III./2.2.: The pathology and etiology of headaches III./2.2.1.: Anatomy
... III./2.2.2.: The pathomechanism of migraine During migraine attacks, the jugular concentration of CGRP is significantly increased, whereas the concentration of substance P, VIP and neuropeptide-Y is unchanged. This phenomenon was observed in both major types of migraine (migraine with and without au ...
... III./2.2.2.: The pathomechanism of migraine During migraine attacks, the jugular concentration of CGRP is significantly increased, whereas the concentration of substance P, VIP and neuropeptide-Y is unchanged. This phenomenon was observed in both major types of migraine (migraine with and without au ...
File
... Anterior view showing spinal cord, associated nerves, and vertebrae. The dorsal and ventral roots arise medially as rootlets and join laterally to form the spinal nerve. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
... Anterior view showing spinal cord, associated nerves, and vertebrae. The dorsal and ventral roots arise medially as rootlets and join laterally to form the spinal nerve. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
Nervous System - Neurons
... does it have, how is acetylcholine removed from the synaptic cleft What is the cause and effect of Myasthenia gravis ...
... does it have, how is acetylcholine removed from the synaptic cleft What is the cause and effect of Myasthenia gravis ...
On the Role of Biophysical Properties of Cortical Neurons in Binding
... potential or slightly lower. This opens the possibility that inhibition acts in a multiplicative fashion and not in a subtractive one, as assumed here. Nevertheless, detailed simulations have shown that in active neurons of this type, inhibition is effectively subtractive (Holt & Koch, 1997). In sum ...
... potential or slightly lower. This opens the possibility that inhibition acts in a multiplicative fashion and not in a subtractive one, as assumed here. Nevertheless, detailed simulations have shown that in active neurons of this type, inhibition is effectively subtractive (Holt & Koch, 1997). In sum ...
Nervous System - Neurons
... does it have, how is acetylcholine removed from the synaptic cleft What is the cause and effect of Myasthenia gravis ...
... does it have, how is acetylcholine removed from the synaptic cleft What is the cause and effect of Myasthenia gravis ...
Document
... • Usually there is only one unbranched axon per neuron • Rare branches, if present, are called axon collaterals ...
... • Usually there is only one unbranched axon per neuron • Rare branches, if present, are called axon collaterals ...
Nasopharynx - mums.ac.ir
... – Some patients present with minimal nasal symptoms, but complain of otalgia or decreased hearing due to eustachian tube obstruction from the mass. – A majority of the patients present with a mass in the neck, and in some patients this is the only complaint. ...
... – Some patients present with minimal nasal symptoms, but complain of otalgia or decreased hearing due to eustachian tube obstruction from the mass. – A majority of the patients present with a mass in the neck, and in some patients this is the only complaint. ...
Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potentials
... used. Hyperthermia has unclear effects on BAEP waveforms. Numerous toxins and medications affect BAEPs. Ethanol intoxication prolongs both absolute and interpeak latencies without affecting amplitude; ethanol withdrawal has unclear effects. Barbiturates, benzodiazepines, chloral hydrate, and most an ...
... used. Hyperthermia has unclear effects on BAEP waveforms. Numerous toxins and medications affect BAEPs. Ethanol intoxication prolongs both absolute and interpeak latencies without affecting amplitude; ethanol withdrawal has unclear effects. Barbiturates, benzodiazepines, chloral hydrate, and most an ...
NERVE INJURIES OF THE LOWER EXTREMITY STACY RUDNICKI, MD ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR OF
... • He is otherwise healthy, though over the last 2 years, he has gained 30 pounds because he can’t find time to exercise ...
... • He is otherwise healthy, though over the last 2 years, he has gained 30 pounds because he can’t find time to exercise ...
Investigating neural correlates of conscious perception by frequency
... FIG. 1. (Upper Left) High-resolution power-frequency spectra for steady-state evoked potentials recorded over an anterior channel (128) and over a posterior channel (103) during rivalry trials (subject O.S.). Note the sharp peak at 7.41 Hz (f1), the flicker frequency of s1, as well as at 8.33 Hz (f2 ...
... FIG. 1. (Upper Left) High-resolution power-frequency spectra for steady-state evoked potentials recorded over an anterior channel (128) and over a posterior channel (103) during rivalry trials (subject O.S.). Note the sharp peak at 7.41 Hz (f1), the flicker frequency of s1, as well as at 8.33 Hz (f2 ...
14. Assessment of the nervous system
... innervation except the mimic muscles and tongue muscles that have unilateral innervation from the opposite hemisphere The muscles of upper and lower extremities, lower mimic muscles and tongue muscles have unilateral cortical innervation All the other muscles (the muscles of neck, ...
... innervation except the mimic muscles and tongue muscles that have unilateral innervation from the opposite hemisphere The muscles of upper and lower extremities, lower mimic muscles and tongue muscles have unilateral cortical innervation All the other muscles (the muscles of neck, ...
ANATOMY OF A NEURON
... The All-or-None Law: A single neuron is either fires or does not fire. If fires, it always fires at full speed and intensity. ...
... The All-or-None Law: A single neuron is either fires or does not fire. If fires, it always fires at full speed and intensity. ...
Segmental Facilitation
... sensitization of the referred area by axon reflex Misinterpretation of inputs whose axons also branch to the referred areas Convergence projection theory: axons from the injured and referred areas converge on the same cells in the spinal cord with a misinterpretation Facilitation of cells in the cor ...
... sensitization of the referred area by axon reflex Misinterpretation of inputs whose axons also branch to the referred areas Convergence projection theory: axons from the injured and referred areas converge on the same cells in the spinal cord with a misinterpretation Facilitation of cells in the cor ...
The Spinal Cord
... Months before you were born, your spinal cord reached all the way through your sacrum, but as you continued to develop it grew less quickly than the vertebrae which surround it. At birth, your conus medullaris was at lumbar vertebrae 3 or 4. It now lies between lumbar vertebrae 1 and 2. That means ...
... Months before you were born, your spinal cord reached all the way through your sacrum, but as you continued to develop it grew less quickly than the vertebrae which surround it. At birth, your conus medullaris was at lumbar vertebrae 3 or 4. It now lies between lumbar vertebrae 1 and 2. That means ...
Neural Oscillations
... questions: function and mechanism It is not clear to date if oscillations are a necessary byproduct of neural interactions, or if they serve a specific function More is known about how oscillations arise in neural circuits; in fact, it seems quite difficult not to have oscillations to emerge when ne ...
... questions: function and mechanism It is not clear to date if oscillations are a necessary byproduct of neural interactions, or if they serve a specific function More is known about how oscillations arise in neural circuits; in fact, it seems quite difficult not to have oscillations to emerge when ne ...
Synaptic Integration in Rat Frontal Cortex Shaped by Network Activity
... To measure membrane resistance and time constant, hyperpolarizing currents of 0.1 nA (100 ms) were injected every 250 ms during both “up” and “down” states (Fig. 3). Membrane resistance was estimated from the amplitude of the voltage response and membrane time constant from its decay time (first-ord ...
... To measure membrane resistance and time constant, hyperpolarizing currents of 0.1 nA (100 ms) were injected every 250 ms during both “up” and “down” states (Fig. 3). Membrane resistance was estimated from the amplitude of the voltage response and membrane time constant from its decay time (first-ord ...
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... arteries. Cerebrvascular disease is a common form of cortical injury. VIII. Imaging electrical activity in the cerebral cortex. 1. Local electrical activity in the cerebral cortex is coupled to an increase in local blood flow. This is known as regional cerebral blood flow and is used in some imaging ...
... arteries. Cerebrvascular disease is a common form of cortical injury. VIII. Imaging electrical activity in the cerebral cortex. 1. Local electrical activity in the cerebral cortex is coupled to an increase in local blood flow. This is known as regional cerebral blood flow and is used in some imaging ...
Exam I
... Short answer questions 27) (6 pts) John was having one of his cholinergic (releases acetylcholine) neurons (X) signal a postsynaptic neuron (Y). But now he wants neuron Y to stop receiving the signals. Besides having neuron X stop sending action potentials down to the terminal, what other things mus ...
... Short answer questions 27) (6 pts) John was having one of his cholinergic (releases acetylcholine) neurons (X) signal a postsynaptic neuron (Y). But now he wants neuron Y to stop receiving the signals. Besides having neuron X stop sending action potentials down to the terminal, what other things mus ...
Fluctuations in the open time of synaptic channels: An application to
... charge fluctuation is only valid for the simple kinetic scheme used here (see below for the generalization). The underlying reason is that the charge is determined not only by the instantaneous state of the channel but also by the future states. Thus the dynamics of the channel will matter. (2) The c ...
... charge fluctuation is only valid for the simple kinetic scheme used here (see below for the generalization). The underlying reason is that the charge is determined not only by the instantaneous state of the channel but also by the future states. Thus the dynamics of the channel will matter. (2) The c ...
Regents Biology
... controls bound involuntary together by actionsconnective those not tissue. For under this conscious Research reason, controla Visit the single such as Glencoe spinal your heart Science nerve rate, can Web site at have breathing, tx.science. impulses digestion, glencoe.co going and to m forfrom more ...
... controls bound involuntary together by actionsconnective those not tissue. For under this conscious Research reason, controla Visit the single such as Glencoe spinal your heart Science nerve rate, can Web site at have breathing, tx.science. impulses digestion, glencoe.co going and to m forfrom more ...
The Spinal Cord
... Months before you were born, your spinal cord reached all the way through your sacrum, but as you continued to develop it grew less quickly than the vertebrae which surround it. At birth, your conus medullaris was at lumbar vertebrae 3 or 4. It now lies between lumbar vertebrae 1 and 2. That means ...
... Months before you were born, your spinal cord reached all the way through your sacrum, but as you continued to develop it grew less quickly than the vertebrae which surround it. At birth, your conus medullaris was at lumbar vertebrae 3 or 4. It now lies between lumbar vertebrae 1 and 2. That means ...
Reduced brain habituation to somatosensory stimulation in patients
... later (e.g., 500 msec). Moreover, it has been observed that patients with some psychiatric diseases (e.g., schizophrenia, bipolar depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, cocaine abuse) and some pain conditions (migraine, premenstrual syndrome) show a reduced habituation of early ERP responses as ...
... later (e.g., 500 msec). Moreover, it has been observed that patients with some psychiatric diseases (e.g., schizophrenia, bipolar depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, cocaine abuse) and some pain conditions (migraine, premenstrual syndrome) show a reduced habituation of early ERP responses as ...
NAlab08_DescMotor
... gyrus. This area is important in the execution of movments. Area 4 lesions produce weakness. Area 6 is a premotor region that includes several somatotopically organized components. One of these is the supplementary motor area (SMA) located in the most dorsomedial part of area 6. This area is thought ...
... gyrus. This area is important in the execution of movments. Area 4 lesions produce weakness. Area 6 is a premotor region that includes several somatotopically organized components. One of these is the supplementary motor area (SMA) located in the most dorsomedial part of area 6. This area is thought ...
Descending Motor Pathways Objective • To learn the functional
... gyrus. This area is important in the execution of movments. Area 4 lesions produce weakness. Area 6 is a premotor region that includes several somatotopically organized components. One of these is the supplementary motor area (SMA) located in the most dorsomedial part of area 6. This area is thought ...
... gyrus. This area is important in the execution of movments. Area 4 lesions produce weakness. Area 6 is a premotor region that includes several somatotopically organized components. One of these is the supplementary motor area (SMA) located in the most dorsomedial part of area 6. This area is thought ...
Practice Quiz - Kingsborough Community College
... a. from cervical to coccygeal regions on either side of the vertebral column b. alongside the thoracic region of the vertebral column c. alongside the cervical and sacral regions of the vertebral column d. alongside the lumbar area of the vertebral column e. both b and d 6. Mass activation is a prop ...
... a. from cervical to coccygeal regions on either side of the vertebral column b. alongside the thoracic region of the vertebral column c. alongside the cervical and sacral regions of the vertebral column d. alongside the lumbar area of the vertebral column e. both b and d 6. Mass activation is a prop ...
Rheobase
Rheobase is a measure of membrane excitability. In neuroscience, rheobase is the minimal current amplitude of infinite duration (in a practical sense, about 300 milliseconds) that results in the depolarization threshold of the cell membranes being reached, such as an action potential or the contraction of a muscle. In Greek, the root ""rhe"" translates to current or flow, and ""basi"" means bottom or foundation: thus the rheobase is the minimum current that will produce an action potential or muscle contraction.Rheobase can be best understood in the context of the strength-duration relationship (Fig. 1). The ease with which a membrane can be stimulated depends on two variables: the strength of the stimulus, and the duration for which the stimulus is applied. These variables are inversely related: as the strength of the applied current increases, the time required to stimulate the membrane decreases (and vice versa) to maintain a constant effect. Mathematically, rheobase is equivalent to half the current that needs to be applied for the duration of chronaxie, which is a strength-duration time constant that corresponds to the duration of time that elicits a response when the nerve is stimulated at twice rheobasic strength.The strength-duration curve was first discovered by G. Weiss in 1901, but it was not until 1909 that Louis Lapicque coined the term ""rheobase"". Many studies are being conducted in relation to rheobase values and the dynamic changes throughout maturation and between different nerve fibers. In the past strength-duration curves and rheobase determinations were used to assess nerve injury; today, they play a role in clinical identification of many neurological pathologies, including as Diabetic neuropathy, CIDP, Machado-Joseph Disease, and ALS.