Hair cells
... Nociceptors = pain receptors -Free nerve endings, are located where damage is most likely to occur Temperature extremes affect the transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channel -Produces depolarization by an inward flow of Na+ and Ca2+, which in turn causes the sensory neuron to fire -Leads to a re ...
... Nociceptors = pain receptors -Free nerve endings, are located where damage is most likely to occur Temperature extremes affect the transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channel -Produces depolarization by an inward flow of Na+ and Ca2+, which in turn causes the sensory neuron to fire -Leads to a re ...
Slide ()
... Within minutes after transection of the branches of the facial nerve that innervate whiskers, stimulation of cortical sites that formerly activated whisker muscles causes contraction of forelimb and periocular muscles. B. Elimination of theVoluntary sensory inputs after transection the facial nerve ...
... Within minutes after transection of the branches of the facial nerve that innervate whiskers, stimulation of cortical sites that formerly activated whisker muscles causes contraction of forelimb and periocular muscles. B. Elimination of theVoluntary sensory inputs after transection the facial nerve ...
BIOLOGY 3201
... 4. Which part of the autonomic nervous system helps us respond to stress? 5. Which part of the peripheral nervous system do we have conscious control over? 6. _?_ carry information from receptor cells to the CNS. 7. _?_ carry information from the CNS to effectors like muscles. 8. Modulators of the C ...
... 4. Which part of the autonomic nervous system helps us respond to stress? 5. Which part of the peripheral nervous system do we have conscious control over? 6. _?_ carry information from receptor cells to the CNS. 7. _?_ carry information from the CNS to effectors like muscles. 8. Modulators of the C ...
Impulse Conduction Practice Questions
... 2. Why does the polarity of a cell membrane reverse during an action potential? (2 marks) ...
... 2. Why does the polarity of a cell membrane reverse during an action potential? (2 marks) ...
PROTEINS AND MEMBRANES
... applied heat stimuli to 186 healthy women, they found that those with the rare version were more likely to have lower pain thresholds. It was as if the normal subjects had taken an ibuprofen, but the subjects with the rare SNP hadn't. ...
... applied heat stimuli to 186 healthy women, they found that those with the rare version were more likely to have lower pain thresholds. It was as if the normal subjects had taken an ibuprofen, but the subjects with the rare SNP hadn't. ...
15-1 Section Summary
... Different kinds of neurons perform different functions. Three kinds of neurons are found in the body—sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons. Together they make up the chain of nerve cells that carry an impulse through the nervous system. A sensory neuron picks up stimuli from the internal ...
... Different kinds of neurons perform different functions. Three kinds of neurons are found in the body—sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons. Together they make up the chain of nerve cells that carry an impulse through the nervous system. A sensory neuron picks up stimuli from the internal ...
Nervous System Communication
... • Dendrites (receive impulse) – Usually short cell extensions – No myelin covering – most neurons have multiple dendrites ...
... • Dendrites (receive impulse) – Usually short cell extensions – No myelin covering – most neurons have multiple dendrites ...
Text 4-Nervous system: Organization and Physiology
... • Change conformation in response to voltage change in the surrounding membrane: “voltage gated” • Change conformation in response to binding by an ion or other compound: “ligand gated” • Are selective in which ions pass through the pore in the center • Amino acid charges around the pore can attract ...
... • Change conformation in response to voltage change in the surrounding membrane: “voltage gated” • Change conformation in response to binding by an ion or other compound: “ligand gated” • Are selective in which ions pass through the pore in the center • Amino acid charges around the pore can attract ...
nervous system
... in sufficient numbers to allow sodium influx and depolarization • Wave of Depolarization = Conduction of Action Potential = Nerve Impulse ...
... in sufficient numbers to allow sodium influx and depolarization • Wave of Depolarization = Conduction of Action Potential = Nerve Impulse ...
The Nervous System
... -K+ ions are mostly inside with large anions (proteins, sulfates, phosphates) -large anions can only cross the membrane through ion channels or using carrier proteins ...
... -K+ ions are mostly inside with large anions (proteins, sulfates, phosphates) -large anions can only cross the membrane through ion channels or using carrier proteins ...
1 MCB3210F NAME EXAM 1A SECTION CELLS, TISSUES
... 3. Explain how nerve conduction is speeded in myelinated vs. non-myelinated nerves. 4 pts Schwann cells make myelin to wrap the nerve Ion channels are localized to the nodes of Ranvier Action potentials generated at the nodes only, so it “jumps” from node to node. This wrapping increases the distan ...
... 3. Explain how nerve conduction is speeded in myelinated vs. non-myelinated nerves. 4 pts Schwann cells make myelin to wrap the nerve Ion channels are localized to the nodes of Ranvier Action potentials generated at the nodes only, so it “jumps” from node to node. This wrapping increases the distan ...
Exam
... 3. Explain how nerve conduction is speeded in myelinated vs. non-myelinated nerves. 4 pts Schwann cells make myelin to wrap the nerve Ion channels are localized to the nodes of Ranvier Action potentials generated at the nodes only, so it “jumps” from node to node. This wrapping increases the distan ...
... 3. Explain how nerve conduction is speeded in myelinated vs. non-myelinated nerves. 4 pts Schwann cells make myelin to wrap the nerve Ion channels are localized to the nodes of Ranvier Action potentials generated at the nodes only, so it “jumps” from node to node. This wrapping increases the distan ...
Document
... Nerve Impulse Transmission Two ways to increase velocity of conduction: 1. Axon has a large diameter -Less resistance to current flow -Found primarily in invertebrates 2. Axon is myelinated -Action potential is only produced at the nodes of Ranvier -Impulse jumps from node to node ...
... Nerve Impulse Transmission Two ways to increase velocity of conduction: 1. Axon has a large diameter -Less resistance to current flow -Found primarily in invertebrates 2. Axon is myelinated -Action potential is only produced at the nodes of Ranvier -Impulse jumps from node to node ...
Pupillary Signs in Head Injury
... Pupillary signs in the head injured patient are dependent on a number of factors including: ...
... Pupillary signs in the head injured patient are dependent on a number of factors including: ...
electrochemical impulse - Glebe
... Excitatory Transmission Neurotransmitter causes depolarization of the postsynaptic neuron by opening postsynaptic ion channels Na+ rushes in causing depolarization and an action potential Inhibitory Transmission Neurotransmitter causes hyperpolarization of the postsynaptic neuron (-75 mV to -9 ...
... Excitatory Transmission Neurotransmitter causes depolarization of the postsynaptic neuron by opening postsynaptic ion channels Na+ rushes in causing depolarization and an action potential Inhibitory Transmission Neurotransmitter causes hyperpolarization of the postsynaptic neuron (-75 mV to -9 ...
Human Biology Human Body Systems Nervous System
... Relay information from sensory neurons to motor neurons . Motor Neuron Stimulate muscles or glands in effector organs to cause a response. ...
... Relay information from sensory neurons to motor neurons . Motor Neuron Stimulate muscles or glands in effector organs to cause a response. ...
Sistemas sensoriales - U
... networks. The proposal is that this 'binding problem' could be solved by exploiting the temporal aspects of neuronal activity16, 17, 18, 40, 41, 42, 43. The model predicts that neurons that respond to the same sensory object might fire in temporal synchrony with a precision in the millisecond range ...
... networks. The proposal is that this 'binding problem' could be solved by exploiting the temporal aspects of neuronal activity16, 17, 18, 40, 41, 42, 43. The model predicts that neurons that respond to the same sensory object might fire in temporal synchrony with a precision in the millisecond range ...
Chapter 2
... 2. Storage and transport of NT within vesicles 3. NT Release 4. Activation of postsynaptic receptors 5. Termination of transmitter effect (e.g. reuptake) ...
... 2. Storage and transport of NT within vesicles 3. NT Release 4. Activation of postsynaptic receptors 5. Termination of transmitter effect (e.g. reuptake) ...
Quiz
... a. Neurotransmitter release -‐> action potential -‐> threshold of excitation reached -‐> inhibitory or excitatory post-‐synaptic potential b. Threshold of excitation reached -‐> action potential -‐> neurotransmitter r ...
... a. Neurotransmitter release -‐> action potential -‐> threshold of excitation reached -‐> inhibitory or excitatory post-‐synaptic potential b. Threshold of excitation reached -‐> action potential -‐> neurotransmitter r ...
Nerve Notes
... 1. Nodes of Ranvier – gaps between Myelin 2. White matter – a. cells with myelin, b. conduction pathways in CNS 3. Gray matter a. very little myelin b. cortex of brain c. processing of the sensory and motor information, control of emotions, memory and intellect E. Synapse – junction of axon and anot ...
... 1. Nodes of Ranvier – gaps between Myelin 2. White matter – a. cells with myelin, b. conduction pathways in CNS 3. Gray matter a. very little myelin b. cortex of brain c. processing of the sensory and motor information, control of emotions, memory and intellect E. Synapse – junction of axon and anot ...
Action potentials travel along the axons of neurons.
... However... the concentrations of Na+ and K+ aren’t where they were before the action potential. The concentrations have been reversed! We now have more Na+ in the cell and more K+ outside the cell. The Na/K pump kicks in and restores the original concentrations. Until this occurs the cell is hyperpo ...
... However... the concentrations of Na+ and K+ aren’t where they were before the action potential. The concentrations have been reversed! We now have more Na+ in the cell and more K+ outside the cell. The Na/K pump kicks in and restores the original concentrations. Until this occurs the cell is hyperpo ...
The Nervous System
... ion pumps, ion channels and gates cause a specific distribution of ions across the cell membrane sodium-potassium pumps in the membrane pump Na+ out and K+ into cell – both are pumped against their concentration gradient (ATP) – for every 3 Na+ pumped out, 2 K+ are pumped in (more positive ions ...
... ion pumps, ion channels and gates cause a specific distribution of ions across the cell membrane sodium-potassium pumps in the membrane pump Na+ out and K+ into cell – both are pumped against their concentration gradient (ATP) – for every 3 Na+ pumped out, 2 K+ are pumped in (more positive ions ...
![Unit 8 Review Sheet[1]](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/001686639_1-accaddf9a4bef8f1f5e508cc8efafb82-300x300.png)
Unit 8 Review Sheet[1]
... Absolute Threshold: the weakest level of stimulus that can be detected at least half of the time. Signal Detection Theory: holds that there is no actual absolute threshold because the threshold changes with a variety of factors, including fatigue, attentions, expectations, motivation, and emotional ...
... Absolute Threshold: the weakest level of stimulus that can be detected at least half of the time. Signal Detection Theory: holds that there is no actual absolute threshold because the threshold changes with a variety of factors, including fatigue, attentions, expectations, motivation, and emotional ...
Peripheral Nervous System
... Found at neuromuscular junctions Primarily in the brain As a medication it works on sympathetic NS ...
... Found at neuromuscular junctions Primarily in the brain As a medication it works on sympathetic NS ...
Rheobase
Rheobase is a measure of membrane excitability. In neuroscience, rheobase is the minimal current amplitude of infinite duration (in a practical sense, about 300 milliseconds) that results in the depolarization threshold of the cell membranes being reached, such as an action potential or the contraction of a muscle. In Greek, the root ""rhe"" translates to current or flow, and ""basi"" means bottom or foundation: thus the rheobase is the minimum current that will produce an action potential or muscle contraction.Rheobase can be best understood in the context of the strength-duration relationship (Fig. 1). The ease with which a membrane can be stimulated depends on two variables: the strength of the stimulus, and the duration for which the stimulus is applied. These variables are inversely related: as the strength of the applied current increases, the time required to stimulate the membrane decreases (and vice versa) to maintain a constant effect. Mathematically, rheobase is equivalent to half the current that needs to be applied for the duration of chronaxie, which is a strength-duration time constant that corresponds to the duration of time that elicits a response when the nerve is stimulated at twice rheobasic strength.The strength-duration curve was first discovered by G. Weiss in 1901, but it was not until 1909 that Louis Lapicque coined the term ""rheobase"". Many studies are being conducted in relation to rheobase values and the dynamic changes throughout maturation and between different nerve fibers. In the past strength-duration curves and rheobase determinations were used to assess nerve injury; today, they play a role in clinical identification of many neurological pathologies, including as Diabetic neuropathy, CIDP, Machado-Joseph Disease, and ALS.