Nervous Systems
... membrane generate a net negative membrane potential (-70mV) • A sodium-potassium pump is used to move K+ back into the cell and Na+ back out of the cell to maintain the constant concentration gradients. ...
... membrane generate a net negative membrane potential (-70mV) • A sodium-potassium pump is used to move K+ back into the cell and Na+ back out of the cell to maintain the constant concentration gradients. ...
Chapter 14 ()
... gamma efferent (motor) endings innervate the intrafusal fibers and preset their sensitivity to stretch alpha efferent (motor) endings innervate the extrafusal fibers and make them contract when the muscle spindle is stretched ...
... gamma efferent (motor) endings innervate the intrafusal fibers and preset their sensitivity to stretch alpha efferent (motor) endings innervate the extrafusal fibers and make them contract when the muscle spindle is stretched ...
SENSORY PHYSIOLOGY
... may respond to other types of stimuli if intensity is strong enough BUT the sensation is that normally detected by the receptor labeled line coding = ...
... may respond to other types of stimuli if intensity is strong enough BUT the sensation is that normally detected by the receptor labeled line coding = ...
nervous system
... Neuron cell bodies are clustered together in the PNS= ganglia Satellite cells- surround neuron cell bodies, regulate environment Schwann cells- form a sheath around every axon, can myelinate axons ...
... Neuron cell bodies are clustered together in the PNS= ganglia Satellite cells- surround neuron cell bodies, regulate environment Schwann cells- form a sheath around every axon, can myelinate axons ...
True or False: Write “True” or “False”
... adjacent points on the skin are carried by nerve fibers that run alongside each other. In this way, stimulation of two adjacent fingers, for instance, activates adjacent populations of nerve cells in the brain. Knowledge of the brain’s sensory maps and an understanding of how they are organized topo ...
... adjacent points on the skin are carried by nerve fibers that run alongside each other. In this way, stimulation of two adjacent fingers, for instance, activates adjacent populations of nerve cells in the brain. Knowledge of the brain’s sensory maps and an understanding of how they are organized topo ...
Nervous Tissue
... • Neurons are electrically excitable due to the voltage difference across their membrane • Communicate with 2 types of electric signals – action potentials that can travel long distances – graded potentials that are local membrane changes only ...
... • Neurons are electrically excitable due to the voltage difference across their membrane • Communicate with 2 types of electric signals – action potentials that can travel long distances – graded potentials that are local membrane changes only ...
Anatomy, composition and physiology of neuron, dendrite, axon,and
... action potentials are all or none every action potentials have same amplitude and duration information in the signal is represented by frequency and duration ...
... action potentials are all or none every action potentials have same amplitude and duration information in the signal is represented by frequency and duration ...
chapter 11 ppt additional
... – If enough stimulus is applied to the membrane, an action potential is generated; the in rush of sodium ions at the site of the stimulus causes local changes in the membrane that cause more voltage gated channels to open and depolarize more and more membrane until threshold is reached and the actio ...
... – If enough stimulus is applied to the membrane, an action potential is generated; the in rush of sodium ions at the site of the stimulus causes local changes in the membrane that cause more voltage gated channels to open and depolarize more and more membrane until threshold is reached and the actio ...
Chapter 32 The Nervous System, Cells of the Nervous System
... can have different effects on different cells D Acetylcholine )Nicotinic尼古丁 receptors cause contractions in skeletal muscles )Muscarinic毒蕈鹼 receptors cause inhibition in smooth muscle and heart muscle ...
... can have different effects on different cells D Acetylcholine )Nicotinic尼古丁 receptors cause contractions in skeletal muscles )Muscarinic毒蕈鹼 receptors cause inhibition in smooth muscle and heart muscle ...
No Slide Title
... 1. Electrical potential – a difference in the concentration of charged particles between one point and another 2. Electrical current– flow of charged particles from one point to another 3. Living cells have electrical potentials (are polarized) – resting membrane potential is -70 mV with a negative ...
... 1. Electrical potential – a difference in the concentration of charged particles between one point and another 2. Electrical current– flow of charged particles from one point to another 3. Living cells have electrical potentials (are polarized) – resting membrane potential is -70 mV with a negative ...
Chapter_03_4E
... • Cell is more permeable to K+, thus K+ ions can move more freely • In an attempt to establish equilibrium, K+ will move outside the cell • Sodium-potassium pump actively transports K+ into and Na+ out of the cell to maintain the RMP • RMP is maintained at –70mV ...
... • Cell is more permeable to K+, thus K+ ions can move more freely • In an attempt to establish equilibrium, K+ will move outside the cell • Sodium-potassium pump actively transports K+ into and Na+ out of the cell to maintain the RMP • RMP is maintained at –70mV ...
Plants and Pollinators
... Assessing a Stimulus • Action potentials don’t vary in amplitude • Brain tells nature of stimulus by: – Particular pathway that carries the signal – Frequency of action potentials along an axon – Number of axons recruited ...
... Assessing a Stimulus • Action potentials don’t vary in amplitude • Brain tells nature of stimulus by: – Particular pathway that carries the signal – Frequency of action potentials along an axon – Number of axons recruited ...
File
... 1. One neuron transmits a nerve impulse at 40 m/s. Another conducts at the rate of 1 m/s. Which neuron has a myelinated axon? 2. List the following in order: A. K+ channels open and K+ floods out of cell B. Membrane is polarized (resting potential) C. Neurotransmitters are released from vesicles int ...
... 1. One neuron transmits a nerve impulse at 40 m/s. Another conducts at the rate of 1 m/s. Which neuron has a myelinated axon? 2. List the following in order: A. K+ channels open and K+ floods out of cell B. Membrane is polarized (resting potential) C. Neurotransmitters are released from vesicles int ...
Chapter 10
... 5. Distinguish between myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers. A myelinated nerve fiber is one, which is bound by Schwann cells longitudinally along its length. The Schwann cells wrap tightly around the nerve fiber and form a myelin sheath. Unmyelinated nerve fibers lack these sheaths. In this cas ...
... 5. Distinguish between myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers. A myelinated nerve fiber is one, which is bound by Schwann cells longitudinally along its length. The Schwann cells wrap tightly around the nerve fiber and form a myelin sheath. Unmyelinated nerve fibers lack these sheaths. In this cas ...
chapter 3 – sensation and perception
... 4. Others throught the reticular 5. Most of the auditory sections in the 6. 4 levels of D. Theories of Hearing 1. Place Theory – Helmholtz a. Place on Basilar 2. Frequency Theory a. Basilar membrane as a b. Volley principle – 3. Neither explains IV. ...
... 4. Others throught the reticular 5. Most of the auditory sections in the 6. 4 levels of D. Theories of Hearing 1. Place Theory – Helmholtz a. Place on Basilar 2. Frequency Theory a. Basilar membrane as a b. Volley principle – 3. Neither explains IV. ...
Chapter 34
... transduced to the form of chemical signal that can diffuse across the cleft and activate or inhibit target cell Chemical synapse: functional bridge between a neuron and some other cell Synapse means to fasten together ...
... transduced to the form of chemical signal that can diffuse across the cleft and activate or inhibit target cell Chemical synapse: functional bridge between a neuron and some other cell Synapse means to fasten together ...
Major Divisions in the Central Nervous System
... Stimulus – environmental change which causes a response; usually a form of energy (ex: radiant, electrical, pressure, sound, chemical) Impulse – electrochemical change along a neuron Threshold level stimulus – minimum strength needed to initiate a nerve impulse (different for different neurons and i ...
... Stimulus – environmental change which causes a response; usually a form of energy (ex: radiant, electrical, pressure, sound, chemical) Impulse – electrochemical change along a neuron Threshold level stimulus – minimum strength needed to initiate a nerve impulse (different for different neurons and i ...
Nervous System
... • All neurons have three common characteristics – Axon: A fiber called an axon carries electrical signals away from the cell body. It is the output cable – Dendrite: Fibers called dendrites receive signals and carry them toward the cell body ...
... • All neurons have three common characteristics – Axon: A fiber called an axon carries electrical signals away from the cell body. It is the output cable – Dendrite: Fibers called dendrites receive signals and carry them toward the cell body ...
Nervous System Worksheet
... A. The collective name for a range of diseases affecting the nerves. B. Another name for a nerve cell. C. The small sac that contains the genetic material of each cell in the body, including the nerve cell. _____ 4. What is a myelin sheath? A. The protective coating that encloses a nerve cable (axon ...
... A. The collective name for a range of diseases affecting the nerves. B. Another name for a nerve cell. C. The small sac that contains the genetic material of each cell in the body, including the nerve cell. _____ 4. What is a myelin sheath? A. The protective coating that encloses a nerve cable (axon ...
9.2 Electrochemical Impulses
... membranes more permeable to K+ and Cl K+ will diffuse out the neuron (and Cl- in) creating an even more negative resting membrane which is said to be hyperpolarized. This increases the “distance” to the threshold value To achieve depolarization, even more Na+ channels must ...
... membranes more permeable to K+ and Cl K+ will diffuse out the neuron (and Cl- in) creating an even more negative resting membrane which is said to be hyperpolarized. This increases the “distance” to the threshold value To achieve depolarization, even more Na+ channels must ...
The Nervous System
... *purpose is to prevent loss of charge – insulate Areas between the myelin sheath = nodes of Ranvier. The nerve impulse actually jumps from node to node (speeding impulse) see diagram on next page All PNS nerves have a thin membrane called the neurillemma = promotes regeneration of damaged axon ...
... *purpose is to prevent loss of charge – insulate Areas between the myelin sheath = nodes of Ranvier. The nerve impulse actually jumps from node to node (speeding impulse) see diagram on next page All PNS nerves have a thin membrane called the neurillemma = promotes regeneration of damaged axon ...
Biology 30: Unit A - County Central High School
... that there is a high concentration of sodium (Na+) outside the membrane and a high concentration of potassium (K+) inside the membrane ...
... that there is a high concentration of sodium (Na+) outside the membrane and a high concentration of potassium (K+) inside the membrane ...
A- A- A- K+ A - How Your Brain Works
... • In addition to the resting (K+ leakage) channels, neurons can have a large variety of gated ion channels which will open transiently in the presence of certain stimuli or chemical signals. These gated channels may be permeable to Na+, Cl- or Ca++. • When these gated channels open, the voltage acro ...
... • In addition to the resting (K+ leakage) channels, neurons can have a large variety of gated ion channels which will open transiently in the presence of certain stimuli or chemical signals. These gated channels may be permeable to Na+, Cl- or Ca++. • When these gated channels open, the voltage acro ...
Rheobase
Rheobase is a measure of membrane excitability. In neuroscience, rheobase is the minimal current amplitude of infinite duration (in a practical sense, about 300 milliseconds) that results in the depolarization threshold of the cell membranes being reached, such as an action potential or the contraction of a muscle. In Greek, the root ""rhe"" translates to current or flow, and ""basi"" means bottom or foundation: thus the rheobase is the minimum current that will produce an action potential or muscle contraction.Rheobase can be best understood in the context of the strength-duration relationship (Fig. 1). The ease with which a membrane can be stimulated depends on two variables: the strength of the stimulus, and the duration for which the stimulus is applied. These variables are inversely related: as the strength of the applied current increases, the time required to stimulate the membrane decreases (and vice versa) to maintain a constant effect. Mathematically, rheobase is equivalent to half the current that needs to be applied for the duration of chronaxie, which is a strength-duration time constant that corresponds to the duration of time that elicits a response when the nerve is stimulated at twice rheobasic strength.The strength-duration curve was first discovered by G. Weiss in 1901, but it was not until 1909 that Louis Lapicque coined the term ""rheobase"". Many studies are being conducted in relation to rheobase values and the dynamic changes throughout maturation and between different nerve fibers. In the past strength-duration curves and rheobase determinations were used to assess nerve injury; today, they play a role in clinical identification of many neurological pathologies, including as Diabetic neuropathy, CIDP, Machado-Joseph Disease, and ALS.