Fig. - Development - The Company of Biologists
... Edn1−/− mutants is not able to attract and redirect the peripheral projections of maxillary primary sensory neurons. Furthermore, the central axon of neurons innervating the duplicated whisker pad did not intermingle with the axons of the neurons innervating the maxillary whisker pad and maintained ...
... Edn1−/− mutants is not able to attract and redirect the peripheral projections of maxillary primary sensory neurons. Furthermore, the central axon of neurons innervating the duplicated whisker pad did not intermingle with the axons of the neurons innervating the maxillary whisker pad and maintained ...
Antennal Mechanosensory Neurons Mediate Wing Motor Reflexes
... the subset of these neurons that are driven by the JO-AB or JO-CE GAL4 driver. This intersectional strategy has been used successfully in a previous study to genetically ablate JO neurons (Yorozu et al., 2009). To further validate the selective expression of ricin A and the lack of leaky expression ...
... the subset of these neurons that are driven by the JO-AB or JO-CE GAL4 driver. This intersectional strategy has been used successfully in a previous study to genetically ablate JO neurons (Yorozu et al., 2009). To further validate the selective expression of ricin A and the lack of leaky expression ...
Facial whisker pattern is not sufficient to instruct a
... Edn1−/− mutants is not able to attract and redirect the peripheral projections of maxillary primary sensory neurons. Furthermore, the central axon of neurons innervating the duplicated whisker pad did not intermingle with the axons of the neurons innervating the maxillary whisker pad and maintained ...
... Edn1−/− mutants is not able to attract and redirect the peripheral projections of maxillary primary sensory neurons. Furthermore, the central axon of neurons innervating the duplicated whisker pad did not intermingle with the axons of the neurons innervating the maxillary whisker pad and maintained ...
A Neural Theory of Visual Attention
... memory (VSTM). The VSTM system is conceived as a (Kwinners-take-all) feedback mechanism that sustains activity in the neurons that have won the attentional competition. This article contains three main sections. In the first main section, we review the equations describing the basic mechanisms of se ...
... memory (VSTM). The VSTM system is conceived as a (Kwinners-take-all) feedback mechanism that sustains activity in the neurons that have won the attentional competition. This article contains three main sections. In the first main section, we review the equations describing the basic mechanisms of se ...
Glycine Immunoreactivity of Multipolar Neurons in the Ventral
... units referred to as onset-choppers (Rhode and Smith, 1986). Onset-chopper units are broadly tuned (Rhode and Smith, 1986; Winter and Palmer, 1995; Jiang et al., 1996; Palmer et al., 1996) and they appear to send a collateral axon to the DCN (Smith and Rhode, 1989). They have a multipolar/stellate c ...
... units referred to as onset-choppers (Rhode and Smith, 1986). Onset-chopper units are broadly tuned (Rhode and Smith, 1986; Winter and Palmer, 1995; Jiang et al., 1996; Palmer et al., 1996) and they appear to send a collateral axon to the DCN (Smith and Rhode, 1989). They have a multipolar/stellate c ...
brain –computer interface - Nexus Academic Publishers
... individual users. The prospects for controlling computers through neural signals are indeed difficult to judge because the field of research is still in its infancy. Much progress has been made in taking advantage of the power of personal computers to perform the operations needed to recognize patte ...
... individual users. The prospects for controlling computers through neural signals are indeed difficult to judge because the field of research is still in its infancy. Much progress has been made in taking advantage of the power of personal computers to perform the operations needed to recognize patte ...
lmmunohistochemical Localization
... gyrus. In CA 1, the density of binding sites was high, and the density in stratum moleculare was slightly greater than in stratum radiatum/pyramidale (521 versus 465 fmol/mg). In the CA3 field, the density of benzodiazepine receptors in all layers was much lower than in CA 1 (22 1 versus 465 fmol/mg ...
... gyrus. In CA 1, the density of binding sites was high, and the density in stratum moleculare was slightly greater than in stratum radiatum/pyramidale (521 versus 465 fmol/mg). In the CA3 field, the density of benzodiazepine receptors in all layers was much lower than in CA 1 (22 1 versus 465 fmol/mg ...
prenatal formation of cortical input and development of
... projection are generated some time between E45 and E63 (P. Rakic and G. Wikmark, unpublished observations). Thus, at least the earlier generated layer 5 neurons have had ample time to migrate to the cortex and to elaborate efferent axons that reach the nearby neostriaturn. Our findings are also in g ...
... projection are generated some time between E45 and E63 (P. Rakic and G. Wikmark, unpublished observations). Thus, at least the earlier generated layer 5 neurons have had ample time to migrate to the cortex and to elaborate efferent axons that reach the nearby neostriaturn. Our findings are also in g ...
Brain stem representation of thermal and psychogenic sweating in
... were averaged between two runs for each individual, and then group averages were calculated for all participants in each condition (psychogenic or thermal sweating), as well as for contrasts between the two conditions. Standard methods were used to calculate Z-scores for each voxel in standard brain ...
... were averaged between two runs for each individual, and then group averages were calculated for all participants in each condition (psychogenic or thermal sweating), as well as for contrasts between the two conditions. Standard methods were used to calculate Z-scores for each voxel in standard brain ...
A behavioral switch: cGMP and PKC signaling in olfactory neurons
... the anatomical or physiological pathways for behavioral preference are largely undefined. At one extreme, there could be a complete labeled-line segregation of sensory projections, as proposed in Drosophila, where sweet and bitter taste fibers project to different target regions in the brain (Thorne ...
... the anatomical or physiological pathways for behavioral preference are largely undefined. At one extreme, there could be a complete labeled-line segregation of sensory projections, as proposed in Drosophila, where sweet and bitter taste fibers project to different target regions in the brain (Thorne ...
Expression of NADPH-d in the vagal nuclei of the
... the control of esophageal peristalsis (30–32). Murray et al. (33) suggested that NO has an inhibitory effect on the esophageal muscle contraction. It was reported that NOS expression increases in the nuclei of DMV and NTS due to acid exposure in the esophagus (5). In the present study, we also found ...
... the control of esophageal peristalsis (30–32). Murray et al. (33) suggested that NO has an inhibitory effect on the esophageal muscle contraction. It was reported that NOS expression increases in the nuclei of DMV and NTS due to acid exposure in the esophagus (5). In the present study, we also found ...
Notch resolves mixed neural identities in the
... The Notch signaling pathway plays a central role in the generation of diversity within the Drosophila nervous system. Upon binding by ligands from the DSL family (for Delta, Serrate, Lag2), Notch is proteolyzed and its intracellular domain (Notchintra) translocates to the nucleus, where, together wi ...
... The Notch signaling pathway plays a central role in the generation of diversity within the Drosophila nervous system. Upon binding by ligands from the DSL family (for Delta, Serrate, Lag2), Notch is proteolyzed and its intracellular domain (Notchintra) translocates to the nucleus, where, together wi ...
MS-SCI-LS-Unit 4 -- Chapter 15- Nervous System
... 1. Trace the outline of a penny in twelve different places on a piece of paper. 2. Number the circles 1 through 12. Write the numbers randomly, in no particular order. 3. Now, pick up the penny again. Put it in each circle, one after another, in numerical order, starting at 1 and ending at 12. Think ...
... 1. Trace the outline of a penny in twelve different places on a piece of paper. 2. Number the circles 1 through 12. Write the numbers randomly, in no particular order. 3. Now, pick up the penny again. Put it in each circle, one after another, in numerical order, starting at 1 and ending at 12. Think ...
Physiol. Res. 49: 000
... distribution and levels of thermal and channel noise. We chose computer simulations because it is not possible to ensure experimental conditions allowing variations of such desired parameters on real axons. ...
... distribution and levels of thermal and channel noise. We chose computer simulations because it is not possible to ensure experimental conditions allowing variations of such desired parameters on real axons. ...
Glial Cells: The Other Cells of the Nervous System
... later, various types of glial cells were identified and described (see Part 1) While pathologists studied glia extensively in normal and injured or diseased brains, most textbooks mentioned glia only cursorily. In the last decade, however, new techniques of identification of specific glial cells ·h ...
... later, various types of glial cells were identified and described (see Part 1) While pathologists studied glia extensively in normal and injured or diseased brains, most textbooks mentioned glia only cursorily. In the last decade, however, new techniques of identification of specific glial cells ·h ...
Unit 7 Nervous System - Lemon Bay High School
... Potassium ions rush out of the neuron after sodium ions rush in, which repolarizes the membrane The sodium-potassium pump, using ATP, restores the original configuration ...
... Potassium ions rush out of the neuron after sodium ions rush in, which repolarizes the membrane The sodium-potassium pump, using ATP, restores the original configuration ...
PDF
... in the ventral region gradually decrease towards ventral and dorsal region, respectively, although S opsin is expressed at a relatively constant level (Röhlich et al., 1994; Lyubarsky et al., 1999; Applebury et al., 2000). Consistent with the expression pattern of opsins, retinal ganglion cells exhi ...
... in the ventral region gradually decrease towards ventral and dorsal region, respectively, although S opsin is expressed at a relatively constant level (Röhlich et al., 1994; Lyubarsky et al., 1999; Applebury et al., 2000). Consistent with the expression pattern of opsins, retinal ganglion cells exhi ...
resting membrane potential
... the plasma membrane • A membrane permeable only to K+ will have a membrane potential equal to the equilibrium potential for K+ • If the membrane is also slightly permeable to Na+, the membrane potential will be partially depolarized as Na+ leaks into the cell • There is now less restraint on K+ leav ...
... the plasma membrane • A membrane permeable only to K+ will have a membrane potential equal to the equilibrium potential for K+ • If the membrane is also slightly permeable to Na+, the membrane potential will be partially depolarized as Na+ leaks into the cell • There is now less restraint on K+ leav ...
Neural substrates for expectation-modulated fear learning in
... stores memories of the conditioned stimulus–unconditioned stimulus association, but the origin of UCS inputs to the amygdala is unknown. Theory and evidence suggest that instructive UCS inputs to the amygdala will be inhibited when the UCS is expected, but this has not been found during fear conditi ...
... stores memories of the conditioned stimulus–unconditioned stimulus association, but the origin of UCS inputs to the amygdala is unknown. Theory and evidence suggest that instructive UCS inputs to the amygdala will be inhibited when the UCS is expected, but this has not been found during fear conditi ...
NIH Public Access
... neurons respond to the same FM harmonic in the emitted pulse and the returning echo (Dear et al., 1993, Feng et al., 1978; Hagemann et al., 2010; Sullivan 1982a). In the mustached bat (Pteronotus parnellii) however, delay-tuned neurons respond to different FM harmonics in the pulse and echo. The mus ...
... neurons respond to the same FM harmonic in the emitted pulse and the returning echo (Dear et al., 1993, Feng et al., 1978; Hagemann et al., 2010; Sullivan 1982a). In the mustached bat (Pteronotus parnellii) however, delay-tuned neurons respond to different FM harmonics in the pulse and echo. The mus ...
Spontaneous activity and functional connectivity in the developing
... First published July 6, 2016; doi:10.1152/jn.00461.2016.—The development of the cerebellar system depends in part on the emergence of functional connectivity in its input and output pathways. Characterization of spontaneous activity within these pathways provides insight into their functional status ...
... First published July 6, 2016; doi:10.1152/jn.00461.2016.—The development of the cerebellar system depends in part on the emergence of functional connectivity in its input and output pathways. Characterization of spontaneous activity within these pathways provides insight into their functional status ...
Vasopressin Receptors of the Vasopressor (V,)
... and Bennett, 1989; Sundaram et al., 1989; Talman and Robertson, 1989). Vasopressin, by acting in or near this nucleus, is able to alter cardiovascular parameters (Matsuguchi et al., 1982; Vallejo et al., 1984; Pittman and Franklin, 1985; Vallejo and Lightman, 1987). These data suggest that the nucle ...
... and Bennett, 1989; Sundaram et al., 1989; Talman and Robertson, 1989). Vasopressin, by acting in or near this nucleus, is able to alter cardiovascular parameters (Matsuguchi et al., 1982; Vallejo et al., 1984; Pittman and Franklin, 1985; Vallejo and Lightman, 1987). These data suggest that the nucle ...
Assembly and Function of Spinal Circuits for Motor Control
... family of transcription factors to regulate the expression profile of two classes of homeodomain (HD) transcription factors (Class I/Class II) in the ventral spinal cord (Shirasaki & Pfaff 2002). Shh induces expression of the more ventrally expressed Class II protein genes, whereas genes encoding Cl ...
... family of transcription factors to regulate the expression profile of two classes of homeodomain (HD) transcription factors (Class I/Class II) in the ventral spinal cord (Shirasaki & Pfaff 2002). Shh induces expression of the more ventrally expressed Class II protein genes, whereas genes encoding Cl ...