Nervous System
... 2. Folded like a piece of paper to allow more nerve cells to fit inside the skull 3. Divided into right and left halves 4. Halves control opposite sides of the body 5. Controls thinking processes 6. Controls movement of many muscles 7. Different regions control different activities vi. Cerebellum 1. ...
... 2. Folded like a piece of paper to allow more nerve cells to fit inside the skull 3. Divided into right and left halves 4. Halves control opposite sides of the body 5. Controls thinking processes 6. Controls movement of many muscles 7. Different regions control different activities vi. Cerebellum 1. ...
Peripheral Nervous System
... • If a neuron responds at all, it responds completely • A nerve impulse is conducted whenever a stimulus of threshold intensity or above is applied to an axon • All impulses carried on an axon are the same strength ...
... • If a neuron responds at all, it responds completely • A nerve impulse is conducted whenever a stimulus of threshold intensity or above is applied to an axon • All impulses carried on an axon are the same strength ...
chapter 11-nerve tissue
... 1. This charge difference creates a small voltage along the neuron’s membrane. 2. Normal RMP is typically about –70mV. The negative sign indicates that the inside of the neuron is more negative than the outside of the neuron. a. Neurons create impulses by changing this RMP. b. What leads to the Form ...
... 1. This charge difference creates a small voltage along the neuron’s membrane. 2. Normal RMP is typically about –70mV. The negative sign indicates that the inside of the neuron is more negative than the outside of the neuron. a. Neurons create impulses by changing this RMP. b. What leads to the Form ...
Slide 1
... • Schwann cells wraps many times around the axon – Myelin sheath—concentric layers of Schwann cell membrane ...
... • Schwann cells wraps many times around the axon – Myelin sheath—concentric layers of Schwann cell membrane ...
The Nervous System
... But when you sniff, air swirls up into the top of the cavity. Here is a small patch of about 10 million specialized olfactory (smelling) cells. They have long microhairs, or cilia, sticking out from them. ...
... But when you sniff, air swirls up into the top of the cavity. Here is a small patch of about 10 million specialized olfactory (smelling) cells. They have long microhairs, or cilia, sticking out from them. ...
Lecture Suggestions and Guidelines
... 1. In what ways might implanted neuroglia (provided perhaps from fetal tissue), help victims suffering from Alzheimer’s disease or AIDS? Answer: By replacing needed neurotransmitters, repairing damaged spinal cords, or alleviating harmful side effects of chemotherapy. LEARNING OBJECTIVE 5: Explain h ...
... 1. In what ways might implanted neuroglia (provided perhaps from fetal tissue), help victims suffering from Alzheimer’s disease or AIDS? Answer: By replacing needed neurotransmitters, repairing damaged spinal cords, or alleviating harmful side effects of chemotherapy. LEARNING OBJECTIVE 5: Explain h ...
The Nervous System - teacheroftruth.net
... 1. they are surrounded by special glial cells called Schwann cells 2. these produce myelin sheathing which acts as insulation on electrical wire 3. there are gaps in the Schwann cells called nodes of Ranvier 4. myelinated axons transmit impulses faster than those with no covering a. why does some ha ...
... 1. they are surrounded by special glial cells called Schwann cells 2. these produce myelin sheathing which acts as insulation on electrical wire 3. there are gaps in the Schwann cells called nodes of Ranvier 4. myelinated axons transmit impulses faster than those with no covering a. why does some ha ...
Neural Basis of Motor Control
... becomes more positive and becomes depolarized. It takes longer for potassium channels to open. When they do open, potassium rushes out of the cell, reversing the depolarization. Also at about this time, sodium channels start to close. This causes the action potential to go back toward -70 mV (a repo ...
... becomes more positive and becomes depolarized. It takes longer for potassium channels to open. When they do open, potassium rushes out of the cell, reversing the depolarization. Also at about this time, sodium channels start to close. This causes the action potential to go back toward -70 mV (a repo ...
Chapter 18 - Austin Community College
... 18.5 Sense of Hearing • Auditory Pathway to the Brain Continued . . . – Stapes causes the oval window to vibrate – Vibrations move from the vestibular canal to the tympanic canal across the basilar membrane – Basilar membrane moves up and down and the stereocilia of the hair cells bend – This gener ...
... 18.5 Sense of Hearing • Auditory Pathway to the Brain Continued . . . – Stapes causes the oval window to vibrate – Vibrations move from the vestibular canal to the tympanic canal across the basilar membrane – Basilar membrane moves up and down and the stereocilia of the hair cells bend – This gener ...
CHAPTER 12 Learning and Memory Basic Outline with notes I. The
... little effect on behavior becomes able to evoke a reflexive, species-typical behavior. Ex. Species-typical response – fear becomes paired with an unimportant stimulus – peanut butter. Ex. Species-typical response – salivation becomes paired with unimportant stimulus - red arches1. Hebb’s Rule – If a ...
... little effect on behavior becomes able to evoke a reflexive, species-typical behavior. Ex. Species-typical response – fear becomes paired with an unimportant stimulus – peanut butter. Ex. Species-typical response – salivation becomes paired with unimportant stimulus - red arches1. Hebb’s Rule – If a ...
Music and the Brain: Stravinsky`s Rite of Spring
... b. irregular, jagged nerve impulse patterns c. loud impulse patterns d. euphoria 6) When auditory neurons struggle to make sense of a sound they release: a. the dogs b. Ibuprofen c. Dopamine d. a press release 7) As the Rite of Spring was being premiered, audience members became so agitated that: a. ...
... b. irregular, jagged nerve impulse patterns c. loud impulse patterns d. euphoria 6) When auditory neurons struggle to make sense of a sound they release: a. the dogs b. Ibuprofen c. Dopamine d. a press release 7) As the Rite of Spring was being premiered, audience members became so agitated that: a. ...
enhancing nerve regeneration with a natural, tissue
... model of nerve injury was implemented. A critical gap was created in the rear right leg of rats. The gap was then repaired with a filled conduit—ECM gel filled for the experimental group (n=20) and saline filled for the control group (n=20). Rats were followed to 7, 14, 28, and 90 days post injury a ...
... model of nerve injury was implemented. A critical gap was created in the rear right leg of rats. The gap was then repaired with a filled conduit—ECM gel filled for the experimental group (n=20) and saline filled for the control group (n=20). Rats were followed to 7, 14, 28, and 90 days post injury a ...
Answers to Mastering Concepts Questions
... in order to form tumors. Neurons don’t divide, so it would be less likely that they would lose the ability to regulate cell division. 14. How does the peripheral nervous system interact with the central nervous system to produce perceptions of stimuli? The peripheral nervous system is responsible fo ...
... in order to form tumors. Neurons don’t divide, so it would be less likely that they would lose the ability to regulate cell division. 14. How does the peripheral nervous system interact with the central nervous system to produce perceptions of stimuli? The peripheral nervous system is responsible fo ...
LEARNING OBJECTIVE 5: Explain how an injured nerve fiber may
... 1. In what ways might implanted neuroglia (provided perhaps from fetal tissue), help victims suffering from Alzheimer s disease or AIDS? Answer: By replacing needed neurotransmitters, repairing damaged spinal cords, or alleviating harmful side effects of chemotherapy. ...
... 1. In what ways might implanted neuroglia (provided perhaps from fetal tissue), help victims suffering from Alzheimer s disease or AIDS? Answer: By replacing needed neurotransmitters, repairing damaged spinal cords, or alleviating harmful side effects of chemotherapy. ...
File - BHS AP Psychology
... response to an action potential and these neurotransmitters are chemicals that carry the neural message across the synapse to other neurons during neural transmission allowing for one nerve to communicate with another. __________ Point 9: Synapse: Students should explain that neural transmission inv ...
... response to an action potential and these neurotransmitters are chemicals that carry the neural message across the synapse to other neurons during neural transmission allowing for one nerve to communicate with another. __________ Point 9: Synapse: Students should explain that neural transmission inv ...
NERVOUS SYSTEM
... glands (effectors) Organization of Nervous System – 2 subdivisions: Central Nervous (CNS) – consist of the brain and spinal cord; the function is integration Peripheral Nervous (PNS) – consist of nerves extending from the brain and spinal cord to the body; the functions are sensory input and mot ...
... glands (effectors) Organization of Nervous System – 2 subdivisions: Central Nervous (CNS) – consist of the brain and spinal cord; the function is integration Peripheral Nervous (PNS) – consist of nerves extending from the brain and spinal cord to the body; the functions are sensory input and mot ...
lower motor neurons
... • It descends from the cortex, crosses corona radiata, posterior limb of internal capsule, cerebral peduncle, ventral pons, pyramid of upper medulla, crosses in lower medulla and continues in the lateral funiculus of the spinal cord = corticospinal tract • corticospinal tract is the only direct long ...
... • It descends from the cortex, crosses corona radiata, posterior limb of internal capsule, cerebral peduncle, ventral pons, pyramid of upper medulla, crosses in lower medulla and continues in the lateral funiculus of the spinal cord = corticospinal tract • corticospinal tract is the only direct long ...
Laboratory Exercise 12: Sensory Physiology
... When a receptor is excited a stimulus causes some change of its structure. If the stimulus remains constant over a period of time, the degree of change decreases and the number of nerve impulses (action potentials) fired by the receptor diminishes. This is known as adaptation of the sense organ that ...
... When a receptor is excited a stimulus causes some change of its structure. If the stimulus remains constant over a period of time, the degree of change decreases and the number of nerve impulses (action potentials) fired by the receptor diminishes. This is known as adaptation of the sense organ that ...
Lab #7: Nerve Pathways and Somatosensory Physiology
... phasic receptors. Other sensors, however, show little sensory adaptation with continuous stimulation, and continue to generate action potentials at a constant rate as long as the stimulus is applied. These sensors are called tonic receptors. Somatosensory receptors, like all sensory receptors, funct ...
... phasic receptors. Other sensors, however, show little sensory adaptation with continuous stimulation, and continue to generate action potentials at a constant rate as long as the stimulus is applied. These sensors are called tonic receptors. Somatosensory receptors, like all sensory receptors, funct ...
Properties of reflex action
... onset of afferent stimulation until the response reaches its full magnitude. Cause: • Motor neurons are said to be gradually recruited (activated), one after the other i.e. not excited at the same time. Due to; A. Different velocities of nerve impulses due to different thickness of afferent neurons. ...
... onset of afferent stimulation until the response reaches its full magnitude. Cause: • Motor neurons are said to be gradually recruited (activated), one after the other i.e. not excited at the same time. Due to; A. Different velocities of nerve impulses due to different thickness of afferent neurons. ...
File
... Craniosacral division: the _____________ nervous system, in which nerves originate in the brain stem or sacral region of the spinal cord Dorsal ramus: the division of __________ spinal nerves that transmit motor impulses to the posterior _________ muscles and relay sensory impulses from skin of the ...
... Craniosacral division: the _____________ nervous system, in which nerves originate in the brain stem or sacral region of the spinal cord Dorsal ramus: the division of __________ spinal nerves that transmit motor impulses to the posterior _________ muscles and relay sensory impulses from skin of the ...
neuron
... • Neurons communicate with other neurons and other cells at special junctions called synapses • Neurons usually do not touch each other or other cells • A small gap, called a synaptic cleft, is present between the axon terminal and the receiving cell • Electrical activity in the neuron usually cause ...
... • Neurons communicate with other neurons and other cells at special junctions called synapses • Neurons usually do not touch each other or other cells • A small gap, called a synaptic cleft, is present between the axon terminal and the receiving cell • Electrical activity in the neuron usually cause ...
315midterm - Rocky Mountain College
...The insulation of the axon is called:
At rest the polarity of the axon is:
...
- a) Schann
- b) Myelin Sheath
- c) Schwann Sheath
- d) Sodium Sheath
- predominately positive inside and negative outside
- predominately negative inside and positive outside
- neutral in ...
Fill in the blanks on LB page 67-68.
... 1. Neurons maintain voltage differences because: a. The lipid bilayer restricts passage of sodium, potassium and other ions. b. Channel proteins control ion flow; some are always open, others are gated. 2. When a neuron is in between action potentials: a. There are more potassium ions inside the mem ...
... 1. Neurons maintain voltage differences because: a. The lipid bilayer restricts passage of sodium, potassium and other ions. b. Channel proteins control ion flow; some are always open, others are gated. 2. When a neuron is in between action potentials: a. There are more potassium ions inside the mem ...
Chapter Outlines - Cengage Learning
... Photoreceptors. The photoreceptors contain photopigments that break down in reaction to light and cause changes in photoreceptor membrane potentials. Dark adaptation, the gradually increasing ability to see in the dark, occurs as new photopigments are synthesized. Rods, one type of photoreceptor, co ...
... Photoreceptors. The photoreceptors contain photopigments that break down in reaction to light and cause changes in photoreceptor membrane potentials. Dark adaptation, the gradually increasing ability to see in the dark, occurs as new photopigments are synthesized. Rods, one type of photoreceptor, co ...
Rheobase
Rheobase is a measure of membrane excitability. In neuroscience, rheobase is the minimal current amplitude of infinite duration (in a practical sense, about 300 milliseconds) that results in the depolarization threshold of the cell membranes being reached, such as an action potential or the contraction of a muscle. In Greek, the root ""rhe"" translates to current or flow, and ""basi"" means bottom or foundation: thus the rheobase is the minimum current that will produce an action potential or muscle contraction.Rheobase can be best understood in the context of the strength-duration relationship (Fig. 1). The ease with which a membrane can be stimulated depends on two variables: the strength of the stimulus, and the duration for which the stimulus is applied. These variables are inversely related: as the strength of the applied current increases, the time required to stimulate the membrane decreases (and vice versa) to maintain a constant effect. Mathematically, rheobase is equivalent to half the current that needs to be applied for the duration of chronaxie, which is a strength-duration time constant that corresponds to the duration of time that elicits a response when the nerve is stimulated at twice rheobasic strength.The strength-duration curve was first discovered by G. Weiss in 1901, but it was not until 1909 that Louis Lapicque coined the term ""rheobase"". Many studies are being conducted in relation to rheobase values and the dynamic changes throughout maturation and between different nerve fibers. In the past strength-duration curves and rheobase determinations were used to assess nerve injury; today, they play a role in clinical identification of many neurological pathologies, including as Diabetic neuropathy, CIDP, Machado-Joseph Disease, and ALS.