The effect of fasting on the ultrastructure of the hypothalamic arcuate
... 4A, C, 5A, 6A) among other ultrastructural changes. They were formed by two cisternae of the RER attached closely to each other. Their outer membranes were irregularly studded with ribosomes. The narrow cleft between two adjacent membranes was often filled with moderately dense material. In the cont ...
... 4A, C, 5A, 6A) among other ultrastructural changes. They were formed by two cisternae of the RER attached closely to each other. Their outer membranes were irregularly studded with ribosomes. The narrow cleft between two adjacent membranes was often filled with moderately dense material. In the cont ...
Clonal analysis of the mushroom bodies
... division pattern of which is illustrated in Fig. 1D, one can generate Nb, 2-cell, or single-cell clones depending on when mitotic recombination occurs and which cell loses the repressor. By controlling the timing of mitotic recombination with a heat-shock promoter-driven FLP recombinase transgene, a ...
... division pattern of which is illustrated in Fig. 1D, one can generate Nb, 2-cell, or single-cell clones depending on when mitotic recombination occurs and which cell loses the repressor. By controlling the timing of mitotic recombination with a heat-shock promoter-driven FLP recombinase transgene, a ...
HECTtype E3 ubiquitin ligases in nerve cell development and
... input and output sites. Neuronal polarization begins when the multipolar newborn neurons attach to radial glial cell processes and acquire bipolar cell shapes. The neuronal polarization includes asymmetrical distribution of polarity proteins, cytoskeletal components, and cellular organelles into the ...
... input and output sites. Neuronal polarization begins when the multipolar newborn neurons attach to radial glial cell processes and acquire bipolar cell shapes. The neuronal polarization includes asymmetrical distribution of polarity proteins, cytoskeletal components, and cellular organelles into the ...
Comparative molecular neuroanatomy of mammalian neocortex
... use the glutamate as the neurotransmitter to excite the target neurons. The inhibitory neurons occupy only 10-20 % of the cortical neurons, but greatly influence the excitability of pyramidal neurons by GABA-mediated inhibition of neuronal firing. Interestingly, immunolabeling for various neurotranm ...
... use the glutamate as the neurotransmitter to excite the target neurons. The inhibitory neurons occupy only 10-20 % of the cortical neurons, but greatly influence the excitability of pyramidal neurons by GABA-mediated inhibition of neuronal firing. Interestingly, immunolabeling for various neurotranm ...
Progress Report – Glover
... Søviknes has also carried out a systematic assessment of neurogenesis in the entire central nervous system using timed applications of the thymidine analog BrdU. Through this work, we now know when neurons are born in the different parts of the nervous system, important information for future experi ...
... Søviknes has also carried out a systematic assessment of neurogenesis in the entire central nervous system using timed applications of the thymidine analog BrdU. Through this work, we now know when neurons are born in the different parts of the nervous system, important information for future experi ...
Regulation of Neuroblast Cell-Cycle Kinetics Plays a Crucial Role in
... to ensure optimal blackening levels, which minimizes the problem of f used grains (Dörmer, 1967; Rogers, 1967; Dörmer and Brinkmann, 1968; Dörmer and Möller, 1968; Sidman, 1970). This is illustrated for individual neurons in different layers of parietal area 3 after injection on E14.5 (Fig. 1). ...
... to ensure optimal blackening levels, which minimizes the problem of f used grains (Dörmer, 1967; Rogers, 1967; Dörmer and Brinkmann, 1968; Dörmer and Möller, 1968; Sidman, 1970). This is illustrated for individual neurons in different layers of parietal area 3 after injection on E14.5 (Fig. 1). ...
Capogna Curr Opin Neurobiol 2014
... and synaptic plasticity Few studies have clarified the inputs to BLA GABAergic cells as well as their specialized roles within the network. The PV+ interneurons receive strong excitatory inputs from P-cells of BLA but weak inputs from the cerebral cortex [45] suggesting a main role in feedback inhib ...
... and synaptic plasticity Few studies have clarified the inputs to BLA GABAergic cells as well as their specialized roles within the network. The PV+ interneurons receive strong excitatory inputs from P-cells of BLA but weak inputs from the cerebral cortex [45] suggesting a main role in feedback inhib ...
Simulation of signal flow in 3D reconstructions of an anatomically
... morphology and connectivity patterns established among diverse neuronal cell types. The single neuron represents the elemental functional unit of these networks. Depending on their dendrite morphology, as well as their synaptic innervations and conductance distributions, neurons perform (non-) linea ...
... morphology and connectivity patterns established among diverse neuronal cell types. The single neuron represents the elemental functional unit of these networks. Depending on their dendrite morphology, as well as their synaptic innervations and conductance distributions, neurons perform (non-) linea ...
PDF
... that spans the cortical wall, they extend a long basal process attached to the pial surface and a shorter apical process to the ventricle. Radial glia-like cells lacking an apical process can be found in the mouse SVZ and are called the outer RGCs (oRGCs). Spiny stellate neurons. These cells, mainly ...
... that spans the cortical wall, they extend a long basal process attached to the pial surface and a shorter apical process to the ventricle. Radial glia-like cells lacking an apical process can be found in the mouse SVZ and are called the outer RGCs (oRGCs). Spiny stellate neurons. These cells, mainly ...
Basal Ganglia Outputs Map Instantaneous Position Coordinates
... none, and that the output from the BG does not contribute to movement kinematics. Recently, we found that putative GABAergic output neurons from the SNr were significantly modulated by postural disturbance, while tilting the mouse along the roll axis (Barter et al., 2014). Some neurons increased fir ...
... none, and that the output from the BG does not contribute to movement kinematics. Recently, we found that putative GABAergic output neurons from the SNr were significantly modulated by postural disturbance, while tilting the mouse along the roll axis (Barter et al., 2014). Some neurons increased fir ...
Signals Conveyed in the Pulvinar Pathway from Superior Colliculus
... inhibitory surrounds, and relatively large receptive fields that increased with eccentricity, as well as minimal presaccadic activity. Beyond these basic properties, there were two salient results regarding the modulatory and motion signals conveyed by this ascending pathway. First, the PI neurons a ...
... inhibitory surrounds, and relatively large receptive fields that increased with eccentricity, as well as minimal presaccadic activity. Beyond these basic properties, there were two salient results regarding the modulatory and motion signals conveyed by this ascending pathway. First, the PI neurons a ...
How Do Neurons Communicate?
... The first good electron micrographs, made in the 1950s, revealed many of the structures of a synapse. In the center of the micrograph in Figure 5-4 is a typical chemical synapse. The synapse is in color and its parts are labeled. The upper part of the synapse is the axon and terminal; the lower part ...
... The first good electron micrographs, made in the 1950s, revealed many of the structures of a synapse. In the center of the micrograph in Figure 5-4 is a typical chemical synapse. The synapse is in color and its parts are labeled. The upper part of the synapse is the axon and terminal; the lower part ...
the superior Olivary complex
... exclusively found in the SPON (Kulesza et al., 2003). Unlike the robust off response seen in the unanesthetized rabbit (e.g., see Figure 7–8), the off responses in the anesthetized rat often constitutes a single action potential. Neurons in the DMPO and SPON project to the ipsilateral IC using GABA ...
... exclusively found in the SPON (Kulesza et al., 2003). Unlike the robust off response seen in the unanesthetized rabbit (e.g., see Figure 7–8), the off responses in the anesthetized rat often constitutes a single action potential. Neurons in the DMPO and SPON project to the ipsilateral IC using GABA ...
Viewpoint - Columbia University
... Equation 1 actually plays a functional role in determining the attentional switching time. However, despite its correlation with behavior, the crossing time of any neuron cannot be available on a single trial; average responses from two different trial types are required for its calculation. This on ...
... Equation 1 actually plays a functional role in determining the attentional switching time. However, despite its correlation with behavior, the crossing time of any neuron cannot be available on a single trial; average responses from two different trial types are required for its calculation. This on ...
The Fraction of Cortical GABAergic Neurons Is Constant from Near
... Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, and 2Department of Genetic and Behavioral Neuroscience, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan ...
... Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, and 2Department of Genetic and Behavioral Neuroscience, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan ...
Networks of Spiking Neurons: The Third Generation of
... bit 1 is coded by the firing of a neuron within a certain short time window, and 0 by the non-firing of this neuron within this time window (see e.g., Valiant, 1994). However, under this coding scheme a threshold circuit provides a reasonably good model for a network of spiking neurons only if the f ...
... bit 1 is coded by the firing of a neuron within a certain short time window, and 0 by the non-firing of this neuron within this time window (see e.g., Valiant, 1994). However, under this coding scheme a threshold circuit provides a reasonably good model for a network of spiking neurons only if the f ...
Neural Coding: Higher Order Temporal Patterns in the
... other specific timing relation in the firing of the involved neurons. If two neurons converge on a third one, their synaptic influence is much larger for near-coincident firing, due to the spatiotemporal summation in the dendrite (Abeles, 1991; Abeles, Bergman, Margalit and Vaadia, 1993). Thus syn-f ...
... other specific timing relation in the firing of the involved neurons. If two neurons converge on a third one, their synaptic influence is much larger for near-coincident firing, due to the spatiotemporal summation in the dendrite (Abeles, 1991; Abeles, Bergman, Margalit and Vaadia, 1993). Thus syn-f ...
Pre-Bötzinger complex
The pre-Bötzinger complex (preBötC) is a cluster of interneurons in the ventrolateral medulla of the brainstem. This complex has been proven to be essential for the generation of respiratory rhythm in mammals. The exact mechanism of the rhythm generation and transmission to motor nuclei remains controversial and the topic of much present research.Several synthetic compounds have been shown to act on neurons specific to the preBötC, most being selective agonists or antagonists to receptor subtypes on neurons in the vicinity. Since many of these neurons express GABA, glutamate, serotonin and adenosine receptors, chemicals custom tailored to bind at these sites are most effective at altering respiratory rhythm.Adenosine modulates the preBötC output via activation of the A1 and A2A receptor subtypes. An adenosine A1 receptor agonist has been shown to depress preBötC rhythmogenesis independent of the neurotransmitters GABA and glycine in ""in vitro"" preparations from 0-7 day old mice. Another synthetic drug specific to the adenosine A2A receptor subtype is CGS-21680 that has been shown to cause apneas in 14-21 day old rat pups in vivo. For this reason, it has been used as a model to study pathological conditions such as apnea of prematurity and SIDS in neonatal infants.