How Do We See the World?
... and our perception of it. Dogs have very limited capacity to distinguish colors; they likely see very little color. Yet dogs have an olfactory system that smells in “Technicolor” compared with our simple “black and white” version of smell. Which system offers a correct analysis of the world? Neither ...
... and our perception of it. Dogs have very limited capacity to distinguish colors; they likely see very little color. Yet dogs have an olfactory system that smells in “Technicolor” compared with our simple “black and white” version of smell. Which system offers a correct analysis of the world? Neither ...
(Title 17, United States Code) governs the maki
... Studies conducted with the patterns in space use by the side blotched lizard have previously shown that modification of testosterone (T) levels have resulted in variation of such space usage (DeNardo & Sinervo 1994; Sinervo 1994). We predicted that increased testosterone levels will affect hippocamp ...
... Studies conducted with the patterns in space use by the side blotched lizard have previously shown that modification of testosterone (T) levels have resulted in variation of such space usage (DeNardo & Sinervo 1994; Sinervo 1994). We predicted that increased testosterone levels will affect hippocamp ...
Top-Down Versus Bottom-Up Control
... but their respective contributions are not clear; they have largely been studied in separate experiments, rendering comparisons difficult and obscuring timing differences that could give clues to information flow (7). We therefore recorded from multiple electrodes simultaneously implanted in the fro ...
... but their respective contributions are not clear; they have largely been studied in separate experiments, rendering comparisons difficult and obscuring timing differences that could give clues to information flow (7). We therefore recorded from multiple electrodes simultaneously implanted in the fro ...
Top-Down Versus Bottom-Up Control of Attention in the Prefrontal
... but their respective contributions are not clear; they have largely been studied in separate experiments, rendering comparisons difficult and obscuring timing differences that could give clues to information flow (7). We therefore recorded from multiple electrodes simultaneously implanted in the fro ...
... but their respective contributions are not clear; they have largely been studied in separate experiments, rendering comparisons difficult and obscuring timing differences that could give clues to information flow (7). We therefore recorded from multiple electrodes simultaneously implanted in the fro ...
Encoding of conditioned fear in central amygdala inhibitory circuits
... pre-conditioning baseline). Consistent with a previous study11, targeted bilateral inactivation of the entire CEA during fear conditioning resulted in a profound memory deficit when measured 24 h later in the absence of muscimol-BPY (Fig. 1f). A comparable memory deficit was observed after inactivat ...
... pre-conditioning baseline). Consistent with a previous study11, targeted bilateral inactivation of the entire CEA during fear conditioning resulted in a profound memory deficit when measured 24 h later in the absence of muscimol-BPY (Fig. 1f). A comparable memory deficit was observed after inactivat ...
Horvitz, J.C. Stimulus-response and response
... depend upon several factors, including activity of NMDA receptors, dopamine concentrations, activation of D1 and/or D2 receptors [2,28,29,157,159]. Cortical high-frequency stimulation (HFS) has most frequently been observed to produce LTD of corticostriatal synapses [29,159]. However, when DA is app ...
... depend upon several factors, including activity of NMDA receptors, dopamine concentrations, activation of D1 and/or D2 receptors [2,28,29,157,159]. Cortical high-frequency stimulation (HFS) has most frequently been observed to produce LTD of corticostriatal synapses [29,159]. However, when DA is app ...
Univerzita Karlova v Praze Přírodovědecká fakulta
... is devoted also to amphetamine-type stimulants and cocaine and their effects on neuroglia. Opioids, mainly morphine, have been used for relieving pain for a long time. Their effects have been known since an ancient period. Except of their medical effects, opioids and their semi-synthetically/synthet ...
... is devoted also to amphetamine-type stimulants and cocaine and their effects on neuroglia. Opioids, mainly morphine, have been used for relieving pain for a long time. Their effects have been known since an ancient period. Except of their medical effects, opioids and their semi-synthetically/synthet ...
Self-Organization and Functional Role of Lateral Connections and
... of the neuron with the other neurons in the network. The columnar organization of the RFs is re ected in the weights. The connections also are strongest in the immediate vicinity of the neuron (at center) and become weaker with distance. The large areas of zero weights stand for the connections that ...
... of the neuron with the other neurons in the network. The columnar organization of the RFs is re ected in the weights. The connections also are strongest in the immediate vicinity of the neuron (at center) and become weaker with distance. The large areas of zero weights stand for the connections that ...
Sensory signals during active versus passive movement
... head movements, neuronal responses were not modulated [3]. Further exploration has provided evidence for Von Holst and Mittelstaedt’s principle of reafference in the primate vestibular system [3]. The activity of individual neurons in the vestibular nuclei was recorded in monkeys making active h ...
... head movements, neuronal responses were not modulated [3]. Further exploration has provided evidence for Von Holst and Mittelstaedt’s principle of reafference in the primate vestibular system [3]. The activity of individual neurons in the vestibular nuclei was recorded in monkeys making active h ...
PDF 2
... prompted the development of a model in which dopamine depletion leads to (1) increased activity of striatal indirect-pathway neurons, resulting in increased inhibition of GPe, disinhibition of STN, and subsequent increased excitation of GPi and SNr, and (2) decreased activity of striatal direct-path ...
... prompted the development of a model in which dopamine depletion leads to (1) increased activity of striatal indirect-pathway neurons, resulting in increased inhibition of GPe, disinhibition of STN, and subsequent increased excitation of GPi and SNr, and (2) decreased activity of striatal direct-path ...
Neurons in Anterior Cingulate Cortex Multiplex
... orange, purple, blue, and bright green (16.67% probability of each). After the recording location can be found in the supplemental data (available another half a second, a reward was given corresponding to the color of at www.jneurosci.org as supplemental material). the selected target (see above). ...
... orange, purple, blue, and bright green (16.67% probability of each). After the recording location can be found in the supplemental data (available another half a second, a reward was given corresponding to the color of at www.jneurosci.org as supplemental material). the selected target (see above). ...
hap6 - WordPress.com
... after sodium ions rush in, which repolarizes the membrane The sodium-potassium pump restores the original configuration This action requires ATP Slide 7.19 ...
... after sodium ions rush in, which repolarizes the membrane The sodium-potassium pump restores the original configuration This action requires ATP Slide 7.19 ...
An Intrinsic Oscillation in Interneurons of the Rat Lateral Geniculate
... coexisting with an oscillatory mode (Fig. 3B) that could be obtained with slightly different holding potentials or depolarizing plateaus. In most interneurons, however, no tonic firing was seen. In three oscillating interneurons, a large variety of protocols was used in an attempt to elicit tonic sp ...
... coexisting with an oscillatory mode (Fig. 3B) that could be obtained with slightly different holding potentials or depolarizing plateaus. In most interneurons, however, no tonic firing was seen. In three oscillating interneurons, a large variety of protocols was used in an attempt to elicit tonic sp ...
General anaesthesia: from molecular targets to neuronal
... reactive etomidate analogue labelled Met286 in the β subunit and Met236 in the α subunit, suggesting that there is an anaesthetic-binding site at the α–β subunit interface (an equivalent site for benzodiazepines is thought to exist at the α–δ interface)28. This is a promising but technically difficu ...
... reactive etomidate analogue labelled Met286 in the β subunit and Met236 in the α subunit, suggesting that there is an anaesthetic-binding site at the α–β subunit interface (an equivalent site for benzodiazepines is thought to exist at the α–δ interface)28. This is a promising but technically difficu ...
Different Subthreshold Mechanisms Underlie Song Selectivity in
... the nature of auditory information transmitted from HVc to other song nuclei, while impeding insight into the mechanisms underlying song selectivity. Here, in vivo intracellular recordings from identified HVc neurons were used to measure their responses to BOS playback. These studies show that HVc’s ...
... the nature of auditory information transmitted from HVc to other song nuclei, while impeding insight into the mechanisms underlying song selectivity. Here, in vivo intracellular recordings from identified HVc neurons were used to measure their responses to BOS playback. These studies show that HVc’s ...
Fading memory and kernel properties of generic cortical microcircuit
... domain D and range R are sets of finite character strings. This computational model is universal (for deterministic offline digital computation) in the sense that every deterministic digital function that is computable at all (according to a well-established mathematical definition, see [41]) can be com ...
... domain D and range R are sets of finite character strings. This computational model is universal (for deterministic offline digital computation) in the sense that every deterministic digital function that is computable at all (according to a well-established mathematical definition, see [41]) can be com ...
PPT - Altogen Biosystems
... among a host of 100+ cell line specific In Vitro Transfection Kits. The Caco-2 Transfection Reagent is a biodegradable polymer based transfection reagent that enhances transfection, and it has been developed to provide high transfection efficiency with Caco-2 cells. This cell line is a good host for ...
... among a host of 100+ cell line specific In Vitro Transfection Kits. The Caco-2 Transfection Reagent is a biodegradable polymer based transfection reagent that enhances transfection, and it has been developed to provide high transfection efficiency with Caco-2 cells. This cell line is a good host for ...
Original Article Female Rat Hippocampal Cell
... the number of BrdUrd-positive cells in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus. Kahn et al. (2005) demonstrated repeated morphine (20 mg⁄kg) treatment effects on the cell proliferation and neuronal phenotypes in the dentate gyrus-CA3 region of the adult male Sprague-Dawley rat hippocampus. Additio ...
... the number of BrdUrd-positive cells in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus. Kahn et al. (2005) demonstrated repeated morphine (20 mg⁄kg) treatment effects on the cell proliferation and neuronal phenotypes in the dentate gyrus-CA3 region of the adult male Sprague-Dawley rat hippocampus. Additio ...
Circuits and Circuit Disorders of the Basal Ganglia
... prompted the development of a model in which dopamine depletion leads to (1) increased activity of striatal indirect-pathway neurons, resulting in increased inhibition of GPe, disinhibition of STN, and subsequent increased excitation of GPi and SNr, and (2) decreased activity of striatal direct-path ...
... prompted the development of a model in which dopamine depletion leads to (1) increased activity of striatal indirect-pathway neurons, resulting in increased inhibition of GPe, disinhibition of STN, and subsequent increased excitation of GPi and SNr, and (2) decreased activity of striatal direct-path ...
A Model of Distributed Sensorimotor Control in the Cockroach
... a very specific set of leg movements involving dozens of muscles distributed among three distinct pairs of multisegmented legs. In addition, the response is known to exhibit various forms of plasticity, including adaptation to sensory lesions. This system has also recently been shown to be capable o ...
... a very specific set of leg movements involving dozens of muscles distributed among three distinct pairs of multisegmented legs. In addition, the response is known to exhibit various forms of plasticity, including adaptation to sensory lesions. This system has also recently been shown to be capable o ...
Evolution of Time-Coding Systems in Weakly Electric Fishes
... A remarkable example of temporal coding of communication signals has been found in mormyrid pulse-type electric fishes where the duration of each EOD pulse carries information on the species and sex of the signaler. The duration of pulses is sampled by populations of electroreceptors on opposite sid ...
... A remarkable example of temporal coding of communication signals has been found in mormyrid pulse-type electric fishes where the duration of each EOD pulse carries information on the species and sex of the signaler. The duration of pulses is sampled by populations of electroreceptors on opposite sid ...
Channelrhodopsin
Channelrhodopsins are a subfamily of retinylidene proteins (rhodopsins) that function as light-gated ion channels. They serve as sensory photoreceptors in unicellular green algae, controlling phototaxis: movement in response to light. Expressed in cells of other organisms, they enable light to control electrical excitability, intracellular acidity, calcium influx, and other cellular processes. Channelrhodopsin-1 (ChR1) and Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) from the model organism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii are the first discovered channelrhodopsins. Variants have been cloned from other algal species, and more are expected.