File
... 2. Integration: Interpretation of sensory signals and development of a response. Occurs in brain and spinal cord. 3. Motor Output: Conduction of signals from brain or spinal cord to effector organs (muscles or glands). Controls the activity of muscles and glands, and allows the animal to ...
... 2. Integration: Interpretation of sensory signals and development of a response. Occurs in brain and spinal cord. 3. Motor Output: Conduction of signals from brain or spinal cord to effector organs (muscles or glands). Controls the activity of muscles and glands, and allows the animal to ...
P312Ch11_Auditory II (EarDetails)
... Tensor tympani muscle connects to malleus Stapedius muscle connect to stapes When these muscles contract . . . Malleus is pulled to one side – so doesn’t impart as much movement to incus Stapes is forced to move from side-to-side rather than back and forth The effect of contraction of these muscles ...
... Tensor tympani muscle connects to malleus Stapedius muscle connect to stapes When these muscles contract . . . Malleus is pulled to one side – so doesn’t impart as much movement to incus Stapes is forced to move from side-to-side rather than back and forth The effect of contraction of these muscles ...
Vertebrate Nervous System
... nerve but are found in the head region, not coming from the spine May be visceral/somatic, sensory/motor, general/special Terminal (0) – sensory (olfactory) zeroth nerve cause it’s the first nerve, not present in all vertebrates, prominent in fishes appearance is controversial in mammals, serves as ...
... nerve but are found in the head region, not coming from the spine May be visceral/somatic, sensory/motor, general/special Terminal (0) – sensory (olfactory) zeroth nerve cause it’s the first nerve, not present in all vertebrates, prominent in fishes appearance is controversial in mammals, serves as ...
1 - optometrie.ch
... System. GLIA (not neurons) myelinate axons (white matter) of both the Central Nervous System and the Peripheral Nervous System. HOWEVER, different glia myelinate each. OLIGODENDROCYTES myelinate the Central Nervous System and SCHWANN cells myelinate the Peripheral Nervous System. Also important rela ...
... System. GLIA (not neurons) myelinate axons (white matter) of both the Central Nervous System and the Peripheral Nervous System. HOWEVER, different glia myelinate each. OLIGODENDROCYTES myelinate the Central Nervous System and SCHWANN cells myelinate the Peripheral Nervous System. Also important rela ...
Review Questions for Chapter 1: Studying the Nervous Systems of
... 3. What makes the frog oocyte a useful expression system for studying proteins such as ion channels? 4. Compare the responses of voltage-gated Na+ and K+ channels to depolarization. How would you expect these channel properties to affect the shape, duration and frequency of action potentials? 5. Com ...
... 3. What makes the frog oocyte a useful expression system for studying proteins such as ion channels? 4. Compare the responses of voltage-gated Na+ and K+ channels to depolarization. How would you expect these channel properties to affect the shape, duration and frequency of action potentials? 5. Com ...
P215 - Basic Human Physiology
... – precise control over the body – cholinergic effects (use acetylcholine) ...
... – precise control over the body – cholinergic effects (use acetylcholine) ...
Skeletal, Muscular, Integumentary and Nervous Systems
... Interneuron – passes impulses to brain/spinal cord and then onto motor neurons, found throughout the body connecting sense organs to brain/spinal cord and then back to muscles/glands Motor neurons – passes impulse to muscles or glands to respond to a stimulus, found attached to muscles or glands ...
... Interneuron – passes impulses to brain/spinal cord and then onto motor neurons, found throughout the body connecting sense organs to brain/spinal cord and then back to muscles/glands Motor neurons – passes impulse to muscles or glands to respond to a stimulus, found attached to muscles or glands ...
Five Essential Components to the Reflex Arc
... (ALS) • Also known as Lou Gehrig's disease (baseball player in 1940’s) • It was more recently called the disease of the ice bucket challenge • Physicist Stephen Hawking also has this disease. • A progressive motor neuron disease. • The disorder causes muscle weakness and atrophy throughout the body ...
... (ALS) • Also known as Lou Gehrig's disease (baseball player in 1940’s) • It was more recently called the disease of the ice bucket challenge • Physicist Stephen Hawking also has this disease. • A progressive motor neuron disease. • The disorder causes muscle weakness and atrophy throughout the body ...
Background: Classical fear conditioning is a phenomenon in which
... stimulus that shares similar characteristics with the CS+. This is known as fear generalization. Although some amount of generalization is normal, over generalizing to the CS+ has been implicated as a marker of several anxiety disorders, including panic disorder and PTSD (Lissek et al., 2010). Using ...
... stimulus that shares similar characteristics with the CS+. This is known as fear generalization. Although some amount of generalization is normal, over generalizing to the CS+ has been implicated as a marker of several anxiety disorders, including panic disorder and PTSD (Lissek et al., 2010). Using ...
Schwann cells - Mayfield City Schools
... • Schwann cells wraps many times around the axon – Myelin sheath—concentric layers of Schwann cell membrane ...
... • Schwann cells wraps many times around the axon – Myelin sheath—concentric layers of Schwann cell membrane ...
Lab 11 Nervous System I
... Identify the differences between glial cells in the central nervous system and in the peripheral nervous system. Identify the structures of a typical neuron Compare the location and function of the neuronal shapes. Describe the mechanisms required to establish a resting membrane potential. Identify ...
... Identify the differences between glial cells in the central nervous system and in the peripheral nervous system. Identify the structures of a typical neuron Compare the location and function of the neuronal shapes. Describe the mechanisms required to establish a resting membrane potential. Identify ...
Part B
... is lost through the “leaky” plasma membrane, the voltage declines with distance from the stimulus (the voltage is decremental ). Consequently, graded potentials are short-distance signals. ...
... is lost through the “leaky” plasma membrane, the voltage declines with distance from the stimulus (the voltage is decremental ). Consequently, graded potentials are short-distance signals. ...
Sentraflox AM-10 - Nutrient Pharmacology
... serotonin. In this way, fluoxetine helps relieve depression. Since reuptake is an important mechanism for removing released neurotransmitters and terminating their actions on adjacent nerves, the reduced reuptake caused by fluoxetine increases free serotonin that stimulates nerve cells in the brain. ...
... serotonin. In this way, fluoxetine helps relieve depression. Since reuptake is an important mechanism for removing released neurotransmitters and terminating their actions on adjacent nerves, the reduced reuptake caused by fluoxetine increases free serotonin that stimulates nerve cells in the brain. ...
Nerve sheaths:
... Shwan cells: Provide the sheath to the axon present outside CNC. Axons lying within the CNS are provided with similar sheaths produce by neuroglia cells called oligodendrocytes. Both cells are responsible for myelination To understand the myelin sheath, we have to know it is formation. An axon lyi ...
... Shwan cells: Provide the sheath to the axon present outside CNC. Axons lying within the CNS are provided with similar sheaths produce by neuroglia cells called oligodendrocytes. Both cells are responsible for myelination To understand the myelin sheath, we have to know it is formation. An axon lyi ...
Seminar in Neuroscience Why Corticospinal Motor Neurons Are Important For
... degeneration is key in numerous motor neuron diseases, such as primary lateral scalerosis, hereditary spastic paraplegia, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. CSMN death also leads to long-term paralysis in spinal cord injury patients. Therefore, it is important to understand the cellular and molecula ...
... degeneration is key in numerous motor neuron diseases, such as primary lateral scalerosis, hereditary spastic paraplegia, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. CSMN death also leads to long-term paralysis in spinal cord injury patients. Therefore, it is important to understand the cellular and molecula ...
document
... •The size and shape of the pupil should be recorded at rest. Under normal conditions, the pupil constricts in response to light. Note the direct response, meaning constriction of the illuminated pupil, as well as the consensual response, meaning constriction of the opposite pupil. •Test the pupillar ...
... •The size and shape of the pupil should be recorded at rest. Under normal conditions, the pupil constricts in response to light. Note the direct response, meaning constriction of the illuminated pupil, as well as the consensual response, meaning constriction of the opposite pupil. •Test the pupillar ...
Autonomic Nervous System
... c. adrenal medulla - both types are close to spinal cord, so sympathetic preganglionic fibers are short - sympathetic preganglionic fibers branch and may contact 10-20 postganglionic neurons = divergence - sympathetic preganglionic axons have 4 potential destinations: KNOW FIG. 16.5 reach sympat ...
... c. adrenal medulla - both types are close to spinal cord, so sympathetic preganglionic fibers are short - sympathetic preganglionic fibers branch and may contact 10-20 postganglionic neurons = divergence - sympathetic preganglionic axons have 4 potential destinations: KNOW FIG. 16.5 reach sympat ...
Drugs Acting on the Central and Peripheral Nervous
... nervous system. The human body contains about 14 billion neurons. About 10 billion of these are located in the brain, and the remainder make up the spinal cord and PNS. Neurons have several distinctive cellular features (Figure 19.1). Each neuron is made up of a cell body, or soma, which contains th ...
... nervous system. The human body contains about 14 billion neurons. About 10 billion of these are located in the brain, and the remainder make up the spinal cord and PNS. Neurons have several distinctive cellular features (Figure 19.1). Each neuron is made up of a cell body, or soma, which contains th ...
The Nervous System - Fulton County Schools
... Polio means gray matter The polio virus causes inflammation of the gray matter in the anterior horn motor neurons. These neurons innervate muscles Symptoms: causes muscle paralysis ...
... Polio means gray matter The polio virus causes inflammation of the gray matter in the anterior horn motor neurons. These neurons innervate muscles Symptoms: causes muscle paralysis ...
Methods and Ethics of Psychology
... Please be sure to answer both discussion questions This chapter is full of information that may be brand new to many of you - please check out the links in the following slide for further, simplified information Keep up with the reading and email me questions and ideas as they come up ...
... Please be sure to answer both discussion questions This chapter is full of information that may be brand new to many of you - please check out the links in the following slide for further, simplified information Keep up with the reading and email me questions and ideas as they come up ...
neurons
... Neurons Transmit Signals via Action Potentials: Action Potential (AP): The electrical signal passed along the length of a neuron (+) inside cell; (-) outside cell ...
... Neurons Transmit Signals via Action Potentials: Action Potential (AP): The electrical signal passed along the length of a neuron (+) inside cell; (-) outside cell ...
Nervous System
... 2. Folded like a piece of paper to allow more nerve cells to fit inside the skull 3. Divided into right and left halves 4. Halves control opposite sides of the body 5. Controls thinking processes 6. Controls movement of many muscles 7. Different regions control different activities vi. Cerebellum 1. ...
... 2. Folded like a piece of paper to allow more nerve cells to fit inside the skull 3. Divided into right and left halves 4. Halves control opposite sides of the body 5. Controls thinking processes 6. Controls movement of many muscles 7. Different regions control different activities vi. Cerebellum 1. ...
Rheobase
Rheobase is a measure of membrane excitability. In neuroscience, rheobase is the minimal current amplitude of infinite duration (in a practical sense, about 300 milliseconds) that results in the depolarization threshold of the cell membranes being reached, such as an action potential or the contraction of a muscle. In Greek, the root ""rhe"" translates to current or flow, and ""basi"" means bottom or foundation: thus the rheobase is the minimum current that will produce an action potential or muscle contraction.Rheobase can be best understood in the context of the strength-duration relationship (Fig. 1). The ease with which a membrane can be stimulated depends on two variables: the strength of the stimulus, and the duration for which the stimulus is applied. These variables are inversely related: as the strength of the applied current increases, the time required to stimulate the membrane decreases (and vice versa) to maintain a constant effect. Mathematically, rheobase is equivalent to half the current that needs to be applied for the duration of chronaxie, which is a strength-duration time constant that corresponds to the duration of time that elicits a response when the nerve is stimulated at twice rheobasic strength.The strength-duration curve was first discovered by G. Weiss in 1901, but it was not until 1909 that Louis Lapicque coined the term ""rheobase"". Many studies are being conducted in relation to rheobase values and the dynamic changes throughout maturation and between different nerve fibers. In the past strength-duration curves and rheobase determinations were used to assess nerve injury; today, they play a role in clinical identification of many neurological pathologies, including as Diabetic neuropathy, CIDP, Machado-Joseph Disease, and ALS.