to eat or to sleep? orexin in the regulation of feeding and wakefulness
... ■ Abstract Orexin-A and orexin-B are neuropeptides originally identified as endogenous ligands for two orphan G-protein–coupled receptors. Orexin neuropeptides (also known as hypocretins) are produced by a small group of neurons in the lateral hypothalamic and perifornical areas, a region classicall ...
... ■ Abstract Orexin-A and orexin-B are neuropeptides originally identified as endogenous ligands for two orphan G-protein–coupled receptors. Orexin neuropeptides (also known as hypocretins) are produced by a small group of neurons in the lateral hypothalamic and perifornical areas, a region classicall ...
Filamentous contacts: the ultrastructure and three
... differ fundamentally in their composition from other adhering junctions and do not fall into either of the two established categories. Their findings raise the possibility that adhering junctions are in reality a much more heterogeneous family of junctions (in terms of molecular organization and fun ...
... differ fundamentally in their composition from other adhering junctions and do not fall into either of the two established categories. Their findings raise the possibility that adhering junctions are in reality a much more heterogeneous family of junctions (in terms of molecular organization and fun ...
Gamma Oscillations in the Hippocampus
... different aspects of the same stimulus, a single light bar simultaneously passing through the different receptive fields of the neurons (31). When two separate and independent light bars were passed through the receptive fields, the same cells responded but did not show gamma synchronized firing. Th ...
... different aspects of the same stimulus, a single light bar simultaneously passing through the different receptive fields of the neurons (31). When two separate and independent light bars were passed through the receptive fields, the same cells responded but did not show gamma synchronized firing. Th ...
Central Control of the Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems
... into three distinct neural phases in which each phase reflects a “state” of the oscillating network rather than a particular configuration of the motor output. In other words, a cycle phase in this context means a recurring episode when one or more groups of neurons in the network discharge a charac ...
... into three distinct neural phases in which each phase reflects a “state” of the oscillating network rather than a particular configuration of the motor output. In other words, a cycle phase in this context means a recurring episode when one or more groups of neurons in the network discharge a charac ...
Neurobiological Mechanisms Underlying Oestradiol Negative and
... neurones from OVX mice. By contrast, oestradiol suppressed GnRH neurone firing during negative feedback and increased firing during positive feedback. Monitoring the activity of a single GnRH neurone in a brain slice and relating it to LH levels measured in vivo omits the measurement of GnRH itself. ...
... neurones from OVX mice. By contrast, oestradiol suppressed GnRH neurone firing during negative feedback and increased firing during positive feedback. Monitoring the activity of a single GnRH neurone in a brain slice and relating it to LH levels measured in vivo omits the measurement of GnRH itself. ...
show - FACETS Project
... from a mathematical point of view are hybrid dynamical systems, i.e. whose dynamics is defined by a continuous-time dynamical system modelling the subthreshold behavior of the neuron, coupled with a discrete dynamical system corresponding the spike emission. We first provide an introduction to the v ...
... from a mathematical point of view are hybrid dynamical systems, i.e. whose dynamics is defined by a continuous-time dynamical system modelling the subthreshold behavior of the neuron, coupled with a discrete dynamical system corresponding the spike emission. We first provide an introduction to the v ...
Fein A (2012) Nociceptors and the Perception of Pain.
... by a second long latency pain of a burning and less bearable quality. However, the evidence for two successive painful sensations is much less compelling than it is for two distinct painful sensations. In the original report showing that C and A(δ-β) fibers signal distinct painful sensations, it was ...
... by a second long latency pain of a burning and less bearable quality. However, the evidence for two successive painful sensations is much less compelling than it is for two distinct painful sensations. In the original report showing that C and A(δ-β) fibers signal distinct painful sensations, it was ...
Estradiol, Substance P, and the PI3K-Akt
... Glutamate is the primary signaling molecule in this system, but there are many others involved. Substance P is a tachykinin neuropeptide that acts as both an inflammatory mediator in the periphery and a signaling molecule at the dorsal horn. It contributes to the development of hyperalgesia and cent ...
... Glutamate is the primary signaling molecule in this system, but there are many others involved. Substance P is a tachykinin neuropeptide that acts as both an inflammatory mediator in the periphery and a signaling molecule at the dorsal horn. It contributes to the development of hyperalgesia and cent ...
4 Aromatic Amino Acids in the Brain - Wurtman Lab
... to albumin (McMenamy and Oncley, 1958), but still largely able to enter the brain as shown by Pardridge (1977). Nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA)—which bind to a different site on the albumin molecule as shown by Goodman (1958)—inhibit this binding, hence insulin, which causes NEFA to strip off the a ...
... to albumin (McMenamy and Oncley, 1958), but still largely able to enter the brain as shown by Pardridge (1977). Nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA)—which bind to a different site on the albumin molecule as shown by Goodman (1958)—inhibit this binding, hence insulin, which causes NEFA to strip off the a ...
- White Rose Research Online
... interneurons forming most of the remaining cell population. Despite their comparatively small number, the GABAergic fastspiking interneurons (FSIs) in particular exert a very strong influence on the MSNs [20–22], receive input from similar sources, and are interconnected by both chemical synapses an ...
... interneurons forming most of the remaining cell population. Despite their comparatively small number, the GABAergic fastspiking interneurons (FSIs) in particular exert a very strong influence on the MSNs [20–22], receive input from similar sources, and are interconnected by both chemical synapses an ...
Wild type human TDP-43 potentiates ALS-linked mutant TDP
... Results: Expression of human wild-type TDP-43 (TDP-43WT) caused no clinical or pathological phenotype, while expression of Q331K mutant (TDP-43Q331K) resulted in a non-lethal age-dependent motor phenotype, accompanied by cytoplasmic TDP-43 aggregation, mild neuronal loss, with astroglial and microgl ...
... Results: Expression of human wild-type TDP-43 (TDP-43WT) caused no clinical or pathological phenotype, while expression of Q331K mutant (TDP-43Q331K) resulted in a non-lethal age-dependent motor phenotype, accompanied by cytoplasmic TDP-43 aggregation, mild neuronal loss, with astroglial and microgl ...
Feeding Stimulants Activate an Identified Dopaminergic Interneuron
... which plasticity of motor output of the CPG can arise. Each CPG subunit is a conditional neuronal oscillator that can be independently rhythmically active. The subunits also can be functionally linked in different combinations and in different temporal patterns. Additional motor plasticity can arise ...
... which plasticity of motor output of the CPG can arise. Each CPG subunit is a conditional neuronal oscillator that can be independently rhythmically active. The subunits also can be functionally linked in different combinations and in different temporal patterns. Additional motor plasticity can arise ...
Image-based Screening Identifies Novel Roles for I B Kinase and
... with a ⫻20 objective (GE Healthcare). From each of the 9 images of distal axon segments acquired per well, axon fragmentation was quantified using an ImageJ script modified from that described previously (10). Briefly, following background ...
... with a ⫻20 objective (GE Healthcare). From each of the 9 images of distal axon segments acquired per well, axon fragmentation was quantified using an ImageJ script modified from that described previously (10). Briefly, following background ...
Enlargement of Axo-Somatic Contacts Formed by
... 2013), over-exercise (Epling et al. 1983; Davis et al. 1997, 1999; Hebebrand and Bulik 2011; Zunker et al. 2011; Gutierrez 2013), and anxiety (Kaye et al. 2004; Perdereau et al. 2008; Dellava et al. 2010; Thornton et al. 2011; Wable et al. 2015). Importantly, although ABA is induced by the initial i ...
... 2013), over-exercise (Epling et al. 1983; Davis et al. 1997, 1999; Hebebrand and Bulik 2011; Zunker et al. 2011; Gutierrez 2013), and anxiety (Kaye et al. 2004; Perdereau et al. 2008; Dellava et al. 2010; Thornton et al. 2011; Wable et al. 2015). Importantly, although ABA is induced by the initial i ...
Mitchell, Emma (2016) Detour pathways of descending motor
... altered compared to shams. The results of this first study suggest that after subcortical stroke, the motor cortex from the non-ischaemic hemisphere does not contribute to recovery of the affected limb via increasing its direct CST connections to the denervated (ipsilateral) side of the spinal cord. ...
... altered compared to shams. The results of this first study suggest that after subcortical stroke, the motor cortex from the non-ischaemic hemisphere does not contribute to recovery of the affected limb via increasing its direct CST connections to the denervated (ipsilateral) side of the spinal cord. ...
Session 230 IOP Measurement and characterization I
... eye to study the innervation of the entire limbus in 3D. The Prox1GFP mouse strain was used to label Schlemm’s canal (SC). The Thy1-YFP strain was used to identify sensory neurons. Antibodies to detect sympathetic (tyrosine hydroxylase), parasympathetic (vesicular acetylcholine transporter, choline ...
... eye to study the innervation of the entire limbus in 3D. The Prox1GFP mouse strain was used to label Schlemm’s canal (SC). The Thy1-YFP strain was used to identify sensory neurons. Antibodies to detect sympathetic (tyrosine hydroxylase), parasympathetic (vesicular acetylcholine transporter, choline ...
Genetic and Functional Modularity of Hox Activities in the
... the selection of DNA target sites. Hox proteins typically display low affinity for DNA in vitro, with high fidelity binding requiring cooperative interactions with the TALE-domain containing homeodomain factors extradenticle and homothorax (Pbx and Meis proteins in vertebrates) [18]. While TALE-doma ...
... the selection of DNA target sites. Hox proteins typically display low affinity for DNA in vitro, with high fidelity binding requiring cooperative interactions with the TALE-domain containing homeodomain factors extradenticle and homothorax (Pbx and Meis proteins in vertebrates) [18]. While TALE-doma ...
Bridging Areas of Injury in the Spinal Cord
... transected adult rat spinal cord stumps (Xu, Chen, and others 1997) (Fig. 2); fibers grow into both ends of the graft, as in the peripheral nerve work cited above. Much of the SC bridge work tested a cable of SCs in Matrigel (a commercial preparation of basal lamina components) inside a PAN/PVC poly ...
... transected adult rat spinal cord stumps (Xu, Chen, and others 1997) (Fig. 2); fibers grow into both ends of the graft, as in the peripheral nerve work cited above. Much of the SC bridge work tested a cable of SCs in Matrigel (a commercial preparation of basal lamina components) inside a PAN/PVC poly ...
Mechanism of action of cathinone from khat
... results. This work could not have succeeded without the co-operation and excellent technical assistance of Gershon Deya, Eric Omolo and James Ndung’u and the entire Animal Resources staff of Institute of Primate Research, Margaret Kagina, Robert Tsuma, Catherine Ngaywa, Peter Irungu, Daniel Kwoba, F ...
... results. This work could not have succeeded without the co-operation and excellent technical assistance of Gershon Deya, Eric Omolo and James Ndung’u and the entire Animal Resources staff of Institute of Primate Research, Margaret Kagina, Robert Tsuma, Catherine Ngaywa, Peter Irungu, Daniel Kwoba, F ...
Comprehensive Review of Golgi Staining Methods for Nervous Tissue
... circuitry and connectivity of brain tissues. Neuroscientists can thoroughly probe the fine morphology of neurons, including the soma, axon, dendrites, and dendritic spines. In the last 40 years, immunostaining techniques at the molecular level have been extensively used for research on nervous tissu ...
... circuitry and connectivity of brain tissues. Neuroscientists can thoroughly probe the fine morphology of neurons, including the soma, axon, dendrites, and dendritic spines. In the last 40 years, immunostaining techniques at the molecular level have been extensively used for research on nervous tissu ...
PPT
... is intending to perform(SUA) – Direction of planned arm and eye movements(LFP) – Tuning widths for movement directions(LFP, SUA) LFP in general shows responses properties similar to that of the neurons recorded in the same brain region ...
... is intending to perform(SUA) – Direction of planned arm and eye movements(LFP) – Tuning widths for movement directions(LFP, SUA) LFP in general shows responses properties similar to that of the neurons recorded in the same brain region ...
Channelrhodopsin
Channelrhodopsins are a subfamily of retinylidene proteins (rhodopsins) that function as light-gated ion channels. They serve as sensory photoreceptors in unicellular green algae, controlling phototaxis: movement in response to light. Expressed in cells of other organisms, they enable light to control electrical excitability, intracellular acidity, calcium influx, and other cellular processes. Channelrhodopsin-1 (ChR1) and Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) from the model organism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii are the first discovered channelrhodopsins. Variants have been cloned from other algal species, and more are expected.