Actin in Axons: Stable Scaffolds and Dynamic Filaments
... (Clark et al. 1983), though during brain development actin expression rises to 7–8% of cell protein (Santerre and Rich 1976). The critical concentration of actin in vitro is the G-actin concentration, in which monomers are in equilibrium with F-actin. For skeletal muscle actin-ATP, this is about 0.1 ...
... (Clark et al. 1983), though during brain development actin expression rises to 7–8% of cell protein (Santerre and Rich 1976). The critical concentration of actin in vitro is the G-actin concentration, in which monomers are in equilibrium with F-actin. For skeletal muscle actin-ATP, this is about 0.1 ...
Chapter 9 The Nervous System
... • Mechanism – Inward movement of Na+ depolarizes the membrane by making the inside more positive than the outside at the stimulated point; this depolarization is a nerve impulse (action potential) – The stimulated section of membrane immediately repolarizes, but by that time the depolarization has a ...
... • Mechanism – Inward movement of Na+ depolarizes the membrane by making the inside more positive than the outside at the stimulated point; this depolarization is a nerve impulse (action potential) – The stimulated section of membrane immediately repolarizes, but by that time the depolarization has a ...
Chapter 9 The Nervous System
... • Mechanism – Inward movement of Na+ depolarizes the membrane by making the inside more positive than the outside at the stimulated point; this depolarization is a nerve impulse (action potential) – The stimulated section of membrane immediately repolarizes, but by that time the depolarization has a ...
... • Mechanism – Inward movement of Na+ depolarizes the membrane by making the inside more positive than the outside at the stimulated point; this depolarization is a nerve impulse (action potential) – The stimulated section of membrane immediately repolarizes, but by that time the depolarization has a ...
Might the olfactory bulb be an origin of olfactory auras in focal
... the term neonate, with regard to expression of specific neuronal maturational proteins, synaptogenesis, myelination, and postnatal involution of the olfactory ventricular recess from the lateral ventricle (Sarnat and Yu, 2016). The olfactory epithelium of the upper respiratory cavities also remains i ...
... the term neonate, with regard to expression of specific neuronal maturational proteins, synaptogenesis, myelination, and postnatal involution of the olfactory ventricular recess from the lateral ventricle (Sarnat and Yu, 2016). The olfactory epithelium of the upper respiratory cavities also remains i ...
Seven principles in the regulation of adult neurogenesis
... important roles in many regulatory events. This is not to say that interfering with such factors would generally not have any phenotype in embryonic brain development (they indeed have), but the more remote the mediators are from the transcriptional level and the more their own regulation depends on ...
... important roles in many regulatory events. This is not to say that interfering with such factors would generally not have any phenotype in embryonic brain development (they indeed have), but the more remote the mediators are from the transcriptional level and the more their own regulation depends on ...
Neural Control - International Continence Society
... Figure 3. Diagram showing neural circuits controlling continence and micturition. (A) Urine storage reflexes. During the storage of urine, distention of the bladder produces low level vesical afferent firing, which in turn stimulates (1) the sympathetic outflow to the bladder outlet (base and urethr ...
... Figure 3. Diagram showing neural circuits controlling continence and micturition. (A) Urine storage reflexes. During the storage of urine, distention of the bladder produces low level vesical afferent firing, which in turn stimulates (1) the sympathetic outflow to the bladder outlet (base and urethr ...
Prefrontal Projections to the Thalamic Reticular Nucleus
... rate, muscle tone, respiration, and pupillary dilatation were closely monitored. The monkeys were placed in a stereotaxic apparatus, and a small region of the cortex was exposed. Injection of neural tracers. In an effort to minimize animal numbers, injections of distinct neural tracers were made in ...
... rate, muscle tone, respiration, and pupillary dilatation were closely monitored. The monkeys were placed in a stereotaxic apparatus, and a small region of the cortex was exposed. Injection of neural tracers. In an effort to minimize animal numbers, injections of distinct neural tracers were made in ...
Early and Rapid Targeting of Eye-Specific Axonal Projections to the
... (CT-488) (green; 0.5% dissolved in sterile saline; Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR) was injected into the vitreal chamber of one eye, and CT conjugated to Alexa 594 dye (CT-594) (red; 0.5% dissolved in sterile saline) was injected into the vitreal chamber of the other eye, using a sterile, short-bev ...
... (CT-488) (green; 0.5% dissolved in sterile saline; Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR) was injected into the vitreal chamber of one eye, and CT conjugated to Alexa 594 dye (CT-594) (red; 0.5% dissolved in sterile saline) was injected into the vitreal chamber of the other eye, using a sterile, short-bev ...
Maxillary palp glomeruli and ipsilateral projections in the antennal
... ipsilateral input, with the fibres terminating in the ipsilateral AL only. Thus the antennal lobe of Drosophila has a glomerular organization which is apportioned into antennal, maxillary, saccular and ipsilateral glomeruli. Previous studies reported that sensory projection from the maxillary palp i ...
... ipsilateral input, with the fibres terminating in the ipsilateral AL only. Thus the antennal lobe of Drosophila has a glomerular organization which is apportioned into antennal, maxillary, saccular and ipsilateral glomeruli. Previous studies reported that sensory projection from the maxillary palp i ...
Physiology of the Mammalian Circadian System
... suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN), first identified in the early 1970s as critical for the normal expression of circadian rhythms, and long considered to be the master circadian pacemaker in mammals. Only in the past few years, however, has the SCN given up the secret of how it generates circadian rhythm ...
... suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN), first identified in the early 1970s as critical for the normal expression of circadian rhythms, and long considered to be the master circadian pacemaker in mammals. Only in the past few years, however, has the SCN given up the secret of how it generates circadian rhythm ...
Stereoscopic Processing of Absolute and Relative Disparity in
... depth in which the absolute and relative disparity signals could be independently manipulated (at a local spatial scale). In experiment 1, relative disparity was kept constant, while absolute disparity was varied in one-half the blocks of trials (“mixed” blocks) and kept constant in the remaining on ...
... depth in which the absolute and relative disparity signals could be independently manipulated (at a local spatial scale). In experiment 1, relative disparity was kept constant, while absolute disparity was varied in one-half the blocks of trials (“mixed” blocks) and kept constant in the remaining on ...
First-in-first-out item replacement in a model of
... Persistent neuronal firing has been modeled in relation to observed brain rhythms, especially to theta oscillations recorded in behaving animals. Models of short-term memory that are based on such persistent firing properties of specific neurons can meet the requirements of spiketiming dependent pot ...
... Persistent neuronal firing has been modeled in relation to observed brain rhythms, especially to theta oscillations recorded in behaving animals. Models of short-term memory that are based on such persistent firing properties of specific neurons can meet the requirements of spiketiming dependent pot ...
Primary open-angle glaucoma
... meshwork is increased in patients with this form of glaucoma, often associated with high intraocular pressure. When pressure increases above physiological levels, the pressure gradient across the lamina cribrosa also increases. As a result, the lamina cribrosa and the retinal ganglion cell axons und ...
... meshwork is increased in patients with this form of glaucoma, often associated with high intraocular pressure. When pressure increases above physiological levels, the pressure gradient across the lamina cribrosa also increases. As a result, the lamina cribrosa and the retinal ganglion cell axons und ...
Rationalizing Context-Dependent Preferences: Divisive
... First, neural activity is universally observed to be stochastic due to the small-scale, thermodynamic processes involved in the synaptic transmission of information between neurons. While this randomness can be partially mitigated through increasing the number (or size) of neurons that participate i ...
... First, neural activity is universally observed to be stochastic due to the small-scale, thermodynamic processes involved in the synaptic transmission of information between neurons. While this randomness can be partially mitigated through increasing the number (or size) of neurons that participate i ...
Relating normalization to neuronal populations across cortical areas
... instantiated by inputs that 1) are spatially specific and 2) vary in strength from neuron to neuron such that neurons that receive strong normalization-related inputs from within the same area have weak inputs from other cortical areas, and vice versa. More generally, our study suggests that recordi ...
... instantiated by inputs that 1) are spatially specific and 2) vary in strength from neuron to neuron such that neurons that receive strong normalization-related inputs from within the same area have weak inputs from other cortical areas, and vice versa. More generally, our study suggests that recordi ...
Introducing a New Product
... Mosby items and derived items © 2013, 2010, 2007, 2003 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. ...
... Mosby items and derived items © 2013, 2010, 2007, 2003 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. ...
Axon Initial Segment Cytoskeleton: Architecture, Development, and
... neuron excitability [31, 43]. Kv7.2 and Kv7.3 (KCNQ2/3) bear an AIS-targeting motif similar to that of Nav channels and accumulate as both homomeric Kv7.2 and heteromeric Kv7.2/7.3 complexes [31]. Kv1.1 and Kv1.2 channels are also enriched at the AIS. However, unlike Kv7.2 and Kv7.3, they do not con ...
... neuron excitability [31, 43]. Kv7.2 and Kv7.3 (KCNQ2/3) bear an AIS-targeting motif similar to that of Nav channels and accumulate as both homomeric Kv7.2 and heteromeric Kv7.2/7.3 complexes [31]. Kv1.1 and Kv1.2 channels are also enriched at the AIS. However, unlike Kv7.2 and Kv7.3, they do not con ...
Extracellular voltage threshold settings can be tuned for optimal
... paralysis or other sensory–motor deficits. The recorded signals have taken the form of EEG, MEG, and intracortical signals (Schwartz et al 2006). A promising class of BCIs extracts information directly from action potentials, or ʻspikesʼ, identified from the voltage traces recorded from chronically im ...
... paralysis or other sensory–motor deficits. The recorded signals have taken the form of EEG, MEG, and intracortical signals (Schwartz et al 2006). A promising class of BCIs extracts information directly from action potentials, or ʻspikesʼ, identified from the voltage traces recorded from chronically im ...
Neurodynamical theory of decision confidence Andrea Insabato TESI DOCTORAL UPF / 2014
... that a double-layer attractor neural network can account for neural recordings and behavior of rats in a post-decision wagering experiment. In this model a decision-making layer takes the perceptual decision and a separate confidence layer monitors the activity of the decisionmaking layer and makes ...
... that a double-layer attractor neural network can account for neural recordings and behavior of rats in a post-decision wagering experiment. In this model a decision-making layer takes the perceptual decision and a separate confidence layer monitors the activity of the decisionmaking layer and makes ...
FREE Sample Here
... Correct. CT scans are excellent for showing anatomy and use X-rays to do so. E) deep brain stimulation Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 37 Skill: Conceptual Topic: Imaging Techniques Objective: Learning Objective 2.2 7) Conan brought his mother to the hospital when he noticed she couldn’t move one side o ...
... Correct. CT scans are excellent for showing anatomy and use X-rays to do so. E) deep brain stimulation Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 37 Skill: Conceptual Topic: Imaging Techniques Objective: Learning Objective 2.2 7) Conan brought his mother to the hospital when he noticed she couldn’t move one side o ...
Channelrhodopsin
Channelrhodopsins are a subfamily of retinylidene proteins (rhodopsins) that function as light-gated ion channels. They serve as sensory photoreceptors in unicellular green algae, controlling phototaxis: movement in response to light. Expressed in cells of other organisms, they enable light to control electrical excitability, intracellular acidity, calcium influx, and other cellular processes. Channelrhodopsin-1 (ChR1) and Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) from the model organism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii are the first discovered channelrhodopsins. Variants have been cloned from other algal species, and more are expected.