Animal responses to the environment
... Same basic structure as any other cell. Cell body consists of cytoplasm and a nucleus. Cytoplasm contains Nissl granules which are rich in RNA and play a role in protein synthesis. Two types of outgrowths – dendrites and axons. Dendrites conduct nerve impulses to the cell body. Axons conduct impulse ...
... Same basic structure as any other cell. Cell body consists of cytoplasm and a nucleus. Cytoplasm contains Nissl granules which are rich in RNA and play a role in protein synthesis. Two types of outgrowths – dendrites and axons. Dendrites conduct nerve impulses to the cell body. Axons conduct impulse ...
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... (Teresawa and Fernandez 2001). In the same way, the glial component of this neuronal system is mainly facilitatory and exerts its actions through growth factors upon GnRH secretion (Prevot et al. 2007). ...
... (Teresawa and Fernandez 2001). In the same way, the glial component of this neuronal system is mainly facilitatory and exerts its actions through growth factors upon GnRH secretion (Prevot et al. 2007). ...
Functional Clustering Drives Encoding Improvement in a
... In Vivo Monitoring of Neuronal Firing Rates with TwoPhoton Calcium Imaging In vivo two-photon calcium imaging allows simultaneous monitoring of somatic calcium transients, induced by neuronal firing, in hundreds of neurons in the vertebrate brain [3,5,18,26,29]. We used this method to monitor correl ...
... In Vivo Monitoring of Neuronal Firing Rates with TwoPhoton Calcium Imaging In vivo two-photon calcium imaging allows simultaneous monitoring of somatic calcium transients, induced by neuronal firing, in hundreds of neurons in the vertebrate brain [3,5,18,26,29]. We used this method to monitor correl ...
The NEURON Simulation Environment
... the implementation of the built−in integrate and fire models, but these topics are beyond the scope of this paper. NEURON’s strategy for dealing with synaptic connections emerged from techniques initially developed by Destexhe et al. (1994) and Lytton (1996). This strategy is based on a very simple ...
... the implementation of the built−in integrate and fire models, but these topics are beyond the scope of this paper. NEURON’s strategy for dealing with synaptic connections emerged from techniques initially developed by Destexhe et al. (1994) and Lytton (1996). This strategy is based on a very simple ...
Title: Gene expression analysis of human induced pluripotent stem
... Here we report the generation of iPSC lines and neurons from individuals with both isodicentric and interstitial duplications of chromosome 15q11-q13.1. We compared gene expression between iPSCs and iPSC-derived neurons with both deletions and duplications of this region. We found that while the ove ...
... Here we report the generation of iPSC lines and neurons from individuals with both isodicentric and interstitial duplications of chromosome 15q11-q13.1. We compared gene expression between iPSCs and iPSC-derived neurons with both deletions and duplications of this region. We found that while the ove ...
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... The analogy between the basal ganglia and actor – critic models builds on the strong resemblance between DA neuron activity and the TD prediction error signal, and between DA-dependent long-term synaptic plasticity in the striatum (Calabresi et al., 2000; Wickens, Begg, & Arbuthnott, 1996) and learn ...
... The analogy between the basal ganglia and actor – critic models builds on the strong resemblance between DA neuron activity and the TD prediction error signal, and between DA-dependent long-term synaptic plasticity in the striatum (Calabresi et al., 2000; Wickens, Begg, & Arbuthnott, 1996) and learn ...
The “Conscious” Dorsal Stream - Università degli Studi di Parma
... (1896) proposed the notion that the “a-priori” nature of our representation of space depends on the fact that it is generated by active exploratory behavior. Indeed, as it has been argued elsewhere (see Rizzolatti et al. 1997), a strong support to the notion that spatial awareness derives from motor ...
... (1896) proposed the notion that the “a-priori” nature of our representation of space depends on the fact that it is generated by active exploratory behavior. Indeed, as it has been argued elsewhere (see Rizzolatti et al. 1997), a strong support to the notion that spatial awareness derives from motor ...
“Conscious” Dorsal Stream
... (1896) proposed the notion that the “a-priori” nature of our representation of space depends on the fact that it is generated by active exploratory behavior. Indeed, as it has been argued elsewhere (see Rizzolatti et al. 1997), a strong support to the notion that spatial awareness derives from motor ...
... (1896) proposed the notion that the “a-priori” nature of our representation of space depends on the fact that it is generated by active exploratory behavior. Indeed, as it has been argued elsewhere (see Rizzolatti et al. 1997), a strong support to the notion that spatial awareness derives from motor ...
Further Cognitive Science
... one or multiple areas of the brain may seem preposterous, this conjecture is certainly much more efficient than each cell carrying within itself the instructions for consciousness*.” ...
... one or multiple areas of the brain may seem preposterous, this conjecture is certainly much more efficient than each cell carrying within itself the instructions for consciousness*.” ...
Stem Cell-Article
... degeneration and loss of dopamine (DA)-producing neurons, which leads to tremor, rigidity, and hypokinesia (abnormally decreased mobility). It is thought that PD may be the first disease to be amenable to treatment using stem cell transplantation. Factors that support this notion include the knowled ...
... degeneration and loss of dopamine (DA)-producing neurons, which leads to tremor, rigidity, and hypokinesia (abnormally decreased mobility). It is thought that PD may be the first disease to be amenable to treatment using stem cell transplantation. Factors that support this notion include the knowled ...
Parallel Processing of Appetitive Short- and Long
... (STM) formation, but the nature of the relationship between early and late memory traces remains heavily debated [1–5]. To shed light on this issue, we used an olfactory appetitive conditioning in Drosophila, wherein starved flies learned to associate an odor with the presence of sugar [6]. We took ...
... (STM) formation, but the nature of the relationship between early and late memory traces remains heavily debated [1–5]. To shed light on this issue, we used an olfactory appetitive conditioning in Drosophila, wherein starved flies learned to associate an odor with the presence of sugar [6]. We took ...
View PDF - UCLA.edu
... (A) Genomic structure. The restriction map shows 5.5 kb of sequence surrounding the P element insertion sites. P element insertion sites for not2 and not4 are located within the coding region, 538 and 558 bp downstream of the start codon. not3 is inserted in the first intron. (B) Northern blot analy ...
... (A) Genomic structure. The restriction map shows 5.5 kb of sequence surrounding the P element insertion sites. P element insertion sites for not2 and not4 are located within the coding region, 538 and 558 bp downstream of the start codon. not3 is inserted in the first intron. (B) Northern blot analy ...
Hindbrain Glucoprivation Effects on Gastric Vagal Reflex Circuits
... Gastric-DMN neurons typically exhibit a characteristic, spontaneous, pacemaker activity; tonic basal DMN firing rate (FR) of ⬃2–3 spikes/s. Moderate distension (0.1–1.0 ml) of the stomach via the antral balloon causes a sharp and stimulus-dependent reduction in spontaneous DMN-FR that is time-locked ...
... Gastric-DMN neurons typically exhibit a characteristic, spontaneous, pacemaker activity; tonic basal DMN firing rate (FR) of ⬃2–3 spikes/s. Moderate distension (0.1–1.0 ml) of the stomach via the antral balloon causes a sharp and stimulus-dependent reduction in spontaneous DMN-FR that is time-locked ...
A Biologically Plausible Spiking Neuron Model of Fear Conditioning
... electric shock to an animal’s foot. Initially, presentation of the NS has no behavioural effect on the animal, but after being temporally paired with the US, the NS becomes a CS that can elicit fear responses in the absence of the US. Neurons in the amygdala have been shown to fire only for a short ...
... electric shock to an animal’s foot. Initially, presentation of the NS has no behavioural effect on the animal, but after being temporally paired with the US, the NS becomes a CS that can elicit fear responses in the absence of the US. Neurons in the amygdala have been shown to fire only for a short ...
Alaskan Husky encephalopathy - UC Davis School of Veterinary
... Distribution and classification of the lesions. All five dogs had histopathological CNS lesions of similar nature and distribution but of variable severity. Brain lesions were found in the cerebrum, brain stem and cerebellum, and occurred in two distribution patterns: (1) bilateral and symmetrical d ...
... Distribution and classification of the lesions. All five dogs had histopathological CNS lesions of similar nature and distribution but of variable severity. Brain lesions were found in the cerebrum, brain stem and cerebellum, and occurred in two distribution patterns: (1) bilateral and symmetrical d ...
A Cholinergic Mechanism for Reward Timing within Primary Visual Cortex Please share
... disambiguate the effect of cholinergic depletion upon the expression of previously established reward timing, versus the acquisition of new reward timing intervals. Therefore, following 5–6 days of post-infusion recovery, single unit data were collected while animals performed daily sessions of the ...
... disambiguate the effect of cholinergic depletion upon the expression of previously established reward timing, versus the acquisition of new reward timing intervals. Therefore, following 5–6 days of post-infusion recovery, single unit data were collected while animals performed daily sessions of the ...
The Familial Dysautonomia disease gene, Ikbkap/Elp1, is required
... nervous system (ANS) is composed of neurons in both the CNS and PNS, it would not be unexpected that deficits in FD could also result from disruptions in the central components of the ANS (Saper, 2002). ...
... nervous system (ANS) is composed of neurons in both the CNS and PNS, it would not be unexpected that deficits in FD could also result from disruptions in the central components of the ANS (Saper, 2002). ...
computer modelling of neural network of undeveloped living creatures
... The life of beetles is managed by the GA. Every beetle has a fitness function. This can be interpreted as vigour. Eating the food results higher value of vigour while the progress of time results continuous decrease of it. A bite of a predacious beetle increases its vigour and decreases the vigour o ...
... The life of beetles is managed by the GA. Every beetle has a fitness function. This can be interpreted as vigour. Eating the food results higher value of vigour while the progress of time results continuous decrease of it. A bite of a predacious beetle increases its vigour and decreases the vigour o ...
Mechanisms of cell migration in the nervous system
... of chemoattractants or repellents across a broad area (Valiente and Marín, 2010). Whereas a single growth cone can only compare the concentrations of attractant or repellant across its width (J.Q. Zheng et al., 1996), a cell may be able to compare attractant and repellant concentrations at widely di ...
... of chemoattractants or repellents across a broad area (Valiente and Marín, 2010). Whereas a single growth cone can only compare the concentrations of attractant or repellant across its width (J.Q. Zheng et al., 1996), a cell may be able to compare attractant and repellant concentrations at widely di ...
Targeting of Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Membrane Proteins and
... to the generalization that RER and SER have the same protein composition is the enrichment of several membrane proteins in the RER (Kreibich et al., 1978). ER membrane proteins can thus be divided between those that are concentrated in the RER, RER membrane proteins, and those that are not, general ...
... to the generalization that RER and SER have the same protein composition is the enrichment of several membrane proteins in the RER (Kreibich et al., 1978). ER membrane proteins can thus be divided between those that are concentrated in the RER, RER membrane proteins, and those that are not, general ...
Seizure, neurotransmitter release, and gene expression are closely
... The present experiments aimed to compare the length of seizure activity with the time-related increase of transmitter release and the induction of c-fos gene expression in the striatum of the rat. Anesthetized Wistar rats were intraperitoneally treated with 7 mg/kg 4-aminopyridine, and the transmitt ...
... The present experiments aimed to compare the length of seizure activity with the time-related increase of transmitter release and the induction of c-fos gene expression in the striatum of the rat. Anesthetized Wistar rats were intraperitoneally treated with 7 mg/kg 4-aminopyridine, and the transmitt ...
Translocation of RNA Granules in Living Neurons
... described above. Cells were incubated with either a rabbit polyclonal antibody to Artemia EF1a provided by Wim Moller (Rijks University, Leiden, The Netherlands) or a rabbit polyclonal antibody to rat 60S subunit provided by John Hesketh (Rowett Research Institute, Aberdeen, UK) and detected with a ...
... described above. Cells were incubated with either a rabbit polyclonal antibody to Artemia EF1a provided by Wim Moller (Rijks University, Leiden, The Netherlands) or a rabbit polyclonal antibody to rat 60S subunit provided by John Hesketh (Rowett Research Institute, Aberdeen, UK) and detected with a ...
Channelrhodopsin
Channelrhodopsins are a subfamily of retinylidene proteins (rhodopsins) that function as light-gated ion channels. They serve as sensory photoreceptors in unicellular green algae, controlling phototaxis: movement in response to light. Expressed in cells of other organisms, they enable light to control electrical excitability, intracellular acidity, calcium influx, and other cellular processes. Channelrhodopsin-1 (ChR1) and Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) from the model organism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii are the first discovered channelrhodopsins. Variants have been cloned from other algal species, and more are expected.