Proceedings - Neuroscience Meetings
... and KCC2 moving chloride out of the cell. The KCC2 function may be both upand down-regulated through a number of mechanisms which allow for the finetune adaptation to a varying transporting load which mostly depends on chloride ...
... and KCC2 moving chloride out of the cell. The KCC2 function may be both upand down-regulated through a number of mechanisms which allow for the finetune adaptation to a varying transporting load which mostly depends on chloride ...
Histamine neurons in the tuberomamillary nucleus: a whole center
... HETEROGENEITY OF HISTAMINE NEURONS IN RESPONSE TO STRESS In the rat brain histaminergic, neuronal somata are grouped within the TMN in five clusters, E1–E5, each of which sends overlapping projections throughout the neuroaxis with a low level of topographical organization, and bridged by scattered n ...
... HETEROGENEITY OF HISTAMINE NEURONS IN RESPONSE TO STRESS In the rat brain histaminergic, neuronal somata are grouped within the TMN in five clusters, E1–E5, each of which sends overlapping projections throughout the neuroaxis with a low level of topographical organization, and bridged by scattered n ...
A circular model for song motor control in Serinus canaria
... by muscles. If the bursts in HVC projection neurons occur temporally close to significant motor instances (like the beginning of the syllables), it is tempting to conjecture that there is a relationship between these events. However, if the burst occurs simultaneously with the acoustic gesture, caus ...
... by muscles. If the bursts in HVC projection neurons occur temporally close to significant motor instances (like the beginning of the syllables), it is tempting to conjecture that there is a relationship between these events. However, if the burst occurs simultaneously with the acoustic gesture, caus ...
Vestibular Signals of Posterior Parietal Cortex Neurons during
... A total of 106 cells were recorded in the intraparietal sulcus of two left hemispheres of two macaque monkeys in response to various visual, vestibular, and oculomotor paradigms, and active-passive head-movement comparisons. Posterior Parietal Vestibular Neurons during Pursuit Head Movements Posteri ...
... A total of 106 cells were recorded in the intraparietal sulcus of two left hemispheres of two macaque monkeys in response to various visual, vestibular, and oculomotor paradigms, and active-passive head-movement comparisons. Posterior Parietal Vestibular Neurons during Pursuit Head Movements Posteri ...
Rostral Fastigial Nucleus Activity in the Alert Monkey During Three
... different orientations 157 apart (including roll, pitch, vertical canal plane and intermediate planes). In addition, sinusoidal rotations around an earth-vertical axis (yaw stimulus) included different roll and pitch positions ( {107, {207 ). The latter positions were also used for static stimulatio ...
... different orientations 157 apart (including roll, pitch, vertical canal plane and intermediate planes). In addition, sinusoidal rotations around an earth-vertical axis (yaw stimulus) included different roll and pitch positions ( {107, {207 ). The latter positions were also used for static stimulatio ...
Variance and invariance of neuronal long
... Downloaded from http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/ on May 6, 2017 ...
... Downloaded from http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/ on May 6, 2017 ...
A neuropsychological theory of metaphor
... stands. Lakoff and Johnson (1999) explicitly claim that there is Ôa vast system of literal concepts, for example, the basic-level concepts and spatial-relations conceptsÕ (p. 58), all of these grounded in sensorimotor experience. But according to Turner (1998), the difference between The sun is a star ...
... stands. Lakoff and Johnson (1999) explicitly claim that there is Ôa vast system of literal concepts, for example, the basic-level concepts and spatial-relations conceptsÕ (p. 58), all of these grounded in sensorimotor experience. But according to Turner (1998), the difference between The sun is a star ...
The role of temporal parameters in a thalamocortical model of analogy
... Abstract—How multiple specialized cortical areas in the brain interact with each other to give rise to an integrated behavior is a largely unanswered question. This paper proposes that such an integration can be understood under the framework of analogy and that part of the thalamus and the thalamic ...
... Abstract—How multiple specialized cortical areas in the brain interact with each other to give rise to an integrated behavior is a largely unanswered question. This paper proposes that such an integration can be understood under the framework of analogy and that part of the thalamus and the thalamic ...
2. Aim of the thesis
... As described above the synaptic cholinergic transmission in the molluscan nervous system has an important role in neuronal network activity. First, the molluscan CNS makes frequently use of fast cholinergic synaptic transmission and various pharmacologically distinct types of nAChRs. Second, the cho ...
... As described above the synaptic cholinergic transmission in the molluscan nervous system has an important role in neuronal network activity. First, the molluscan CNS makes frequently use of fast cholinergic synaptic transmission and various pharmacologically distinct types of nAChRs. Second, the cho ...
Changes in Prefrontal Neuronal Activity after
... strategies in the task, increasing efficiency (Klingberg 2010). Even an unequivocal change in brain activation after learning to perform a working memory task cannot resolve the nature of underlying neuronal changes. In principle, increased activation could be the result of a larger cortical populati ...
... strategies in the task, increasing efficiency (Klingberg 2010). Even an unequivocal change in brain activation after learning to perform a working memory task cannot resolve the nature of underlying neuronal changes. In principle, increased activation could be the result of a larger cortical populati ...
Forward Processing of Long-Term Associative Memory in Monkey
... Figure 2. Stimulus-selective responses to both paired associates of two representative A36 neurons (A and B for one neuron; C and D for the other neuron). A, C, Raster displays and PSTHs in the optimal (optimal, thick black line) and pair ( pair, thick gray line) trials. The trials were aligned at t ...
... Figure 2. Stimulus-selective responses to both paired associates of two representative A36 neurons (A and B for one neuron; C and D for the other neuron). A, C, Raster displays and PSTHs in the optimal (optimal, thick black line) and pair ( pair, thick gray line) trials. The trials were aligned at t ...
Nervous System - Neuron and Nerve Impulse PowerPoint
... • blood-glucose level increases • muscles tense up, energized by adrenaline and glucose (responsible for goose bumps -- when tiny muscles attached to each hair on surface of skin tense up, the hairs are forced upright, pulling skin with them) • smooth muscle relaxes in order to allow more oxygen int ...
... • blood-glucose level increases • muscles tense up, energized by adrenaline and glucose (responsible for goose bumps -- when tiny muscles attached to each hair on surface of skin tense up, the hairs are forced upright, pulling skin with them) • smooth muscle relaxes in order to allow more oxygen int ...
The Basal Ganglia and Involuntary Movements
... movements tend to vary in location from movement to movement. Similarly, the difference between dystonic tics and the muscle contractions of dystonia is that dystonia tics tend to be highly stereotyped. A comprehensive scheme for understanding the pathophysiologic characteristics of involuntary move ...
... movements tend to vary in location from movement to movement. Similarly, the difference between dystonic tics and the muscle contractions of dystonia is that dystonia tics tend to be highly stereotyped. A comprehensive scheme for understanding the pathophysiologic characteristics of involuntary move ...
Parallel Processing of Appetitive Short- and Long
... adenylyl cyclase (AC) encoded by the rutabaga (rut) gene [21] is necessary to aversive olfactory conditioning where an odorant is associated to electric shock. RUT AC was proposed to function as a coincidence detector [11, 12, 22– 24], integrating both the olfactory information carried by projection ...
... adenylyl cyclase (AC) encoded by the rutabaga (rut) gene [21] is necessary to aversive olfactory conditioning where an odorant is associated to electric shock. RUT AC was proposed to function as a coincidence detector [11, 12, 22– 24], integrating both the olfactory information carried by projection ...
Robo1 Regulates the Migration and Laminar Distribution of Upper
... Indeed, an increasing number of genes have been identified that control the early phase of radial migration (Caviness and Rakic 1978; Gupta et al. 2002; Nadarajah and Parnavelas 2002; Tsai and Gleeson 2005; Cooper 2008; Huang 2009; Honda et al. 2011). In contrast, much less is known about how the ter ...
... Indeed, an increasing number of genes have been identified that control the early phase of radial migration (Caviness and Rakic 1978; Gupta et al. 2002; Nadarajah and Parnavelas 2002; Tsai and Gleeson 2005; Cooper 2008; Huang 2009; Honda et al. 2011). In contrast, much less is known about how the ter ...
Extracellular Matrix Molecules and Cell Adhesion Molecules Induce
... on both of these CAMs is inhibited, however. Additionally, phorbol esters, which have no effect on neurite growth when optimal laminin concentrations are used, potentiate growth even on optimal concentrations of L1 or N-cadherin. The results indicate that different intracellular mechanisms operate d ...
... on both of these CAMs is inhibited, however. Additionally, phorbol esters, which have no effect on neurite growth when optimal laminin concentrations are used, potentiate growth even on optimal concentrations of L1 or N-cadherin. The results indicate that different intracellular mechanisms operate d ...
PDF - Center for Neural Science
... labeled by their preferred cues (0o to 360o). Pyramidal cells with similar preferred cues are connected through local E-to-E connections. Interneurons receive inputs from excitatory cells and send feedback inhibition by broad projections. (B) Left: schematic single pyramidal cell model endowed with ...
... labeled by their preferred cues (0o to 360o). Pyramidal cells with similar preferred cues are connected through local E-to-E connections. Interneurons receive inputs from excitatory cells and send feedback inhibition by broad projections. (B) Left: schematic single pyramidal cell model endowed with ...
The effect of spinal cord injury on the neurochemical properties of
... complications such as bladder, bowel and sexual dysfunction affect health and quality of ...
... complications such as bladder, bowel and sexual dysfunction affect health and quality of ...
Neural Correlates for Perception of 3D Surface Orientation from
... CIP neurons. After the unit recording, we conducted a behavioral test to confirm that monkeys perceive depth from texture gradient. Although psychophysical studies suggest that humans perceive depth from texture gradient (15–17 ), there are few data to suggest that animals, including monkeys, percei ...
... CIP neurons. After the unit recording, we conducted a behavioral test to confirm that monkeys perceive depth from texture gradient. Although psychophysical studies suggest that humans perceive depth from texture gradient (15–17 ), there are few data to suggest that animals, including monkeys, percei ...
Prefrontal Neurons Coding Suppression of Specific Saccades
... and substantia nigra (Hikosaka and Wurtz, 1983) discharge tonically except in the interval around the saccade. Fixation is an active process. When monkeys actively fixate, the threshold for evoking saccades by electrical stimulation from the FEF (Goldberg et al., 1986) and superior colliculus (Schil ...
... and substantia nigra (Hikosaka and Wurtz, 1983) discharge tonically except in the interval around the saccade. Fixation is an active process. When monkeys actively fixate, the threshold for evoking saccades by electrical stimulation from the FEF (Goldberg et al., 1986) and superior colliculus (Schil ...
Pathophysiology of Paresthesia
... sensitization and hyperalgesia via distinct and overlapping synaptic mechanisms in superficial dorsal horn neurons either by increasing excitatory synaptic transmission or by decreasing inhibitory synaptic transmission. PICs may further induce long-term synaptic plasticity through cAMP response elem ...
... sensitization and hyperalgesia via distinct and overlapping synaptic mechanisms in superficial dorsal horn neurons either by increasing excitatory synaptic transmission or by decreasing inhibitory synaptic transmission. PICs may further induce long-term synaptic plasticity through cAMP response elem ...
Selective Loss of Catecholaminergic Wake–Active Neurons in a
... independent variables of behavioral state and LTIH condition. A Bonferroni’s correction was performed for the number of wake groups analyzed ( p ⬍ 0.01). Cleaved caspase-3 immunohistochemistry. In addition to demonstrating functional impairment with changes in wake c-fos responses, we sought to demo ...
... independent variables of behavioral state and LTIH condition. A Bonferroni’s correction was performed for the number of wake groups analyzed ( p ⬍ 0.01). Cleaved caspase-3 immunohistochemistry. In addition to demonstrating functional impairment with changes in wake c-fos responses, we sought to demo ...
Prenatal morphine exposure alters the layer II/III pyramidal neurons
... females in each group) were anesthetized with urethane and perfused with 0.9% saline solution. Brains were removed and prepared for Golgi-Cox staining according to procedures described by Gibb and Kolb (1998): the removed brains were stored in the darkness for 14 days in Golgi-Cox solution, then 4 d ...
... females in each group) were anesthetized with urethane and perfused with 0.9% saline solution. Brains were removed and prepared for Golgi-Cox staining according to procedures described by Gibb and Kolb (1998): the removed brains were stored in the darkness for 14 days in Golgi-Cox solution, then 4 d ...
Action recognition in the premotor cortex
... As described above, the majority of mirror neurons responded to the observation of one action only. In this section we will show examples of these neurons and illustrate their properties. For the sake of simplicity the different types of neurons will be named with the action that activated them. The ...
... As described above, the majority of mirror neurons responded to the observation of one action only. In this section we will show examples of these neurons and illustrate their properties. For the sake of simplicity the different types of neurons will be named with the action that activated them. The ...
Pre-Bötzinger complex
The pre-Bötzinger complex (preBötC) is a cluster of interneurons in the ventrolateral medulla of the brainstem. This complex has been proven to be essential for the generation of respiratory rhythm in mammals. The exact mechanism of the rhythm generation and transmission to motor nuclei remains controversial and the topic of much present research.Several synthetic compounds have been shown to act on neurons specific to the preBötC, most being selective agonists or antagonists to receptor subtypes on neurons in the vicinity. Since many of these neurons express GABA, glutamate, serotonin and adenosine receptors, chemicals custom tailored to bind at these sites are most effective at altering respiratory rhythm.Adenosine modulates the preBötC output via activation of the A1 and A2A receptor subtypes. An adenosine A1 receptor agonist has been shown to depress preBötC rhythmogenesis independent of the neurotransmitters GABA and glycine in ""in vitro"" preparations from 0-7 day old mice. Another synthetic drug specific to the adenosine A2A receptor subtype is CGS-21680 that has been shown to cause apneas in 14-21 day old rat pups in vivo. For this reason, it has been used as a model to study pathological conditions such as apnea of prematurity and SIDS in neonatal infants.