NAlab08_DescMotor
... gyrus. This area is important in the execution of movments. Area 4 lesions produce weakness. Area 6 is a premotor region that includes several somatotopically organized components. One of these is the supplementary motor area (SMA) located in the most dorsomedial part of area 6. This area is thought ...
... gyrus. This area is important in the execution of movments. Area 4 lesions produce weakness. Area 6 is a premotor region that includes several somatotopically organized components. One of these is the supplementary motor area (SMA) located in the most dorsomedial part of area 6. This area is thought ...
Chapter 1 - Laboratory Animal Boards Study Group
... “an aversive sensory, emotional experience representing an awareness by the animal of damage or threat to the integrity of its tissues; it changes the animal’s physiology and behavior to reduce or avoid damage, reduce the likelihood of recurrence, and to promote recovery; non-functional pain occurs ...
... “an aversive sensory, emotional experience representing an awareness by the animal of damage or threat to the integrity of its tissues; it changes the animal’s physiology and behavior to reduce or avoid damage, reduce the likelihood of recurrence, and to promote recovery; non-functional pain occurs ...
11_16_15- Day 1 - Kenwood Academy High School
... Behaviors can be made automatic. Our senses (hearing, olfaction, taste, sight, touch) do not work in isolation. Reflexes are different from responses. There are different stages of sleep. The left side of your brain controls the right side of your body. Neurons are lost (die) before you are born Cer ...
... Behaviors can be made automatic. Our senses (hearing, olfaction, taste, sight, touch) do not work in isolation. Reflexes are different from responses. There are different stages of sleep. The left side of your brain controls the right side of your body. Neurons are lost (die) before you are born Cer ...
Slide ()
... The motor circuit for horizontal saccades. A. Eye velocity component. Long-lead burst neurons relay signals from higher centers to the excitatory burst neurons. The eye velocity component arises from excitatory burst neurons in the paramedian pontine reticular formation that synapse on motor neurons ...
... The motor circuit for horizontal saccades. A. Eye velocity component. Long-lead burst neurons relay signals from higher centers to the excitatory burst neurons. The eye velocity component arises from excitatory burst neurons in the paramedian pontine reticular formation that synapse on motor neurons ...
Chapter 2: Introduction to Physiology of Perception
... – This negative charge of the neuron relative to its surroundings is the resting potential ...
... – This negative charge of the neuron relative to its surroundings is the resting potential ...
Spikes, Local Field Potentials, and How to Model Both
... Spikes effectively described by probability but are point processes and require different techniques Logistic Regression (and other GLMs) for spikes. Kolmogorov Smirnov test for goodness of fit Rigorous model identification is important to determine the importance of different covariates. This can b ...
... Spikes effectively described by probability but are point processes and require different techniques Logistic Regression (and other GLMs) for spikes. Kolmogorov Smirnov test for goodness of fit Rigorous model identification is important to determine the importance of different covariates. This can b ...
Motor System & Behavior
... activity in the motor system. • Without the motor system, we could experience sensation, think, reason, problem solve, read, write, and do mental math, but we would not be able to communicate our thoughts and abilities to anyone. ...
... activity in the motor system. • Without the motor system, we could experience sensation, think, reason, problem solve, read, write, and do mental math, but we would not be able to communicate our thoughts and abilities to anyone. ...
Integrate-and-Fire Neurons and Networks
... and η, about ninety percent of the firing times of the Hodgkin-Huxley model with time dependent input can be correctly predicted by the SRM, with a precision of ±2 ms (Kistler et al., 1997). Moreover the spatial structure of neurons with linear dendritic tree can be incorporated by an appropriate ch ...
... and η, about ninety percent of the firing times of the Hodgkin-Huxley model with time dependent input can be correctly predicted by the SRM, with a precision of ±2 ms (Kistler et al., 1997). Moreover the spatial structure of neurons with linear dendritic tree can be incorporated by an appropriate ch ...
TalkHumaine_grandjean
... The responses of neurons are higher when multimodal spatial stimuli occur compared to unimodal stimulus or the sum of unimodal stimuli. When the spatial occurrence of stimuli are disparate these neurons do not discharge or show a decrease of spontaneous activity. The temporal rule: Apparently time i ...
... The responses of neurons are higher when multimodal spatial stimuli occur compared to unimodal stimulus or the sum of unimodal stimuli. When the spatial occurrence of stimuli are disparate these neurons do not discharge or show a decrease of spontaneous activity. The temporal rule: Apparently time i ...
Chapter 16: The Autonomic System and Higher
... B. All are polysynaptic, can be long or short 1. Long reflexes coordinate activities of entire organs, involves CNS 2. Short reflexes bypass CNS and control activity in one small part of organ C. Examples of Visceral Reflexes Table 16-4 ...
... B. All are polysynaptic, can be long or short 1. Long reflexes coordinate activities of entire organs, involves CNS 2. Short reflexes bypass CNS and control activity in one small part of organ C. Examples of Visceral Reflexes Table 16-4 ...
Peripheral nerve injuries
... Classification by Location of Injury • Spinal root avulsions are treated very different than peripheral lacerations • Muscle Belly avulsions – Possible nerve transfer with implantation into the muscle – Spinal root = Nerve transfer or tendon transfer ...
... Classification by Location of Injury • Spinal root avulsions are treated very different than peripheral lacerations • Muscle Belly avulsions – Possible nerve transfer with implantation into the muscle – Spinal root = Nerve transfer or tendon transfer ...
NG2 cells response to axonal alteration in the spinal cord white
... phenomenon in neurodegenerative diseases, without obvious signs of motor dysfunction in the early stage. They thus serve as a model for investigation of the temporal relationship between the neuronal aggregates and glial activation (another common phenomenon in neurodegeneration diseases) [3]. Three ...
... phenomenon in neurodegenerative diseases, without obvious signs of motor dysfunction in the early stage. They thus serve as a model for investigation of the temporal relationship between the neuronal aggregates and glial activation (another common phenomenon in neurodegeneration diseases) [3]. Three ...
Chapter 2 Functional Neuroanatomy
... Source: From Neil R. Carlson, Physiology of Behavior, 5th edition, p. 23. Copyright # 1994 by Allyn and Bacon. Reprinted with permission ...
... Source: From Neil R. Carlson, Physiology of Behavior, 5th edition, p. 23. Copyright # 1994 by Allyn and Bacon. Reprinted with permission ...
Full text
... under study were considered, as described previously in the rat [34]). The distribution pattern of retrogradely labeled MLD motoneurons in the pig is in line with those described for perikarya innervating the lateral longissimus and quadratus lumborum muscle in hamster [17] and the extensors of the ...
... under study were considered, as described previously in the rat [34]). The distribution pattern of retrogradely labeled MLD motoneurons in the pig is in line with those described for perikarya innervating the lateral longissimus and quadratus lumborum muscle in hamster [17] and the extensors of the ...
Time constants
... One property of neurons which survives averaging over ~108 cells is the signal filtering that occurs as a result of synaptic transmission. This filtering is a product of two factors: (i) the passive electrical properties of the neuron, and (ii) the ion channel and neurotransmitter kinetics. ...
... One property of neurons which survives averaging over ~108 cells is the signal filtering that occurs as a result of synaptic transmission. This filtering is a product of two factors: (i) the passive electrical properties of the neuron, and (ii) the ion channel and neurotransmitter kinetics. ...
CHAPTER 48 NEURONS, SYNAPSES, AND SIGNALING Learning
... 8. Explain the role of the sodium-potassium pump in maintaining the resting potential. 9. Explain why the electrical potential across the membrane prevents the build-up of negative charge from increasing indefinitely. 10. Explain how the Nernst equation may be used to calculate EK, the equilibrium p ...
... 8. Explain the role of the sodium-potassium pump in maintaining the resting potential. 9. Explain why the electrical potential across the membrane prevents the build-up of negative charge from increasing indefinitely. 10. Explain how the Nernst equation may be used to calculate EK, the equilibrium p ...
Document
... • Sweat glands in skin • Arrector muscles of hair • ALL vascular smooth muscle » Sympathetic system is distributed to essentially all tissues (because of vascular smooth muscle) » Parasympathetic system never reaches limbs or wall (except for external genitalia) ...
... • Sweat glands in skin • Arrector muscles of hair • ALL vascular smooth muscle » Sympathetic system is distributed to essentially all tissues (because of vascular smooth muscle) » Parasympathetic system never reaches limbs or wall (except for external genitalia) ...
Neutrophil Contribution in Facilitating Optic Nerve Regeneration
... the responsible mechanisms. Why one RGC type preferentially regenerates is unclear, but it is possible that different types of RGCs express different levels or combinations of receptors for oncomodulin or other unidentified regeneration-inducing factors. In the future, comprehensive analyses of onco ...
... the responsible mechanisms. Why one RGC type preferentially regenerates is unclear, but it is possible that different types of RGCs express different levels or combinations of receptors for oncomodulin or other unidentified regeneration-inducing factors. In the future, comprehensive analyses of onco ...
Basic principles of attention and decision
... • Tasks demanding overt attention make difficult to disentangle attention and motor action • Firing rate correlates with accumulation of sensory evidence LIP represents a final stage for the selection of specific courses of action, dynamically incorporating information (even at 0%!) Gottlieb and B ...
... • Tasks demanding overt attention make difficult to disentangle attention and motor action • Firing rate correlates with accumulation of sensory evidence LIP represents a final stage for the selection of specific courses of action, dynamically incorporating information (even at 0%!) Gottlieb and B ...
Rheobase
Rheobase is a measure of membrane excitability. In neuroscience, rheobase is the minimal current amplitude of infinite duration (in a practical sense, about 300 milliseconds) that results in the depolarization threshold of the cell membranes being reached, such as an action potential or the contraction of a muscle. In Greek, the root ""rhe"" translates to current or flow, and ""basi"" means bottom or foundation: thus the rheobase is the minimum current that will produce an action potential or muscle contraction.Rheobase can be best understood in the context of the strength-duration relationship (Fig. 1). The ease with which a membrane can be stimulated depends on two variables: the strength of the stimulus, and the duration for which the stimulus is applied. These variables are inversely related: as the strength of the applied current increases, the time required to stimulate the membrane decreases (and vice versa) to maintain a constant effect. Mathematically, rheobase is equivalent to half the current that needs to be applied for the duration of chronaxie, which is a strength-duration time constant that corresponds to the duration of time that elicits a response when the nerve is stimulated at twice rheobasic strength.The strength-duration curve was first discovered by G. Weiss in 1901, but it was not until 1909 that Louis Lapicque coined the term ""rheobase"". Many studies are being conducted in relation to rheobase values and the dynamic changes throughout maturation and between different nerve fibers. In the past strength-duration curves and rheobase determinations were used to assess nerve injury; today, they play a role in clinical identification of many neurological pathologies, including as Diabetic neuropathy, CIDP, Machado-Joseph Disease, and ALS.