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Special Senses
Special Senses

... Excitation of Cones  Visual pigments in cones are similar to rods ...
THERIGHTBRAINPOWERPOINT
THERIGHTBRAINPOWERPOINT

... performed an autopsy and found damage to an area at the upper portion of the temporal lobe, just behind the auditory cortex. He correctly hypothesized that this area was responsible for speech comprehension.  This kind of aphasia is known as Wernicke's Aphasia, or receptive aphasia. When you ask a ...
Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor
Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor

... polypeptide initially purified from chick embryo ocular tissue and identified as a trophic factor for embryonic chick ciliary parasympathetic neurons in culture. Subsequent studies have demonstrated that CNTF is a survival factor for additional neuronal cell types including: dorsal root ganglion sen ...
Chapter 10: Nervous System I
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... A. The nervous system is composed predominately of nervous tissue but also includes some blood vessels and connective tissue. B. Two cell types of nervous tissue are neurons and neuroglial cells. C. Neurons are specialized to react to physical and chemical changes in their surroundings. D. Dendrites ...
The Nervous System
The Nervous System

... C. In order to taste something, the food must be dissolved in ______________, therefore the nervous system triggers salivation when it is time to eat D. The solution of saliva and food molecules wash over your taste buds and an impulse is sent to the brain E. The brain interprets the impulse and you ...
BrainMechanismsofUnconsciousInference2011
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... Neuronal Structure and Function • Neurons combine excitatory and inhibitory signals obtained from other neurons. • They signal to other neurons primarily via ‘spikes’ or action potentials. ...
the cerebral cortex
the cerebral cortex

... My investigations showed that the functional superiority of the human brain is intimately bound up with the prodigious abundance and unusual wealth of forms of the so-called neurons with the short axons. S. R. y Cajal: Recuerdos de mi vida. 1917. ...
Symposium Poster - uospur
Symposium Poster - uospur

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Simple model of spiking neurons

... Hoppensteadt and Izhikevich [1] and Wang [2] have proposed network models where the neural activity is described by differential equations. Both architectures can be used for pattern recognition via associative memory, which occurs when a group of neurons fires synchronously. These models were inspi ...
Simple model of spiking neurons
Simple model of spiking neurons

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This guided reading is a hybrid of two chapters: chapter 40, section

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Biological Psychology: The structure of the nervous system
Biological Psychology: The structure of the nervous system

... The nervous system helps to co-ordinate the activity in different systems of complex organisms like us. It allows us to detect what is happening in our environment and our own bodies, bring together and process information, and then ACT TO AFFECT WHAT HAPPENS NEXT. ...
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... - Used for non-invasive measurement of optical activity of dozens of cells, with single-cell resolution. - Compared with multi-electrode recording, optical population recording has the advantage that all of the cells in a field of view can be probed, regardless of whether or not they are firing acti ...
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... Contrast the relative concentrations of ions in body solutions inside and outside of a cell (sodium, potassium, calcium and chloride ions). Explain how four factors determine a neuron’s resting membrane potential. Explain how a local electrical response in a neuron membrane is caused by stimulation. ...
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... • Epithelia are located at the surfaces that cover the body or individual organs, and they line the inner surfaces of the tubular and hollow structures within the body. • Epithelial cells rest on an extracellular protein layer called the basement membrane. The side of the cell anchored to the baseme ...
How Neurons and Synapses Work
How Neurons and Synapses Work

...  Norepinephrine: Control visceral and cardiac muscle  Dopamine: Controls motivation and mood  Epinephrine: Adrenaline; Increased fight or flight response ...
slides - NYU Computation and Cognition Lab
slides - NYU Computation and Cognition Lab

... Information flows between neurons with action potentials and synaptic transmission (involving neurotransmitters) The likely mechanism for memory is the changes at the synapses in the form of LTP, dendritic growth, etc.. Circuits represent the collective action of interconnected networks of neurons C ...
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...  Two main forms Basement membrane: thin layers separating the epithelium from connective tissue (stromal matrix) Stromal matrix: fibrous, particularly in load-bearing tissues such as artery walls, tendons, cartilage and skin. Some stromal ECM is mineralized to produce bone  Molecular composition ...
Cell Assemblies - CAAM @ Rice
Cell Assemblies - CAAM @ Rice

The kinetics of sorption of divalent metal ions onto sphagnum moss
The kinetics of sorption of divalent metal ions onto sphagnum moss

... Abstract: It has been proposed that the FOS protein encoded by c-fos protooncogene functions as a nuclear ''third messenger'' molecule that couples short-term extracellular signals to long-term alterations in cell function, by regulating the expression of specific target genes. In the present study, ...
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Channelrhodopsin



Channelrhodopsins are a subfamily of retinylidene proteins (rhodopsins) that function as light-gated ion channels. They serve as sensory photoreceptors in unicellular green algae, controlling phototaxis: movement in response to light. Expressed in cells of other organisms, they enable light to control electrical excitability, intracellular acidity, calcium influx, and other cellular processes. Channelrhodopsin-1 (ChR1) and Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) from the model organism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii are the first discovered channelrhodopsins. Variants have been cloned from other algal species, and more are expected.
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