Severely dystrophic axons at amyloid plaques
... Ab release (Lazarov et al., 2002; Sheng et al., 2002) but they are unlikely to be the only sites for either, and it remains unclear how synapse loss relates to the more clearly irreversible steps of axonal interruption and cell death. Blocking axonal transport exacerbates total Ab load (Stokin et al ...
... Ab release (Lazarov et al., 2002; Sheng et al., 2002) but they are unlikely to be the only sites for either, and it remains unclear how synapse loss relates to the more clearly irreversible steps of axonal interruption and cell death. Blocking axonal transport exacerbates total Ab load (Stokin et al ...
5. Third year activities - LIRA-Lab
... are now part of a larger FP6’s integrated project (RobotCub, FP6-004370) which can be seen in many respects as the continuation of MIRROR: that is, the investment of the Commission will not be lost but rather it will be capitalized into this new activity. We expect a complete integration of MIRROR’s ...
... are now part of a larger FP6’s integrated project (RobotCub, FP6-004370) which can be seen in many respects as the continuation of MIRROR: that is, the investment of the Commission will not be lost but rather it will be capitalized into this new activity. We expect a complete integration of MIRROR’s ...
Executive Control Over Cognition: Stronger and Earlier Rule
... anisms that exert executive control over cognitive processing at the level of prefrontal neurons and networks. To characterize the neural mechanisms involved in computational flexibility and executive control over spatial cognitive processing at the network level, we simultaneously recorded neural a ...
... anisms that exert executive control over cognitive processing at the level of prefrontal neurons and networks. To characterize the neural mechanisms involved in computational flexibility and executive control over spatial cognitive processing at the network level, we simultaneously recorded neural a ...
Activity in the Lateral Prefrontal Cortex Reflects Multiple Steps of
... period. We found that 236 out of the 267 neurons were related to the cursor motion, whereas 31 neurons were related to arm movements. We also found that a group of PFC neurons responded to the goal display (n = 61). Others were active after reaching the final goal (n = 81) or after the reward delive ...
... period. We found that 236 out of the 267 neurons were related to the cursor motion, whereas 31 neurons were related to arm movements. We also found that a group of PFC neurons responded to the goal display (n = 61). Others were active after reaching the final goal (n = 81) or after the reward delive ...
Reference frames for representing the location of visual and tactile
... sensory areas, spatial locations are encoded differently in each modality: visual receptive fields (RFs) are anchored to the retina, auditory RFs to the head, and tactile RFs to the skin surface. How does the nervous system cope with this? A standard view is that multisensory neurons integrate infor ...
... sensory areas, spatial locations are encoded differently in each modality: visual receptive fields (RFs) are anchored to the retina, auditory RFs to the head, and tactile RFs to the skin surface. How does the nervous system cope with this? A standard view is that multisensory neurons integrate infor ...
Clonal analysis of the mushroom bodies
... are derived from the same Nb remains to be elucidated (Fig. 1F). Another interesting aspect regarding development of the MB is reorganization of larval MB neurons during metamorphosis (Technau and Heisenberg, 1982). In the CNS, there are three known fates for most larval neurons during metamorphosis ...
... are derived from the same Nb remains to be elucidated (Fig. 1F). Another interesting aspect regarding development of the MB is reorganization of larval MB neurons during metamorphosis (Technau and Heisenberg, 1982). In the CNS, there are three known fates for most larval neurons during metamorphosis ...
On the Role of the Pontine Brainstem in Vocal Pattern Generation: A
... single-unit recording technique that allows simultaneous recording of extracellular single-unit activity and spontaneously uttered vocalizations in freely moving squirrel monkeys (Grohrock et al., 1997; Jürgens and Hage, 2006). In the following, we will describe highly specific vocalizationcorrelat ...
... single-unit recording technique that allows simultaneous recording of extracellular single-unit activity and spontaneously uttered vocalizations in freely moving squirrel monkeys (Grohrock et al., 1997; Jürgens and Hage, 2006). In the following, we will describe highly specific vocalizationcorrelat ...
Nuhoğlu, M., 2009, Simulation Modeling of Body Weight Dynamics
... We perform extensive validation testing of Hall's model by using system dynamics approach to evaluate the validity of the model's causal structure. The validation tests show that the model has realistic behaviors under various dieting regimes. There are a few modi cation areas in which our model di ...
... We perform extensive validation testing of Hall's model by using system dynamics approach to evaluate the validity of the model's causal structure. The validation tests show that the model has realistic behaviors under various dieting regimes. There are a few modi cation areas in which our model di ...
Nicotinic Receptors in Addiction Pathways
... behavioral effects of nicotine, the major psychoactive component of tobacco, have long been known, it was not until the early 1980s that the structure and functions of neuronal nAChRs in the brain were addressed. The identification, by Romano and Goldstein (1980), of stereospecific nicotinebinding s ...
... behavioral effects of nicotine, the major psychoactive component of tobacco, have long been known, it was not until the early 1980s that the structure and functions of neuronal nAChRs in the brain were addressed. The identification, by Romano and Goldstein (1980), of stereospecific nicotinebinding s ...
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... In the following sections of this report there is a description of how the components of the system architecture have been implemented. These modules and models were developed as collaborations between the computational partners of Nancy, Ulm and Sunderland. This was done based on motivation from th ...
... In the following sections of this report there is a description of how the components of the system architecture have been implemented. These modules and models were developed as collaborations between the computational partners of Nancy, Ulm and Sunderland. This was done based on motivation from th ...
Subcircuit-specific neuromodulation in the prefrontal cortex
... categories: (1) pyramidal tract, or PT neurons, and (2) intratelencephalic, or IT neurons (Molnár and Cheung, 2006; Shepherd, 2013). PT neurons project subcortically via the pyramidal tracts projecting to ipsilateral striatum, thalamus, and/or brainstem. PT neurons are located within the infragranul ...
... categories: (1) pyramidal tract, or PT neurons, and (2) intratelencephalic, or IT neurons (Molnár and Cheung, 2006; Shepherd, 2013). PT neurons project subcortically via the pyramidal tracts projecting to ipsilateral striatum, thalamus, and/or brainstem. PT neurons are located within the infragranul ...
During Arm-Reaching and Isometric-Force Tasks
... much less influenced than M1 by external forces during static posture and arm movement (Kalaska and Hyde 1985; Kalaska et al. 1990). Also in contrast to M1, the directionality of movement-dependent and load-dependent response modulations of area 5 neurons were not strongly coupled (Kalaska et al. 19 ...
... much less influenced than M1 by external forces during static posture and arm movement (Kalaska and Hyde 1985; Kalaska et al. 1990). Also in contrast to M1, the directionality of movement-dependent and load-dependent response modulations of area 5 neurons were not strongly coupled (Kalaska et al. 19 ...
PDF version - Richard Andersen
... boring part of the IPL, area 7a. Overall, 409 IPL neurons were the distributions were also similar for both areas (median 2 10 ms in both LIP and 7a). Thus the duration of the S activity is usually isolated in this study. 3. The typical activity of IPL neurons during the delayed-sac- considerably lo ...
... boring part of the IPL, area 7a. Overall, 409 IPL neurons were the distributions were also similar for both areas (median 2 10 ms in both LIP and 7a). Thus the duration of the S activity is usually isolated in this study. 3. The typical activity of IPL neurons during the delayed-sac- considerably lo ...
Complete morphologies of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons in
... The coverage factor for forebrain cholinergic axon arbors—defined as the number of arbor territories that encompass any arbitrary point in the cortex and hippocampus—can be calculated based on a mean volume of 1.35 mm3 for axon arbor territories at P30 (n = 4; Figure 4F), a total volume of 130 mm3 f ...
... The coverage factor for forebrain cholinergic axon arbors—defined as the number of arbor territories that encompass any arbitrary point in the cortex and hippocampus—can be calculated based on a mean volume of 1.35 mm3 for axon arbor territories at P30 (n = 4; Figure 4F), a total volume of 130 mm3 f ...
Fluoxetine and hyperforin appear to act like a
... neurotransmitter (Di Carlo, 2001). Our study was to determine if another SSRI, fluoxetine, had similar effects on glutamate reuptake inhibition as hyperforin. We first examined the effects of the known glutamate reuptake inhibitor, aminocaproic acid, in order to establish a framework through which t ...
... neurotransmitter (Di Carlo, 2001). Our study was to determine if another SSRI, fluoxetine, had similar effects on glutamate reuptake inhibition as hyperforin. We first examined the effects of the known glutamate reuptake inhibitor, aminocaproic acid, in order to establish a framework through which t ...
Controlling gene expression with the Q repressible binary
... Application of Q system in various tissues We expressed QF in body-wall muscles of QUAS
... Application of Q system in various tissues We expressed QF in body-wall muscles of QUAS
Regulation of thalamocortical axon branching by BDNF and synaptic vesicle cycling
... Frontiers in Neural Circuits, (7), 202. ...
... Frontiers in Neural Circuits, (7), 202. ...
View PDF - MRC Brain Network Dynamics Unit
... tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) as the chromogen was then performed to reveal the NB-filled neuron (Doig et al., 2010). Sections were placed for 20 min in a preincubation solution containing the following: 80 ml of 0.1 M PB, pH 6.0, 4 ml of ammonium paratungstate (1% in deionized H2O), 1 ml of TMB (catal ...
... tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) as the chromogen was then performed to reveal the NB-filled neuron (Doig et al., 2010). Sections were placed for 20 min in a preincubation solution containing the following: 80 ml of 0.1 M PB, pH 6.0, 4 ml of ammonium paratungstate (1% in deionized H2O), 1 ml of TMB (catal ...
ANALYSIS OF THE ACTIVITY OF THE CHAINS
... of the different axons. The number and complexity of central pathways ar‘e best described by saying that, with but few exceptions, at least one pathway can be found connecting any two central neurons in a .manner so that an impulse may be conducted from one to the other neuron in the direction of ax ...
... of the different axons. The number and complexity of central pathways ar‘e best described by saying that, with but few exceptions, at least one pathway can be found connecting any two central neurons in a .manner so that an impulse may be conducted from one to the other neuron in the direction of ax ...
Saccades and multisaccadic gaze shifts are gated by different
... We used glass microelectrodes filled with 3.8 M NaCl and bevelled to tip diameters of 1.5–2.0 µm and resistances of 1.5–2.0 M. Only perisomatic extracellular recordings were retained for the study. We identified them by triphasic spikes with a negative main component that could be monitored over a d ...
... We used glass microelectrodes filled with 3.8 M NaCl and bevelled to tip diameters of 1.5–2.0 µm and resistances of 1.5–2.0 M. Only perisomatic extracellular recordings were retained for the study. We identified them by triphasic spikes with a negative main component that could be monitored over a d ...
PDF reprint - UC Davis Mathematics
... nations of electrical and inhibitory coupling affect dynamics in neuronal networks. We focus on cell-pairs, because in vitro cell-pair recordings (Gibson et al., 1999; Galarreta and Hestrin, 1999; Tamás et al., 2000) provide a direct experimental analog to our model (see Discussion). We can therefo ...
... nations of electrical and inhibitory coupling affect dynamics in neuronal networks. We focus on cell-pairs, because in vitro cell-pair recordings (Gibson et al., 1999; Galarreta and Hestrin, 1999; Tamás et al., 2000) provide a direct experimental analog to our model (see Discussion). We can therefo ...
Hypergravity hinders axonal development of motor neurons
... density in the hindlimb area of the motor cortex in the brains of rats that were aboard a space mission for 16 days (DeFelipe et al., 2002). Alterations in gravity could also affect the development of neuronal projections. In hypergravity conditions, 150G force induced neuron-like cell differentiat ...
... density in the hindlimb area of the motor cortex in the brains of rats that were aboard a space mission for 16 days (DeFelipe et al., 2002). Alterations in gravity could also affect the development of neuronal projections. In hypergravity conditions, 150G force induced neuron-like cell differentiat ...
Excitatory and Inhibitory Vestibular Pathways to the Extraocular
... possibly because this order exhibits robust oculomotor performance with eye movements comparable with those observed in mammals (Easter 1972; Pastor et al. 1992; Schairer and Bennett 1986). In the goldfish, neurons within the vestibular complex, notably the anterior, descending, and tangential octav ...
... possibly because this order exhibits robust oculomotor performance with eye movements comparable with those observed in mammals (Easter 1972; Pastor et al. 1992; Schairer and Bennett 1986). In the goldfish, neurons within the vestibular complex, notably the anterior, descending, and tangential octav ...
Reflex Testing in The Laboratory
... diagram) detects this stimulus and sends the input to the cord, 3) the information crosses one synapse (mono-synaptic) to a motor neuron that sends output to the spindle (green coil in diagram) and the muscle contracts. That's on the monosynaptic stretch reflex side. Remember, though, that muscles o ...
... diagram) detects this stimulus and sends the input to the cord, 3) the information crosses one synapse (mono-synaptic) to a motor neuron that sends output to the spindle (green coil in diagram) and the muscle contracts. That's on the monosynaptic stretch reflex side. Remember, though, that muscles o ...