morphometric parameters of the structures of the medulla oblongata
... in the neural systems that form the nucleus of hypoglossal nerve. 3. The dorsal nucleus of the vagus nerve is represented by two accessory nuclei which is not typical for this gestational age. 4. The neuron systems forming the inferior olive, sensitive nuclei of cranial nerves and nuclei of serotoni ...
... in the neural systems that form the nucleus of hypoglossal nerve. 3. The dorsal nucleus of the vagus nerve is represented by two accessory nuclei which is not typical for this gestational age. 4. The neuron systems forming the inferior olive, sensitive nuclei of cranial nerves and nuclei of serotoni ...
EVOLUTIONARY AUTONOMOUS AGENTS: A NEUROSCIENCE
... on the basis of certain sensory stimuli16, and in particular, as in the EAA simulation, by food arousal17,18. This activity has been shown to control a variety of motor repertoires, mainly by inducing different activity patterns in the same network by modulating neuronal activity21,22 — again, in a ...
... on the basis of certain sensory stimuli16, and in particular, as in the EAA simulation, by food arousal17,18. This activity has been shown to control a variety of motor repertoires, mainly by inducing different activity patterns in the same network by modulating neuronal activity21,22 — again, in a ...
Ventral Premotor and Inferior Parietal Cortices
... defined Pre and Post epochs, respectively. In order to compare the discharge of each neuron in different conditions and epochs, a 2 3 3 analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures (factors: Condition and Epoch) was performed in both the motor and the visual task for all neurons, followed by Bo ...
... defined Pre and Post epochs, respectively. In order to compare the discharge of each neuron in different conditions and epochs, a 2 3 3 analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures (factors: Condition and Epoch) was performed in both the motor and the visual task for all neurons, followed by Bo ...
Quantitative morphological changes in neurons from the dorsal
... Area, perimeter, and maximum diameter of neuronal cell bodies and nuclei followed similar modifications during aging (Tables 2 and 3). Thus we observed that no significant changes occurred in any parameter from the 3rd to the 24th month except for a slight increase (7.2%, P , 0.05) in the maximum so ...
... Area, perimeter, and maximum diameter of neuronal cell bodies and nuclei followed similar modifications during aging (Tables 2 and 3). Thus we observed that no significant changes occurred in any parameter from the 3rd to the 24th month except for a slight increase (7.2%, P , 0.05) in the maximum so ...
Rich-club organization in effective connectivity among cortical neurons
... Many studies have focused on communication networks between cortical brain regions. In contrast, very few studies have examined communication networks within a cortical region. This is the first study to combine such a large number of neurons (several hundred at a time) with such high temporal resol ...
... Many studies have focused on communication networks between cortical brain regions. In contrast, very few studies have examined communication networks within a cortical region. This is the first study to combine such a large number of neurons (several hundred at a time) with such high temporal resol ...
Full version (PDF file)
... Muscarine produces a differential dose-dependent decrease in V-DPSP and D-DPSP At RMPs, focal electrical stimulation of the ventral and dorsal NAc evoked DPSP in 29 and 34 neurons, respectively, defined as V-DPSP and D-DPSP. The amplitudes of both DPSPs were graded with the intensity of the stimulat ...
... Muscarine produces a differential dose-dependent decrease in V-DPSP and D-DPSP At RMPs, focal electrical stimulation of the ventral and dorsal NAc evoked DPSP in 29 and 34 neurons, respectively, defined as V-DPSP and D-DPSP. The amplitudes of both DPSPs were graded with the intensity of the stimulat ...
Lema and Nevitt, 2004a
... prime candidate for physiologically mediating the diversification of Death Valley pupfishes. AVT previously has been recognized in fish to regulate plasma osmolality (Kulczykowska, 1997), vasodilation (Warne and Balment, 1997), and the secretion of adenohypophyseal hormones (Baker et al., 1996). But AV ...
... prime candidate for physiologically mediating the diversification of Death Valley pupfishes. AVT previously has been recognized in fish to regulate plasma osmolality (Kulczykowska, 1997), vasodilation (Warne and Balment, 1997), and the secretion of adenohypophyseal hormones (Baker et al., 1996). But AV ...
and Third-Order Neurons of Cockroach Ocelli
... responses are essentially linear. Second-order neurons o f a variety of visual systems also generate essentially linear responses. This is the case in vertebrate retinas (Naka et al., 1979; Tranchina et al., 1983; Chappell et al., 1985), in Limulus lateral eyes (Knight et al., 1970), in insect compo ...
... responses are essentially linear. Second-order neurons o f a variety of visual systems also generate essentially linear responses. This is the case in vertebrate retinas (Naka et al., 1979; Tranchina et al., 1983; Chappell et al., 1985), in Limulus lateral eyes (Knight et al., 1970), in insect compo ...
A quantitative description of the mouse piriform cortex
... connection matrix. The number of glomeruli is already known, and the number of neurons is available from this report. To complete the model, therefore, we need an estimate of the synaptic connection strength. In a seemingly random network such as the one between glomeruli and piriform neurons, the s ...
... connection matrix. The number of glomeruli is already known, and the number of neurons is available from this report. To complete the model, therefore, we need an estimate of the synaptic connection strength. In a seemingly random network such as the one between glomeruli and piriform neurons, the s ...
A mathematical model on REM-NREM cycle
... The central nervous system [CNS] is composed entirely of two kinds of specialized cells: neurons and glia. Neurons are the basic information processing structures in the CNS. The function of a neuron is to receive INPUT ”information” from other neurons, to process that information, then to send ”inf ...
... The central nervous system [CNS] is composed entirely of two kinds of specialized cells: neurons and glia. Neurons are the basic information processing structures in the CNS. The function of a neuron is to receive INPUT ”information” from other neurons, to process that information, then to send ”inf ...
Neural Coding and Auditory Perception
... of reverberation across the population of low-frequency neurons. Neurons in the IC also display a wide variety of temporal response patterns to tones and noise. Notably, many neurons fire more action potentials in the earlier portions of the stimulus than in later portions, a feature termed spike ra ...
... of reverberation across the population of low-frequency neurons. Neurons in the IC also display a wide variety of temporal response patterns to tones and noise. Notably, many neurons fire more action potentials in the earlier portions of the stimulus than in later portions, a feature termed spike ra ...
Potential switch from eupnea to fictive gasping after blockade of
... potassium currents (34, 35). Our modeling studies have demonstrated that the reduction of these currents may change the balance between the potassium currents and persistent sodium current, allowing the latter to overcome the former. This, in turn, may release the persistent sodium-dependent intrins ...
... potassium currents (34, 35). Our modeling studies have demonstrated that the reduction of these currents may change the balance between the potassium currents and persistent sodium current, allowing the latter to overcome the former. This, in turn, may release the persistent sodium-dependent intrins ...
CLM UMR-S 839 INSERM/UPMC Institut du Fer a Moulin
... behavior. Two sessions will examine the recent technological advances in a wide range of topics spanning from synaptic integration, and transduction mechanisms implicated in the plasticity of synaptic signaling, to the probing of neural circuits during sensory modalities, action and development. Thi ...
... behavior. Two sessions will examine the recent technological advances in a wide range of topics spanning from synaptic integration, and transduction mechanisms implicated in the plasticity of synaptic signaling, to the probing of neural circuits during sensory modalities, action and development. Thi ...
Differential responses in three thalamic nuclei in moderately
... with survivals between 3 and 22 years after admission); 12 severely disabled patients (mean age 40 years, range 23–70, with survivals between 4 weeks and 8 years) and 10 vegetative patients (mean age 39 years, range 18–64, with survivals between 3 and 27 months). All but two of the severely disabled ...
... with survivals between 3 and 22 years after admission); 12 severely disabled patients (mean age 40 years, range 23–70, with survivals between 4 weeks and 8 years) and 10 vegetative patients (mean age 39 years, range 18–64, with survivals between 3 and 27 months). All but two of the severely disabled ...
Relationship of Activity in the Subthalamic Nucleus–Globus Pallidus
... in slow-wave activity (SWA), or that result from sensory stimulation, are analogous to global arousal (Buzsáki et al., 1988; Steriade et al., 1990, 1993a; Metherate et al., 1992; Contreras and Steriade, 1997b). Thus, the anesthetized preparation is a good model for establishing the impact of extrem ...
... in slow-wave activity (SWA), or that result from sensory stimulation, are analogous to global arousal (Buzsáki et al., 1988; Steriade et al., 1990, 1993a; Metherate et al., 1992; Contreras and Steriade, 1997b). Thus, the anesthetized preparation is a good model for establishing the impact of extrem ...
Shootin1 - The Journal of Cell Biology
... cytoskeleton are important, as actin filament instability (Bradke and Dotti, 1999) and tubulin assembly by collapsin response mediator protein-2 (Inagaki et al., 2001; Arimura and Kaibuchi, 2005) are reported to initiate axon formation. Recent work has shown that spatially localized intracellular si ...
... cytoskeleton are important, as actin filament instability (Bradke and Dotti, 1999) and tubulin assembly by collapsin response mediator protein-2 (Inagaki et al., 2001; Arimura and Kaibuchi, 2005) are reported to initiate axon formation. Recent work has shown that spatially localized intracellular si ...
Cortical cfos Expression Reveals Broad Receptive Field Excitatory
... The short latency sensory-evoked synaptic response reflects both direct thalamic and recurrent cortical inputs into the layer 2 network. To isolate this response for comparison between cells, we focused analysis on the earliest synaptic response: the first 30 ms following whisker deflection. Respons ...
... The short latency sensory-evoked synaptic response reflects both direct thalamic and recurrent cortical inputs into the layer 2 network. To isolate this response for comparison between cells, we focused analysis on the earliest synaptic response: the first 30 ms following whisker deflection. Respons ...
autonomic nervous system
... Adrenergic Neurons and Receptors • The main types of adrenergic receptors are alpha and beta receptors. These receptors are further classified into subtypes. – Alpha1 and Beta1 receptors produce excitation – Alpha2 and Beta2 receptors cause inhibition – Beta3 receptors (brown fat) increase thermoge ...
... Adrenergic Neurons and Receptors • The main types of adrenergic receptors are alpha and beta receptors. These receptors are further classified into subtypes. – Alpha1 and Beta1 receptors produce excitation – Alpha2 and Beta2 receptors cause inhibition – Beta3 receptors (brown fat) increase thermoge ...
2002 - reptile respiration and controlled ventilation during anesthesia
... and the ventilator settings are adjusted. 'The MIP is reduced and the EL increased in an attempt to hypoventilate the patient, allowing PaC02 to rise to a point that it will stimulate the return of spontaneous ventilation. The principles of ventilation during anesthesia in reptiles are similar wheth ...
... and the ventilator settings are adjusted. 'The MIP is reduced and the EL increased in an attempt to hypoventilate the patient, allowing PaC02 to rise to a point that it will stimulate the return of spontaneous ventilation. The principles of ventilation during anesthesia in reptiles are similar wheth ...
Neural Mechanisms for Binaural Interactions in the Superior Olivary
... bulb), while the second component is postsynaptic. • Intracellular recordings from labeled MNTB principal cells show the same response to sound as pre-potential units, confirming that these units are the MNTB principal cells. ...
... bulb), while the second component is postsynaptic. • Intracellular recordings from labeled MNTB principal cells show the same response to sound as pre-potential units, confirming that these units are the MNTB principal cells. ...
Chapter 14 - apsubiology.org
... elevates blood glucose levels for use by nervous tissue shifts cellular metabolism to fats for other tissues stimulates the reticular activating system (RAS) of the brain, increasing mental alertness ...
... elevates blood glucose levels for use by nervous tissue shifts cellular metabolism to fats for other tissues stimulates the reticular activating system (RAS) of the brain, increasing mental alertness ...
Sample pages 2 PDF
... avenue in the study of neurotransmission that has started recently to be explored. Colocalization of classical neurotransmitters within single terminals was initially perceived as a curiosity and their potential co-release was viewed with skepticism. The molecular explanation, as well as the physiol ...
... avenue in the study of neurotransmission that has started recently to be explored. Colocalization of classical neurotransmitters within single terminals was initially perceived as a curiosity and their potential co-release was viewed with skepticism. The molecular explanation, as well as the physiol ...
Pre-Bötzinger complex
The pre-Bötzinger complex (preBötC) is a cluster of interneurons in the ventrolateral medulla of the brainstem. This complex has been proven to be essential for the generation of respiratory rhythm in mammals. The exact mechanism of the rhythm generation and transmission to motor nuclei remains controversial and the topic of much present research.Several synthetic compounds have been shown to act on neurons specific to the preBötC, most being selective agonists or antagonists to receptor subtypes on neurons in the vicinity. Since many of these neurons express GABA, glutamate, serotonin and adenosine receptors, chemicals custom tailored to bind at these sites are most effective at altering respiratory rhythm.Adenosine modulates the preBötC output via activation of the A1 and A2A receptor subtypes. An adenosine A1 receptor agonist has been shown to depress preBötC rhythmogenesis independent of the neurotransmitters GABA and glycine in ""in vitro"" preparations from 0-7 day old mice. Another synthetic drug specific to the adenosine A2A receptor subtype is CGS-21680 that has been shown to cause apneas in 14-21 day old rat pups in vivo. For this reason, it has been used as a model to study pathological conditions such as apnea of prematurity and SIDS in neonatal infants.