The Brain and the Neuron (1)
... to motor neurons to move (reflexively) at the same time the info is going to the brain to be perceived ...
... to motor neurons to move (reflexively) at the same time the info is going to the brain to be perceived ...
Communication within the Nervous System
... The Neural Membrane • Moves 3 Na+ outside for every 2 K+ inside ...
... The Neural Membrane • Moves 3 Na+ outside for every 2 K+ inside ...
Neurology
... neurilemma, at regular interval there is myelin free gaps called nodes of Ranvier that facilate faster conduction of impulses. A group of nerve cell bodies in CNS (brain and spinal cord) is called nucleus while group of nerve cell bodies outside CNS is called ganglion. Bundle of neuron fibers within ...
... neurilemma, at regular interval there is myelin free gaps called nodes of Ranvier that facilate faster conduction of impulses. A group of nerve cell bodies in CNS (brain and spinal cord) is called nucleus while group of nerve cell bodies outside CNS is called ganglion. Bundle of neuron fibers within ...
MCB 163: Mammalian Neuroanatomy
... 9. LATERAL CORTICOSPINAL TRACT: Upper motoneurons that project the length of the spinal cord to α motoneurons and which are responsible for rapid and precise muscle contractions and powerful movements, especially of the distal extremities; often damage by stroke, these neurons arise from motor and s ...
... 9. LATERAL CORTICOSPINAL TRACT: Upper motoneurons that project the length of the spinal cord to α motoneurons and which are responsible for rapid and precise muscle contractions and powerful movements, especially of the distal extremities; often damage by stroke, these neurons arise from motor and s ...
Cells of the Nervous System
... to the next instead of traveling along the nerve cell membrane ion by ion. – The jumping or skipping of the impulse that occurs in myelinated fibers is known as saltatory conduction and carries information much faster than in nonmyelinated neurons = gray matter which exhibit continuous conduction. – ...
... to the next instead of traveling along the nerve cell membrane ion by ion. – The jumping or skipping of the impulse that occurs in myelinated fibers is known as saltatory conduction and carries information much faster than in nonmyelinated neurons = gray matter which exhibit continuous conduction. – ...
Motor
... neurons innervating axial musculature are located medially, whereas those innervating the distal musculature are located more laterally. ...
... neurons innervating axial musculature are located medially, whereas those innervating the distal musculature are located more laterally. ...
Slide 1
... The axon of one neuron doesn't touch the dendrites of the next. Nerve signals have to jump across a tiny gap (synaptic cleft). To get across the gap they have to change from electrical signals into chemical signals (neurotransmitters) then back into electrical signals. ...
... The axon of one neuron doesn't touch the dendrites of the next. Nerve signals have to jump across a tiny gap (synaptic cleft). To get across the gap they have to change from electrical signals into chemical signals (neurotransmitters) then back into electrical signals. ...
Retina Rods retina receptors that detect black, white, and gray
... umami is new=protein (see p. 147, Table 4.2 for what taste indicates) Taste buds mostly on tongue, but also on inside cheeks, roof of mouth Taste smell and smell decrease with age Sensory interaction= the principle that one sense may influence another, as when the smell of food influences its taste, ...
... umami is new=protein (see p. 147, Table 4.2 for what taste indicates) Taste buds mostly on tongue, but also on inside cheeks, roof of mouth Taste smell and smell decrease with age Sensory interaction= the principle that one sense may influence another, as when the smell of food influences its taste, ...
Slide 1
... Olfactory receptors influence the targeting of sensory axons to discrete glomeruli in the olfactory bulb. (Adapted, with permission, from Sanes and Yamagata 2009.) A. Each olfactory receptor neuron expresses one of approximately 1,000 possible odorant receptors. Neurons expressing the same receptor ...
... Olfactory receptors influence the targeting of sensory axons to discrete glomeruli in the olfactory bulb. (Adapted, with permission, from Sanes and Yamagata 2009.) A. Each olfactory receptor neuron expresses one of approximately 1,000 possible odorant receptors. Neurons expressing the same receptor ...
Slide ()
... Olfactory receptors influence the targeting of sensory axons to discrete glomeruli in the olfactory bulb. (Adapted, with permission, from Sanes and Yamagata 2009.) A. Each olfactory receptor neuron expresses one of approximately 1,000 possible odorant receptors. Neurons expressing the same receptor ...
... Olfactory receptors influence the targeting of sensory axons to discrete glomeruli in the olfactory bulb. (Adapted, with permission, from Sanes and Yamagata 2009.) A. Each olfactory receptor neuron expresses one of approximately 1,000 possible odorant receptors. Neurons expressing the same receptor ...
Nerve activates contraction
... starts, it is propagated over the entire axon Potassium ions rush out of the neuron after sodium ions rush in, which repolarizes the membrane The sodium-potassium pump restores the original configuration This action requires ATP ...
... starts, it is propagated over the entire axon Potassium ions rush out of the neuron after sodium ions rush in, which repolarizes the membrane The sodium-potassium pump restores the original configuration This action requires ATP ...
Chapter 11
... h. axon depends upon the cell body for everything: organelles, proteins, and enzymes for synthesis of neurotransmitter i. anterograde transport - movement of material from cell body to synaptic knobs ii. retrograde transport - movement of material from synapse to cell body 3. myelin sheath - wrap of ...
... h. axon depends upon the cell body for everything: organelles, proteins, and enzymes for synthesis of neurotransmitter i. anterograde transport - movement of material from cell body to synaptic knobs ii. retrograde transport - movement of material from synapse to cell body 3. myelin sheath - wrap of ...
The Nervous System - leavingcertbiology.net
... • Retina: contains sensory cells (rods and cones) • Vitreous humour: viscous solution - maintains shape of eye • Fovea: area of retina containing only cones (gives sharpest vision) where image is focused • Blind spot: point where all neurons exit the eye – no rods/cones are situated here • Optic ner ...
... • Retina: contains sensory cells (rods and cones) • Vitreous humour: viscous solution - maintains shape of eye • Fovea: area of retina containing only cones (gives sharpest vision) where image is focused • Blind spot: point where all neurons exit the eye – no rods/cones are situated here • Optic ner ...
Nervous System
... 48 The telencephalon is the name for the forebrain, a large region within the brain to which many functions are attributed, which many people refer to as the ________. 51 Gamma-aminobutyric acid (usually abbreviated to ________) is the chief inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system ...
... 48 The telencephalon is the name for the forebrain, a large region within the brain to which many functions are attributed, which many people refer to as the ________. 51 Gamma-aminobutyric acid (usually abbreviated to ________) is the chief inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system ...
PowerPoint version
... Chapter 49 (part 2): Sensory Systems 1. A fish detects vibrations in the water around it by means of its lateral lines, rows of sensory receptors along each side of the body. Based on what you know about sensory receptors, the lateral line receptors are probably which of the following? a. hair cell ...
... Chapter 49 (part 2): Sensory Systems 1. A fish detects vibrations in the water around it by means of its lateral lines, rows of sensory receptors along each side of the body. Based on what you know about sensory receptors, the lateral line receptors are probably which of the following? a. hair cell ...
3/26
... Nerves allow us to perceive the environment while the brain integrates the incoming signals to determine an appropriate response. CB 48.3 ...
... Nerves allow us to perceive the environment while the brain integrates the incoming signals to determine an appropriate response. CB 48.3 ...
in brain & spinal cord
... - - - charge inside c.m +++ charge outside (Also other ions present Ex. Cl-) C.M has gates/channels that allow ions to pass thru ...
... - - - charge inside c.m +++ charge outside (Also other ions present Ex. Cl-) C.M has gates/channels that allow ions to pass thru ...
Nervous System - El Camino College
... them including many nuclei. Functions: Establish emotions and related drives Link intellectual functions of cerebral cortex to autonomic functions of brain stem Control reflexes associated with eating Store and retrieve long-term memories Reticular Formation Is a meshwork of gray and white matters ...
... them including many nuclei. Functions: Establish emotions and related drives Link intellectual functions of cerebral cortex to autonomic functions of brain stem Control reflexes associated with eating Store and retrieve long-term memories Reticular Formation Is a meshwork of gray and white matters ...
Lecture 11b Neurophysiology
... • Faster (why?) and uses less energy (why?) than continuous propagation • Myelin insulates axon, prevents continuous propagation • Local current “jumps” from node to node • Depolarization occurs only at nodes ...
... • Faster (why?) and uses less energy (why?) than continuous propagation • Myelin insulates axon, prevents continuous propagation • Local current “jumps” from node to node • Depolarization occurs only at nodes ...
Lecture 2 Membrane Transport Membrane Transport Unassisted
... “Forward” current flow excites new inactive area “Backward” current flow does not re-excite Direction of propagation of previously active area action potential because this area is in its refractory period ...
... “Forward” current flow excites new inactive area “Backward” current flow does not re-excite Direction of propagation of previously active area action potential because this area is in its refractory period ...
peripheral nervous system
... ①According to the number of their processes, they are described as: Unipolar neuron, Bipolar neuron, Multipolar neuron. ②According to their functions and the direction of transportation, they are described as: Sensory (afferent) neuron Motor (efferent) neuron Intermediate (association) neuron. ...
... ①According to the number of their processes, they are described as: Unipolar neuron, Bipolar neuron, Multipolar neuron. ②According to their functions and the direction of transportation, they are described as: Sensory (afferent) neuron Motor (efferent) neuron Intermediate (association) neuron. ...
Bio 3411 Problem Set 9 Name: (Due Monday, November 28th 2011
... 5. You are studying the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) and make the follow recordings of action potentials in the presynaptic and postsynaptic terminals in response to electrical stimulation of the motor neuron under control conditions. Sketch what you predict your recordings will look like under the ...
... 5. You are studying the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) and make the follow recordings of action potentials in the presynaptic and postsynaptic terminals in response to electrical stimulation of the motor neuron under control conditions. Sketch what you predict your recordings will look like under the ...
The Nervous System
... C. In order to taste something, the food must be dissolved in ______________, therefore the nervous system triggers salivation when it is time to eat D. The solution of saliva and food molecules wash over your taste buds and an impulse is sent to the brain E. The brain interprets the impulse and you ...
... C. In order to taste something, the food must be dissolved in ______________, therefore the nervous system triggers salivation when it is time to eat D. The solution of saliva and food molecules wash over your taste buds and an impulse is sent to the brain E. The brain interprets the impulse and you ...
Rheobase
Rheobase is a measure of membrane excitability. In neuroscience, rheobase is the minimal current amplitude of infinite duration (in a practical sense, about 300 milliseconds) that results in the depolarization threshold of the cell membranes being reached, such as an action potential or the contraction of a muscle. In Greek, the root ""rhe"" translates to current or flow, and ""basi"" means bottom or foundation: thus the rheobase is the minimum current that will produce an action potential or muscle contraction.Rheobase can be best understood in the context of the strength-duration relationship (Fig. 1). The ease with which a membrane can be stimulated depends on two variables: the strength of the stimulus, and the duration for which the stimulus is applied. These variables are inversely related: as the strength of the applied current increases, the time required to stimulate the membrane decreases (and vice versa) to maintain a constant effect. Mathematically, rheobase is equivalent to half the current that needs to be applied for the duration of chronaxie, which is a strength-duration time constant that corresponds to the duration of time that elicits a response when the nerve is stimulated at twice rheobasic strength.The strength-duration curve was first discovered by G. Weiss in 1901, but it was not until 1909 that Louis Lapicque coined the term ""rheobase"". Many studies are being conducted in relation to rheobase values and the dynamic changes throughout maturation and between different nerve fibers. In the past strength-duration curves and rheobase determinations were used to assess nerve injury; today, they play a role in clinical identification of many neurological pathologies, including as Diabetic neuropathy, CIDP, Machado-Joseph Disease, and ALS.