General Organization of Somatosensory System
... They are nerve endings in the skin, responsible for sensitivity to vibration and pressure. Vibrational role may be used to detect surface, e.g., rough vs. smooth. The Bulbous corpuscle or Ruffini ending or Ruffini corpuscle is a class of slowly adapting mechanoreceptors thought to exist only in the ...
... They are nerve endings in the skin, responsible for sensitivity to vibration and pressure. Vibrational role may be used to detect surface, e.g., rough vs. smooth. The Bulbous corpuscle or Ruffini ending or Ruffini corpuscle is a class of slowly adapting mechanoreceptors thought to exist only in the ...
Multiplication and stimulus invariance in a looming
... 2. Computation of an angular threshold by a loomingsensitive neuron The lobula giant movement detector (LGMD) is an identified neuron in the third visual neuropil of the locust optic lobe (lobula) that responds vigorously to objects approaching on a collision course with the animal [57,70] (Fig. 2A). ...
... 2. Computation of an angular threshold by a loomingsensitive neuron The lobula giant movement detector (LGMD) is an identified neuron in the third visual neuropil of the locust optic lobe (lobula) that responds vigorously to objects approaching on a collision course with the animal [57,70] (Fig. 2A). ...
Aldwin de Guzman Abstract - UF Center for Undergraduate Research
... The NSCISC estimates 12,000 spinal cord injuries annually in the United States. A majority occur at the cervical level with many resulting in respiratory impairment due to interference with brainstem generated ventilatory drive reaching spinal motor targets. The resulting respiratory insufficiency o ...
... The NSCISC estimates 12,000 spinal cord injuries annually in the United States. A majority occur at the cervical level with many resulting in respiratory impairment due to interference with brainstem generated ventilatory drive reaching spinal motor targets. The resulting respiratory insufficiency o ...
Oh my aching back
... sidelying with pillow between knees or supine with pillow under knees Patient instructed in proper log rolling technique Patient instructed in the following therapeutic exercises: single knee to chest (L), piriformis stretch (L), gentle abdominal setting ...
... sidelying with pillow between knees or supine with pillow under knees Patient instructed in proper log rolling technique Patient instructed in the following therapeutic exercises: single knee to chest (L), piriformis stretch (L), gentle abdominal setting ...
56 Cerebellum and Basal Ganglia
... Turn-On/Turn-Off and Turn-Off/Turn-On output signals from the cerebellum: typical function of the cerebellum is to provide rapid turn-on signals for the agonist muscles and simultaneous reciprocal turn-off signals for the antagonist muscles ...
... Turn-On/Turn-Off and Turn-Off/Turn-On output signals from the cerebellum: typical function of the cerebellum is to provide rapid turn-on signals for the agonist muscles and simultaneous reciprocal turn-off signals for the antagonist muscles ...
Implications in absence epileptic seizures
... attributed to activation of Ih due to sustained hyperpolarization IT is activated from a deinactivated state and can generate Calcium-dependent ...
... attributed to activation of Ih due to sustained hyperpolarization IT is activated from a deinactivated state and can generate Calcium-dependent ...
Physiology of Behavior
... resistance pushes the endolymph against the cupula, causing it to bend, until the fluid begins to move at the same speed as the head. If the head rotation is then stopped, the endolymph, still circulating through the canal, pushes the cupula the other way. Angular acceleration is thus translated int ...
... resistance pushes the endolymph against the cupula, causing it to bend, until the fluid begins to move at the same speed as the head. If the head rotation is then stopped, the endolymph, still circulating through the canal, pushes the cupula the other way. Angular acceleration is thus translated int ...
Unit One: Introduction to Physiology: The Cell and General Physiology
... Fig. 56.7 The left side of this figure shows the basic neuronal circuit of the cerebellum, with the excitatory neurons shown in red, and the inhibitory neuron (Purkinje cell) shown in black. ...
... Fig. 56.7 The left side of this figure shows the basic neuronal circuit of the cerebellum, with the excitatory neurons shown in red, and the inhibitory neuron (Purkinje cell) shown in black. ...
![NERVOUS SYSTEM1.ppt [Recovered]](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/016266408_1-c10f66de9e30a67756061e0fd6bdcbe1-300x300.png)
NERVOUS SYSTEM1.ppt [Recovered]
... pipette. This isolates some channels, shown here as two black channels. Now, by changing the concentration of ions outside or inside one could study the effect of various chemicals, such as a suspected neurotransmitter, on these ion gated channels. Also, it permits individuals to study the effects o ...
... pipette. This isolates some channels, shown here as two black channels. Now, by changing the concentration of ions outside or inside one could study the effect of various chemicals, such as a suspected neurotransmitter, on these ion gated channels. Also, it permits individuals to study the effects o ...
Animal Physiology, Chapter 10
... muscles • The effectors of the ANS are cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands ...
... muscles • The effectors of the ANS are cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands ...
ZAPORIZHZHIA STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY
... Reflex actions are the simplest form of movement. A reflex action is a stereotyped response to a specific sensory stimulus. The reflex elicited depends on the site of the stimulus and the strength of the stimulus determines the amplitude of the response. Reflex responses are used by higher motor cen ...
... Reflex actions are the simplest form of movement. A reflex action is a stereotyped response to a specific sensory stimulus. The reflex elicited depends on the site of the stimulus and the strength of the stimulus determines the amplitude of the response. Reflex responses are used by higher motor cen ...
Special Senses
... A spiral, conical, bony chamber that: Extends from the anterior vestibule Coils around a bony pillar called the modiolus Contains the cochlear duct, which ends at the cochlear apex Contains the organ of Corti (hearing receptor) ...
... A spiral, conical, bony chamber that: Extends from the anterior vestibule Coils around a bony pillar called the modiolus Contains the cochlear duct, which ends at the cochlear apex Contains the organ of Corti (hearing receptor) ...
AANEM Glossary of Terms in Neuromuscular
... The field of neuromuscular and electrodiagnostic medicine requires a universal language to communicate effectively. This glossary is the cumulative effort of many individuals over the past several decades. With added knowledge gained through research and innovation, the need to update the extensive ...
... The field of neuromuscular and electrodiagnostic medicine requires a universal language to communicate effectively. This glossary is the cumulative effort of many individuals over the past several decades. With added knowledge gained through research and innovation, the need to update the extensive ...
tractus corticomuscularis
... We can make the following conclusions: The face muscles have bilateral cortex innervation except the mimic muscles and tongue muscles that have unilateral innervation from the opposite hemisphere The muscles of upper and lower extremities, lower mimic muscles and tongue muscles have unilateral cort ...
... We can make the following conclusions: The face muscles have bilateral cortex innervation except the mimic muscles and tongue muscles that have unilateral innervation from the opposite hemisphere The muscles of upper and lower extremities, lower mimic muscles and tongue muscles have unilateral cort ...
Directional terms describe the positions of human structures relative
... The integrated action of joints, bones, and skeletal muscles produces obvious movements such as walking and running. Skeletal muscles also produce more subtle movements that result in various facial expressions, eye movements, and respiration. In addition to movement, muscle contraction also fulfill ...
... The integrated action of joints, bones, and skeletal muscles produces obvious movements such as walking and running. Skeletal muscles also produce more subtle movements that result in various facial expressions, eye movements, and respiration. In addition to movement, muscle contraction also fulfill ...
chapter3 (new window)
... • People see an illusion of gray images in intersections of white areas. • Signals from bipolar cells cause effect – Receptors responding to white corridors send inhibiting signals to receptor at the ...
... • People see an illusion of gray images in intersections of white areas. • Signals from bipolar cells cause effect – Receptors responding to white corridors send inhibiting signals to receptor at the ...
Lateral Zone
... This is lost in cerebellar disease. • Dysmetria and Past pointing: dysmetria is inability to control range of movement. Past pointing is a manifestation of dysmetria. In it the hand overshoots the intended mark. • Dysdiadokokinesia or Adiadokokinesia: inability to perform rapid opposite, alternate m ...
... This is lost in cerebellar disease. • Dysmetria and Past pointing: dysmetria is inability to control range of movement. Past pointing is a manifestation of dysmetria. In it the hand overshoots the intended mark. • Dysdiadokokinesia or Adiadokokinesia: inability to perform rapid opposite, alternate m ...
test prep
... 36. The insensitivity of many rural Africans to the Müller-Lyer illusion proves that perception: A) is largely a “bottom-up” phenomenon. B) is unpredictable. C) is influenced by cultural experience. D) is characterized by all of the above. 37. When we stare at an object, each eye receives a slightly ...
... 36. The insensitivity of many rural Africans to the Müller-Lyer illusion proves that perception: A) is largely a “bottom-up” phenomenon. B) is unpredictable. C) is influenced by cultural experience. D) is characterized by all of the above. 37. When we stare at an object, each eye receives a slightly ...
View PDF - Laboratory of Brain, Hearing and Behavior
... of the difference in the relative strengths of competing stimuli (discrimination difficulty) [27!!]. Green data: neurons with switch-like responses. Black data: neurons with gradual responses. Peak discriminability, in each case, was based on a d’ analysis, comparing pooled responses from a conditio ...
... of the difference in the relative strengths of competing stimuli (discrimination difficulty) [27!!]. Green data: neurons with switch-like responses. Black data: neurons with gradual responses. Peak discriminability, in each case, was based on a d’ analysis, comparing pooled responses from a conditio ...
MOTOR SYSTEM PHYSIOLOGY
... The surface area of the cell is inversely related to its input resistance. Thus, smaller neurons have higher input resistance and are more likely to fire given that: V (action potential) = I (current) x R (resistance) Therefore, if a small and large MN receive the same synaptic drive or current, the ...
... The surface area of the cell is inversely related to its input resistance. Thus, smaller neurons have higher input resistance and are more likely to fire given that: V (action potential) = I (current) x R (resistance) Therefore, if a small and large MN receive the same synaptic drive or current, the ...
The Nervous System
... a. Astrocytes: star shaped cells that anchor small blood vessels to neurons b. Microglia: small cells that move in inflamed brain tissue carrying on phagocytosis c. Oligodendrocytes (oligodendroglia): form myelin sheaths on axons in the CNS C. Glia—(PNS) a. Schwann cells: invest the axons and insula ...
... a. Astrocytes: star shaped cells that anchor small blood vessels to neurons b. Microglia: small cells that move in inflamed brain tissue carrying on phagocytosis c. Oligodendrocytes (oligodendroglia): form myelin sheaths on axons in the CNS C. Glia—(PNS) a. Schwann cells: invest the axons and insula ...
Smooth Muscle
... spontaneously in the absence of any neural or hormonal input. • The membrane potential change occurring during the spontaneous depolarization to threshold is known as a pacemaker potential. • Other smooth muscle pacemaker cells have a slightly different pattern of activity. The membrane potential dr ...
... spontaneously in the absence of any neural or hormonal input. • The membrane potential change occurring during the spontaneous depolarization to threshold is known as a pacemaker potential. • Other smooth muscle pacemaker cells have a slightly different pattern of activity. The membrane potential dr ...
Rheobase
Rheobase is a measure of membrane excitability. In neuroscience, rheobase is the minimal current amplitude of infinite duration (in a practical sense, about 300 milliseconds) that results in the depolarization threshold of the cell membranes being reached, such as an action potential or the contraction of a muscle. In Greek, the root ""rhe"" translates to current or flow, and ""basi"" means bottom or foundation: thus the rheobase is the minimum current that will produce an action potential or muscle contraction.Rheobase can be best understood in the context of the strength-duration relationship (Fig. 1). The ease with which a membrane can be stimulated depends on two variables: the strength of the stimulus, and the duration for which the stimulus is applied. These variables are inversely related: as the strength of the applied current increases, the time required to stimulate the membrane decreases (and vice versa) to maintain a constant effect. Mathematically, rheobase is equivalent to half the current that needs to be applied for the duration of chronaxie, which is a strength-duration time constant that corresponds to the duration of time that elicits a response when the nerve is stimulated at twice rheobasic strength.The strength-duration curve was first discovered by G. Weiss in 1901, but it was not until 1909 that Louis Lapicque coined the term ""rheobase"". Many studies are being conducted in relation to rheobase values and the dynamic changes throughout maturation and between different nerve fibers. In the past strength-duration curves and rheobase determinations were used to assess nerve injury; today, they play a role in clinical identification of many neurological pathologies, including as Diabetic neuropathy, CIDP, Machado-Joseph Disease, and ALS.