Reflex Testing in The Laboratory
... diagram) detects this stimulus and sends the input to the cord, 3) the information crosses one synapse (mono-synaptic) to a motor neuron that sends output to the spindle (green coil in diagram) and the muscle contracts. That's on the monosynaptic stretch reflex side. Remember, though, that muscles o ...
... diagram) detects this stimulus and sends the input to the cord, 3) the information crosses one synapse (mono-synaptic) to a motor neuron that sends output to the spindle (green coil in diagram) and the muscle contracts. That's on the monosynaptic stretch reflex side. Remember, though, that muscles o ...
Role of the Indirect Pathway of the Basal Ganglia
... The decision time is defined as the time interval between the start of the sensory input to the cortex and the onset of activity in an SC unit, SCe, representing a saccadic burst, where the subscript “e” is either L or R, corresponding to the population that becomes active. The decision threshold is ...
... The decision time is defined as the time interval between the start of the sensory input to the cortex and the onset of activity in an SC unit, SCe, representing a saccadic burst, where the subscript “e” is either L or R, corresponding to the population that becomes active. The decision threshold is ...
Poly(A) Binding Protein Nuclear 1 regulates the
... bioRxiv preprint first posted online Mar. 27, 2017; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/121194. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. ...
... bioRxiv preprint first posted online Mar. 27, 2017; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/121194. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. ...
Comparative neuronal morphology of the
... reconstructed relative to those in the neocortex and hippocampus (Halavi et al., 2012). In fact, it is revealing that, of the 10,004 digital reconstructions currently in the online repository at Neuromorpho.org, only 24 are cerebellar neurons (as opposed to 5405 cerebral cortex neurons). In terms of ...
... reconstructed relative to those in the neocortex and hippocampus (Halavi et al., 2012). In fact, it is revealing that, of the 10,004 digital reconstructions currently in the online repository at Neuromorpho.org, only 24 are cerebellar neurons (as opposed to 5405 cerebral cortex neurons). In terms of ...
Response Differences in Monkey TE and Perirhinal Cortex: Stimulus
... patterns used in the DMS trials and the visual cues. Some response properties such as DMS pattern-related stimulus selectivity were similar. However, TE and perirhinal neurons also show strikingly different response properties. The latency distribution of perirhinal responses is centered 66 ms later ...
... patterns used in the DMS trials and the visual cues. Some response properties such as DMS pattern-related stimulus selectivity were similar. However, TE and perirhinal neurons also show strikingly different response properties. The latency distribution of perirhinal responses is centered 66 ms later ...
cortical limbic system: a computational model. PhD thesis. htt
... science fuelled and motivated me when I was exhausted from hitting walls. I would also like to thank John Williamson, who always invested time and effort in me, for his assistance during my undergraduate and postgraduate years and for the many times he fed and watered me. I am grateful to Professor ...
... science fuelled and motivated me when I was exhausted from hitting walls. I would also like to thank John Williamson, who always invested time and effort in me, for his assistance during my undergraduate and postgraduate years and for the many times he fed and watered me. I am grateful to Professor ...
Coincidence Detection or Temporal Integration?
... and Zador, 1998; Harsch and Robinson, 2000; Salinas and Sejnowski, 2000), other evidence suggests that cortical discharge patterns reflect the time-dependent integration of excitatory and inhibitory inputs (Bernander et al., 1991; Reich et al., 1997; Troyer and Miller, 1997; Shadlen and Newsome, 199 ...
... and Zador, 1998; Harsch and Robinson, 2000; Salinas and Sejnowski, 2000), other evidence suggests that cortical discharge patterns reflect the time-dependent integration of excitatory and inhibitory inputs (Bernander et al., 1991; Reich et al., 1997; Troyer and Miller, 1997; Shadlen and Newsome, 199 ...
Chapter 02: Biopsychology, Neuroscience, and Human Nature
... Correct. Those members of a species that successfully passed their genes to the next generation were considered the most successful members of the species in Darwin's theory. e. the uniqueness of the species. ...
... Correct. Those members of a species that successfully passed their genes to the next generation were considered the most successful members of the species in Darwin's theory. e. the uniqueness of the species. ...
A compensatory subpopulation of motor neurons in a mouse model
... shows that individual motor neurons simultaneously withdraw some branches while enlarging others to expand their synaptic connections (Keller-Peck et al., 2001; Walsh and Lichtman, 2003). It is also possible, however, that some subset of motor neurons is particularly susceptible to the disease where ...
... shows that individual motor neurons simultaneously withdraw some branches while enlarging others to expand their synaptic connections (Keller-Peck et al., 2001; Walsh and Lichtman, 2003). It is also possible, however, that some subset of motor neurons is particularly susceptible to the disease where ...
Alexander et al., 2009
... discovered neuronal contacts across the brain could be parsed based on the unique gene expression profiles of each cell type in a given brain region; this made genetic-targeting strategies a perfect entry point for investigating neural circuit function. Yet tools capable of inferring spatiotemporal ...
... discovered neuronal contacts across the brain could be parsed based on the unique gene expression profiles of each cell type in a given brain region; this made genetic-targeting strategies a perfect entry point for investigating neural circuit function. Yet tools capable of inferring spatiotemporal ...
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... understood type of rhythmicity in this system, in part because they can be enhanced by anesthetics such as barbiturates (8, 81). The thalamic origin of spindles was first suggested by Bishop (28), who observed the suppression of rhythmic activity in the cortex after sectioning connections with the t ...
... understood type of rhythmicity in this system, in part because they can be enhanced by anesthetics such as barbiturates (8, 81). The thalamic origin of spindles was first suggested by Bishop (28), who observed the suppression of rhythmic activity in the cortex after sectioning connections with the t ...
Artificial Neural Network in Drug Delivery and Pharmaceutical
... Abstract: Artificial neural networks (ANNs) technology models the pattern recognition capabilities of the neural networks of the brain. Similarly to a single neuron in the brain, artificial neuron unit receives inputs from many external sources, processes them, and makes decisions. Interestingly, AN ...
... Abstract: Artificial neural networks (ANNs) technology models the pattern recognition capabilities of the neural networks of the brain. Similarly to a single neuron in the brain, artificial neuron unit receives inputs from many external sources, processes them, and makes decisions. Interestingly, AN ...
Sound processing by local neural populations in the
... twice as high as those of virgins, and higher-order correlations were much more dominant. These results reveal a novel, purely network-level functional plasticity mechanism in AC, associated with a dramatic yet natural change in the state and experience of the animal. Overall, my research is the fir ...
... twice as high as those of virgins, and higher-order correlations were much more dominant. These results reveal a novel, purely network-level functional plasticity mechanism in AC, associated with a dramatic yet natural change in the state and experience of the animal. Overall, my research is the fir ...
Representation of Behavioral Tactics and Tactics
... interval following the cue onset as the cue period. If the firing rate in that period was significantly greater ( p ⬍ 0.01 by Mann–Whitney test) than in the control period (500 ms preceding the cue onset), we defined such activity as cue-responsive. Delay period activity. We calculated the firing ra ...
... interval following the cue onset as the cue period. If the firing rate in that period was significantly greater ( p ⬍ 0.01 by Mann–Whitney test) than in the control period (500 ms preceding the cue onset), we defined such activity as cue-responsive. Delay period activity. We calculated the firing ra ...
Chapter 02: Biopsychology, Neuroscience, and Human Nature
... Answer: c. efferent neurons. 34. Every one of your actions arises from a. neural impulses delivered from your sensory neurons to your brain. b. neural impulses from the brain delivered to your muscles. Correct. Your physical actions are a result of the communication from your brain to your muscles. ...
... Answer: c. efferent neurons. 34. Every one of your actions arises from a. neural impulses delivered from your sensory neurons to your brain. b. neural impulses from the brain delivered to your muscles. Correct. Your physical actions are a result of the communication from your brain to your muscles. ...
Sample
... Answer: c. efferent neurons. 34. Every one of your actions arises from a. neural impulses delivered from your sensory neurons to your brain. b. neural impulses from the brain delivered to your muscles. Correct. Your physical actions are a result of the communication from your brain to your muscles. ...
... Answer: c. efferent neurons. 34. Every one of your actions arises from a. neural impulses delivered from your sensory neurons to your brain. b. neural impulses from the brain delivered to your muscles. Correct. Your physical actions are a result of the communication from your brain to your muscles. ...
stimulus conditions area MT of the macaque monkey under matched
... trial. Trials in which fixation was not maintained within an invisible 2 ⫻ 2-deg box were discarded. The receptive field was mapped using automated methods (Hartmann et al. 2011; Krekelberg and Albright 2005) and used to center the stimulus on the receptive field. We first mapped the direction tunin ...
... trial. Trials in which fixation was not maintained within an invisible 2 ⫻ 2-deg box were discarded. The receptive field was mapped using automated methods (Hartmann et al. 2011; Krekelberg and Albright 2005) and used to center the stimulus on the receptive field. We first mapped the direction tunin ...
Autonomous and nonautonomous functions for Hox/Pbx in
... anterior/posterior axis, and presumptive facial motor neurons are still located in r4, having failed to migrate from their birthplace into more posterior rhombomeres, as late as 6 –7 days postfertilization (dpf) when the embryos die of multiple defects (data not shown). Cell bodies in r4 migrate lat ...
... anterior/posterior axis, and presumptive facial motor neurons are still located in r4, having failed to migrate from their birthplace into more posterior rhombomeres, as late as 6 –7 days postfertilization (dpf) when the embryos die of multiple defects (data not shown). Cell bodies in r4 migrate lat ...
Disentangling pleasure from incentive salience and
... of the NAc. (A) Neural firing in the VP was increased to the incentive CS+2 but never to the predictive CS+1 after either DAMGO (red line) or amphetamine (green) microinjections in the NAc compared with after vehicle (gray line). For each neuron, firing rate in sequential 0.5-s time windows was calcul ...
... of the NAc. (A) Neural firing in the VP was increased to the incentive CS+2 but never to the predictive CS+1 after either DAMGO (red line) or amphetamine (green) microinjections in the NAc compared with after vehicle (gray line). For each neuron, firing rate in sequential 0.5-s time windows was calcul ...
the functional properties of the light
... system, for it is known to receive convergent inputs from both the geniculostriate and the collicular portions of the visual system. The striate and the prestriate areas are believed to project upon the inferior parietal lobule over a multiple-stage, transcortical system. Area 7 also receives and pr ...
... system, for it is known to receive convergent inputs from both the geniculostriate and the collicular portions of the visual system. The striate and the prestriate areas are believed to project upon the inferior parietal lobule over a multiple-stage, transcortical system. Area 7 also receives and pr ...
Table of Contents
... position (White et al., 1986). The RMEs send outputs to contralateral muscles of the head. It is possible that bending of the head during foraging activates stretch receptors in the SMB and SAA neurons, which then activate an RME neuron, which in turn relaxes the muscles on the opposite side of the ...
... position (White et al., 1986). The RMEs send outputs to contralateral muscles of the head. It is possible that bending of the head during foraging activates stretch receptors in the SMB and SAA neurons, which then activate an RME neuron, which in turn relaxes the muscles on the opposite side of the ...
Clarke`s column neurons as the focus of a corticospinal corollary circuit
... neurons nucleate local spinal corollary circuits that are relevant to motor planning and evaluation. The coordination of movement depends on proprioceptive sensory signals that convey the state of muscle activity and body position to motor command centers in the CNS1. Proprioceptive afferent input f ...
... neurons nucleate local spinal corollary circuits that are relevant to motor planning and evaluation. The coordination of movement depends on proprioceptive sensory signals that convey the state of muscle activity and body position to motor command centers in the CNS1. Proprioceptive afferent input f ...
The largest growth cones in the animal kingdom
... examine neurons under controllable and experimentally malleable conditions. Theoretically, this means in cell culture the precise extracellular environment to which the neurons are exposed is known and therefore allows for the direct assessment of defined variables on various neuronal parameters. Fo ...
... examine neurons under controllable and experimentally malleable conditions. Theoretically, this means in cell culture the precise extracellular environment to which the neurons are exposed is known and therefore allows for the direct assessment of defined variables on various neuronal parameters. Fo ...
Vol 431 No 7010 pp723-882
... disorders. In the past decade, biological findings on dopamine function have been infused with concepts taken from computational theories of reinforcement learning. These more abstract approaches have now been applied to describe the biological algorithms at play in our brains when we form value jud ...
... disorders. In the past decade, biological findings on dopamine function have been infused with concepts taken from computational theories of reinforcement learning. These more abstract approaches have now been applied to describe the biological algorithms at play in our brains when we form value jud ...