type I neurons (Fig. 4C), we found that ACC type I neurons did not always increase their firing rates after ripple events. Individual type I neurons had a postripple activation pr ...
... Although the analysis above suggests that greater amplitudes of ripple events predict greater postripple firing rates of type I neurons (Fig. 4C), we found that ACC type I neurons did not always increase their firing rates after ripple events. Individual type I neurons had a postripple activation pr ...
Neuronal representation of visual motion and orientation in the fly
... The retina contains within each ommatidium six outer photoreceptors, R1–R6, and two central ones, R7 and R8. Whereas R1–R6 terminate in the lamina, R7/R8 bypass the lamina and terminate in the medulla (Meinertzhagen and O’Neil, 1991). These two neuropils contain arrays of retinotopically arranged mo ...
... The retina contains within each ommatidium six outer photoreceptors, R1–R6, and two central ones, R7 and R8. Whereas R1–R6 terminate in the lamina, R7/R8 bypass the lamina and terminate in the medulla (Meinertzhagen and O’Neil, 1991). These two neuropils contain arrays of retinotopically arranged mo ...
The Relation between Dendritic Geometry
... allowed the definition of 7 types of dendritic arborization. Thirdly, when dendritic polarity was related to the intrinsic electrical excitability we found that the ratio of frequency adaptation in trains of action potentials (APs) evoked by current injection was correlated with the number of primar ...
... allowed the definition of 7 types of dendritic arborization. Thirdly, when dendritic polarity was related to the intrinsic electrical excitability we found that the ratio of frequency adaptation in trains of action potentials (APs) evoked by current injection was correlated with the number of primar ...
(2012) Prediction of economic choice by primate amygdala neurons
... amygdala neurons and used multiple regression analysis to test for coding of the monkeys’ upcoming save–spend choices before the behavioral responses (Methods). We included several reward value measures as regression covariates and estimated their coefficients simultaneously with choice coefficients. ...
... amygdala neurons and used multiple regression analysis to test for coding of the monkeys’ upcoming save–spend choices before the behavioral responses (Methods). We included several reward value measures as regression covariates and estimated their coefficients simultaneously with choice coefficients. ...
Use of lipophilic dyes in studies of axonal pathfinding in vivo
... details). These injections were repeated during the time window of commissural axon pathfinding. Between stages 25 and 26, after commissural axons had turned into the longitudinal axis to extend along the contralateral floor-plate border, the embryos were sacrificed and fixed for analysis. Making us ...
... details). These injections were repeated during the time window of commissural axon pathfinding. Between stages 25 and 26, after commissural axons had turned into the longitudinal axis to extend along the contralateral floor-plate border, the embryos were sacrificed and fixed for analysis. Making us ...
GABA - International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences
... receptors in all areas of the central nervous system (CNS). GABA acts at inhibitory synapses in the brain by binding to specific transmembrane receptors in the plasma membrane of both pre and postsynaptic neuronal processes. There are three classes of GABA receptors. GABAA and GABAC receptors are io ...
... receptors in all areas of the central nervous system (CNS). GABA acts at inhibitory synapses in the brain by binding to specific transmembrane receptors in the plasma membrane of both pre and postsynaptic neuronal processes. There are three classes of GABA receptors. GABAA and GABAC receptors are io ...
File
... This is a favorite lab of both my undergraduate intro bio students as well as teachers that attend my APSI. It is easy to set-up, inexpensive, and can be used to demonstrate taste perception on a few levels. It is best not to tell them what receptors are affected, but let them discover that on their ...
... This is a favorite lab of both my undergraduate intro bio students as well as teachers that attend my APSI. It is easy to set-up, inexpensive, and can be used to demonstrate taste perception on a few levels. It is best not to tell them what receptors are affected, but let them discover that on their ...
Midbrain fMRI: Applications, Limitations and Challenges
... Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Faculty for Natural Sciences, Otto-von-Guericke University, ...
... Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Faculty for Natural Sciences, Otto-von-Guericke University, ...
Ensemble Patterns of Hippocampal CA3
... that spatial coherence (Bullock et al., 1995) depended on the magnitude of the ripple event; coherence of large amplitude ripples was high (Figures 1Aa and 1B), whereas the small amplitude events remained spatially localized (Figures 1Ad and 1B). The probability that the peaks of larger amplitude ri ...
... that spatial coherence (Bullock et al., 1995) depended on the magnitude of the ripple event; coherence of large amplitude ripples was high (Figures 1Aa and 1B), whereas the small amplitude events remained spatially localized (Figures 1Ad and 1B). The probability that the peaks of larger amplitude ri ...
Critical Time Window of Neuronal Cholesterol Synthesis during
... visualizing SQS on brain sections, we found moderate SQS expression in many cortical neurons in control animals (Fig. 1g), implying ongoing cholesterol biosynthesis. In contrast, mutant neurons completely lacked SQS staining. Astrocytes (identified based on their characteristic morphology), however, ...
... visualizing SQS on brain sections, we found moderate SQS expression in many cortical neurons in control animals (Fig. 1g), implying ongoing cholesterol biosynthesis. In contrast, mutant neurons completely lacked SQS staining. Astrocytes (identified based on their characteristic morphology), however, ...
Extraction of Sensory Parameters from a Neural Map by Primary
... covered with mechanosensory hairs, each of which is innervated with a single sensory neuron. The axons of the sensory neurons project into the terminal abdominal ganglion, located at the caudal end of the abdominal nerve cord. B, An image from the database, showing the outline of the terminal abdomi ...
... covered with mechanosensory hairs, each of which is innervated with a single sensory neuron. The axons of the sensory neurons project into the terminal abdominal ganglion, located at the caudal end of the abdominal nerve cord. B, An image from the database, showing the outline of the terminal abdomi ...
Examination of Rhythmicity of Extracellularly Recorded Neurons in the Entorhinal Cortex
... (2011). First, we computed the autocorrelation of the spike train binned by 0.01 s with lags up to 60.5 s. Without normalization, this may be interpreted as the counts of spikes that occurred in each 0.01 s bin after a previous spike (Fig. 1a). The mean was then subtracted, and the spectrum was calc ...
... (2011). First, we computed the autocorrelation of the spike train binned by 0.01 s with lags up to 60.5 s. Without normalization, this may be interpreted as the counts of spikes that occurred in each 0.01 s bin after a previous spike (Fig. 1a). The mean was then subtracted, and the spectrum was calc ...
Single unit and extracellular firing rate recordings in vivo
... Instruments, USA), filtered between 0.5-10kHz, sampled at 20kHz and analyzed with pClamp8 software (Axon Instruments, USA). The frequency of extracellular action potentials was determined online in bins of 15s duration. Intracellular recordings from TM neurons were obtained using sharp glass microel ...
... Instruments, USA), filtered between 0.5-10kHz, sampled at 20kHz and analyzed with pClamp8 software (Axon Instruments, USA). The frequency of extracellular action potentials was determined online in bins of 15s duration. Intracellular recordings from TM neurons were obtained using sharp glass microel ...
Review. Multiple signaling modalities mediated by dendritic
... that in more than 60% of MCNs, axons arise from a dendrite rather than more conventionally from the soma [10,12]. These axon-bearing dendrites may not only be privileged in their ability to influence spiking initiation and overall neuronal output [13], but they could be in turn more efficiently affe ...
... that in more than 60% of MCNs, axons arise from a dendrite rather than more conventionally from the soma [10,12]. These axon-bearing dendrites may not only be privileged in their ability to influence spiking initiation and overall neuronal output [13], but they could be in turn more efficiently affe ...
Thalamic Circuit Diversity: Modulation of the Driver/Modulator
... FIGURE 2 | Schematic summary of synaptic terminals types and their arrangements in the dorsal thalamus. Class I axons (Guillery, 1966) form small terminals with round vesicles (RS; Guillery, 1969) that are defined as modulators (Sherman and Guillery, 1998). RS terminals that originate from cortex la ...
... FIGURE 2 | Schematic summary of synaptic terminals types and their arrangements in the dorsal thalamus. Class I axons (Guillery, 1966) form small terminals with round vesicles (RS; Guillery, 1969) that are defined as modulators (Sherman and Guillery, 1998). RS terminals that originate from cortex la ...
Multiple signalling modalities mediated by dendritic exocytosis of
... that in more than 60% of MCNs, axons arise from a dendrite rather than more conventionally from the soma [10,12]. These axon-bearing dendrites may not only be privileged in their ability to influence spiking initiation and overall neuronal output [13], but they could be in turn more efficiently affe ...
... that in more than 60% of MCNs, axons arise from a dendrite rather than more conventionally from the soma [10,12]. These axon-bearing dendrites may not only be privileged in their ability to influence spiking initiation and overall neuronal output [13], but they could be in turn more efficiently affe ...
The Dorsal Visual System Predicts Future and Remembers Past Eye
... for predictive remapping of visual activity during saccades in area LIP (Schneegans and Schöner, 2012; Ziesche and Hamker, 2014). To test this hypothesis, we developed a novel approach in which we construct a linear decoder whose output provides a metric representation of eye position, and is comput ...
... for predictive remapping of visual activity during saccades in area LIP (Schneegans and Schöner, 2012; Ziesche and Hamker, 2014). To test this hypothesis, we developed a novel approach in which we construct a linear decoder whose output provides a metric representation of eye position, and is comput ...
Chapter 33 Nervous System
... 33.1 Structure of the Nervous System When a stimulus reaches threshold, channels open in the plasma membrane. Sodium ions are rapidly pumped through these channels causing a temporary change in the electrical charges. More positive charges are now inside the membrane. ...
... 33.1 Structure of the Nervous System When a stimulus reaches threshold, channels open in the plasma membrane. Sodium ions are rapidly pumped through these channels causing a temporary change in the electrical charges. More positive charges are now inside the membrane. ...
Biologically Inspired Adaptive Dynamic Walking of the Quadruped
... by the exor and extensor muscles. Each muscle receives a control signal from an motor neuron at the spinal cord. Shik[5] investigated the motion generation mechanism of a decerebrate cat and found that CPG is located in the spinal cord, and that walking motions are autonomously generated by the n ...
... by the exor and extensor muscles. Each muscle receives a control signal from an motor neuron at the spinal cord. Shik[5] investigated the motion generation mechanism of a decerebrate cat and found that CPG is located in the spinal cord, and that walking motions are autonomously generated by the n ...
Antennal Mechanosensory Neurons Mediate Wing Motor Reflexes
... the subset of these neurons that are driven by the JO-AB or JO-CE GAL4 driver. This intersectional strategy has been used successfully in a previous study to genetically ablate JO neurons (Yorozu et al., 2009). To further validate the selective expression of ricin A and the lack of leaky expression ...
... the subset of these neurons that are driven by the JO-AB or JO-CE GAL4 driver. This intersectional strategy has been used successfully in a previous study to genetically ablate JO neurons (Yorozu et al., 2009). To further validate the selective expression of ricin A and the lack of leaky expression ...