Synthesis And Antifungal Activity Of Terbinafine Analogues
... central tertiary amino group but have polar substituents at the tert-butyl residue of the side chain. Evaluation of the antifungal potential revealed that representatives of this novel structural type can also exhibit broad antifungal activity, indicating that the central amino function of allylamin ...
... central tertiary amino group but have polar substituents at the tert-butyl residue of the side chain. Evaluation of the antifungal potential revealed that representatives of this novel structural type can also exhibit broad antifungal activity, indicating that the central amino function of allylamin ...
Organic Chemistry Package 2011
... Substituents on the ring are named, and their positions are indicated by numbers, the lowest combination of numbers being used. In simple cycloalkenes and cycloalkynes, the double-and triple-bonded carbons are considered to be carbons 1 and 2. Therefore, numbering always begins at the start of the d ...
... Substituents on the ring are named, and their positions are indicated by numbers, the lowest combination of numbers being used. In simple cycloalkenes and cycloalkynes, the double-and triple-bonded carbons are considered to be carbons 1 and 2. Therefore, numbering always begins at the start of the d ...
presentation source
... Each carbon forms a maximum of four single bonds, OR two single and one double bond, OR one single and triple bond. The arrangement of carbon atoms determines the skeleton, so a straight chain and a bent chain represent the same skeleton. ...
... Each carbon forms a maximum of four single bonds, OR two single and one double bond, OR one single and triple bond. The arrangement of carbon atoms determines the skeleton, so a straight chain and a bent chain represent the same skeleton. ...
Organic Chemistry introduction
... Choose the correct ending: -ane, -ene, or -yne Determine the longest carbon chain. Where a double or triple bond is present, choose the longest chain that includes this bond. If there is a cyclic structure present, the longest chain starts and stops within the cyclic structure. Assign numbers to eac ...
... Choose the correct ending: -ane, -ene, or -yne Determine the longest carbon chain. Where a double or triple bond is present, choose the longest chain that includes this bond. If there is a cyclic structure present, the longest chain starts and stops within the cyclic structure. Assign numbers to eac ...
Chapter 12 Organic Compounds with Oxygen and Sulfur
... Reduction of Aldehydes and Ketones Aldehydes and ketones can be reduced by sodium borohydride, NaBH4, or H2. The reduction of aldehydes and ketones decreases the number of carbon–oxygen bonds by addition of hydrogen or loss of oxygen. ...
... Reduction of Aldehydes and Ketones Aldehydes and ketones can be reduced by sodium borohydride, NaBH4, or H2. The reduction of aldehydes and ketones decreases the number of carbon–oxygen bonds by addition of hydrogen or loss of oxygen. ...
Chapter 5 | Molecular Orbitals
... separate regions with opposite signs of the wave function. When two orbitals overlap, and the overlapping regions have the same sign, the sum of the two orbitals has an increased electron probability in the overlap region. When two regions of opposite sign overlap, the combination has a decreased el ...
... separate regions with opposite signs of the wave function. When two orbitals overlap, and the overlapping regions have the same sign, the sum of the two orbitals has an increased electron probability in the overlap region. When two regions of opposite sign overlap, the combination has a decreased el ...
Ether - Clayton State University
... Rules for naming alcohols For single hydroxy (-OH) group • Step 1: Identify longest chain that includes (-OH) group. Drop –e from hydrocarbon name, and replace with ending –ol. • Step 2: Number this parent chain to give lowest number to carbon with attached (-OH) group. • Step 3: Locate position of ...
... Rules for naming alcohols For single hydroxy (-OH) group • Step 1: Identify longest chain that includes (-OH) group. Drop –e from hydrocarbon name, and replace with ending –ol. • Step 2: Number this parent chain to give lowest number to carbon with attached (-OH) group. • Step 3: Locate position of ...
Three-dimensional Arrangement Of Atoms
... that cuts a molecule in half so that one half is the mirror image of the other half. Molecules (or objects) that possess a mirror plane of symmetry are superimposable on their mirror image and are termed achiral. A carbon with four different groups results in a chiral molecule and is refered to as a ...
... that cuts a molecule in half so that one half is the mirror image of the other half. Molecules (or objects) that possess a mirror plane of symmetry are superimposable on their mirror image and are termed achiral. A carbon with four different groups results in a chiral molecule and is refered to as a ...
doc
... Substituents on the ring are named, and their positions are indicated by numbers, the lowest combination of numbers being used. In simple cycloalkenes and cycloalkynes, the double-and triple-bonded carbons are considered to be carbons 1 and 2. Therefore, numbering always begins at the start of the d ...
... Substituents on the ring are named, and their positions are indicated by numbers, the lowest combination of numbers being used. In simple cycloalkenes and cycloalkynes, the double-and triple-bonded carbons are considered to be carbons 1 and 2. Therefore, numbering always begins at the start of the d ...
Alcohols, etc.
... Ar must be an aromatic ring (eg. Benzene) Thiols have the formula R-SH Disulfides have the formula R-S-S-R R may be aliphatic or aromatic ...
... Ar must be an aromatic ring (eg. Benzene) Thiols have the formula R-SH Disulfides have the formula R-S-S-R R may be aliphatic or aromatic ...
lecture 12 catalysis_transformation of alkenes_alkynes
... - via metallacyclopentane intermediate - insertion of 2 alkene molecules into M-H ...
... - via metallacyclopentane intermediate - insertion of 2 alkene molecules into M-H ...
Alkenes
... 1) Replace the -ane ending of the cycloalkane having the same number of carbons by -ene. 2) Number through the double bond in the direction that gives the lower number to the first-appearing substituent. ...
... 1) Replace the -ane ending of the cycloalkane having the same number of carbons by -ene. 2) Number through the double bond in the direction that gives the lower number to the first-appearing substituent. ...
Ethers, Epoxides and Sulfides
... ¾ Ether cannot form hydrogen bond with another ether molecule. ¾ Its lone pair electron can form a hydrogen bond with hydrogen bond donor with O-H or N-H. ...
... ¾ Ether cannot form hydrogen bond with another ether molecule. ¾ Its lone pair electron can form a hydrogen bond with hydrogen bond donor with O-H or N-H. ...
Organic Chemistry
... Because tertiary and secondary carbocations are more stable than primary carbocations, Markovnikov addition is observed in the electrophilic addition of HX to alkenes, so the product formed is the one with the halogen substituent upon the more highly substituted carbon. Also, rearrangement (hydride ...
... Because tertiary and secondary carbocations are more stable than primary carbocations, Markovnikov addition is observed in the electrophilic addition of HX to alkenes, so the product formed is the one with the halogen substituent upon the more highly substituted carbon. Also, rearrangement (hydride ...
Slide 1
... What function does the sodium bicarbonate serve in the above reaction? Give two reasons why anilines can not be nitrated directly using HNO3/H2SO4? ...
... What function does the sodium bicarbonate serve in the above reaction? Give two reasons why anilines can not be nitrated directly using HNO3/H2SO4? ...
Organic Chemistry: Introduction
... – bonds are omitted, repeated groups put together, side chains put in brackets • CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 –or even CH3(CH2)4CH3 • CH3CH(CH3)CH3 (this is not the molecule above) ...
... – bonds are omitted, repeated groups put together, side chains put in brackets • CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 –or even CH3(CH2)4CH3 • CH3CH(CH3)CH3 (this is not the molecule above) ...
Organic – Nomenclature – III
... and at C-3 the branch is hydroxy while at C-4 the branch is chloro. Since the first word is hydroxy in both the groups, the simple(or shorter) branch hydroxy is written first followed by the complex(longer) branch hydroxymethyl. ...
... and at C-3 the branch is hydroxy while at C-4 the branch is chloro. Since the first word is hydroxy in both the groups, the simple(or shorter) branch hydroxy is written first followed by the complex(longer) branch hydroxymethyl. ...
chapter 22 organic and biological molecules
... When the amine end of one amino acid reacts with the carboxylic acid end of another amino acid, the two amino acids link together by forming an amide functional group. A polypeptide has many amino acids linked together, with each linkage made by the formation of an amide functional group. Because al ...
... When the amine end of one amino acid reacts with the carboxylic acid end of another amino acid, the two amino acids link together by forming an amide functional group. A polypeptide has many amino acids linked together, with each linkage made by the formation of an amide functional group. Because al ...
Topic 10.1 Fundametals of Organic Chemistry
... – not accepted in the IB for answers but often used in questions – every “corner” represents a carbon – hydrogens are implied ...
... – not accepted in the IB for answers but often used in questions – every “corner” represents a carbon – hydrogens are implied ...
Aromaticity
In organic chemistry, the term aromaticity is formally used to describe an unusually stable nature of some flat rings of atoms. These structures contain a number of double bonds that interact with each other according to certain rules. As a result of their being so stable, such rings tend to form easily, and once formed, tend to be difficult to break in chemical reactions. Since one of the most commonly encountered aromatic system of compounds in organic chemistry is based on derivatives of the prototypical aromatic compound benzene (common in petroleum), the word “aromatic” is occasionally used to refer informally to benzene derivatives, and this is how it was first defined. Nevertheless, many non-benzene aromatic compounds exist. In living organisms, for example, the most common aromatic rings are the double-ringed bases in RNA and DNA.The earliest use of the term “aromatic” was in an article by August Wilhelm Hofmann in 1855. Hofmann used the term for a class of benzene compounds, many of which do have odors (unlike pure saturated hydrocarbons). Today, there is no general relationship between aromaticity as a chemical property and the olfactory properties of such compounds, although in 1855, before the structure of benzene or organic compounds was understood, chemists like Hofmann were beginning to understand that odiferous molecules from plants, such as terpenes, had chemical properties we recognize today are similar to unsaturated petroleum hydrocarbons like benzene.In terms of the electronic nature of the molecule, aromaticity describes the way a conjugated ring of unsaturated bonds, lone pairs of electrons, or empty molecular orbitals exhibit a stabilization stronger than would be expected by the stabilization of conjugation alone. Aromaticity can be considered a manifestation of cyclic delocalization and of resonance. This is usually considered to be because electrons are free to cycle around circular arrangements of atoms that are alternately single- and double-bonded to one another. These bonds may be seen as a hybrid of a single bond and a double bond, each bond in the ring identical to every other. This commonly seen model of aromatic rings, namely the idea that benzene was formed from a six-membered carbon ring with alternating single and double bonds (cyclohexatriene), was developed by August Kekulé (see History section below). The model for benzene consists of two resonance forms, which corresponds to the double and single bonds superimposing to produce six one-and-a-half bonds. Benzene is a more stable molecule than would be expected without accounting for charge delocalization.