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Chapter 12: Basic Review Worksheet
... 1. In general, what do we mean by a chemical bond? Name the principal types of chemical bonds. 2. What do we mean by ionic bonding? Give an example of a substance whose particles are held together by ionic bonding. 3. What do we mean by covalent bonding and polar covalent bonding? How are these two ...
... 1. In general, what do we mean by a chemical bond? Name the principal types of chemical bonds. 2. What do we mean by ionic bonding? Give an example of a substance whose particles are held together by ionic bonding. 3. What do we mean by covalent bonding and polar covalent bonding? How are these two ...
File
... Benzene is a planar symmetrical molecule. Benzene is not reactive because of the stability associated with the delocalized electrons. Most aromatic rings are given common names. ...
... Benzene is a planar symmetrical molecule. Benzene is not reactive because of the stability associated with the delocalized electrons. Most aromatic rings are given common names. ...
General Chemistry (C) Sept
... Q2: What compounds are formed with covalent bond? Molecular compounds and network compounds Localized electron-sharing model Bond Energy Bond strength and bond length Covalent radii Dipole moment and Polar bonds Multiple bonds:-bond, -bond, etc. Resonance and Electron delocalization ...
... Q2: What compounds are formed with covalent bond? Molecular compounds and network compounds Localized electron-sharing model Bond Energy Bond strength and bond length Covalent radii Dipole moment and Polar bonds Multiple bonds:-bond, -bond, etc. Resonance and Electron delocalization ...
Name Date ______ Period _____
... Why study carbon? ________________________________________________________________________ ...
... Why study carbon? ________________________________________________________________________ ...
Chapter 18 Reactions of aromatics
... Evidence for Benzyne as an Intermediate • Bromobenzene with 14C only at C1 gives substitution product with label scrambled between C1 and C2 • Reaction proceeds through a symmetrical intermediate in which C1 and C2 are equivalent— must be benzyne ...
... Evidence for Benzyne as an Intermediate • Bromobenzene with 14C only at C1 gives substitution product with label scrambled between C1 and C2 • Reaction proceeds through a symmetrical intermediate in which C1 and C2 are equivalent— must be benzyne ...
Name Period_______________ Due
... Objective: You will use your knowledge of covalent bonding to build 3-dimensional models of familiar inorganic and organic compounds. ...
... Objective: You will use your knowledge of covalent bonding to build 3-dimensional models of familiar inorganic and organic compounds. ...
directed reading a
... _____ 19. Complex carbohydrates are made of hundreds or thousands of a. lipids. c. proteins. b. sugar molecules. d. nucleic acids. _____ 20. Lipids are biochemicals that do not a. store excess energy. c. dissolve in water. b. make up cell membranes. d. store vitamins. _____ 21. Proteins are biochemi ...
... _____ 19. Complex carbohydrates are made of hundreds or thousands of a. lipids. c. proteins. b. sugar molecules. d. nucleic acids. _____ 20. Lipids are biochemicals that do not a. store excess energy. c. dissolve in water. b. make up cell membranes. d. store vitamins. _____ 21. Proteins are biochemi ...
Organic Chemistry
... Structural formulas show how the atoms are grouped in the molecule Displayed formulas show all the atoms and all the bonds ...
... Structural formulas show how the atoms are grouped in the molecule Displayed formulas show all the atoms and all the bonds ...
Prezentace aplikace PowerPoint
... Electron-deficient agent attacks the substrate with a higher electron density; the substrate retains the original bonding electron pair: R–X + E+ R–E + X+ Typical for aromatic hydrocarbons Chlorination, nitration… : ...
... Electron-deficient agent attacks the substrate with a higher electron density; the substrate retains the original bonding electron pair: R–X + E+ R–E + X+ Typical for aromatic hydrocarbons Chlorination, nitration… : ...
Review (Chapter 1) 1) Indicate if the following statements are true
... ) Polarity of bonds depends on their atonmic size. ) Polarity of molecules depends on their melting points ) The electronegativity increases across a period from left to right ) Structrural isomers differ in the arrangement of atoms ) constitutional isomers are structural isomers ) structural isomer ...
... ) Polarity of bonds depends on their atonmic size. ) Polarity of molecules depends on their melting points ) The electronegativity increases across a period from left to right ) Structrural isomers differ in the arrangement of atoms ) constitutional isomers are structural isomers ) structural isomer ...
CHAPTER 25 - CARBON AND ITS COMPOUNDS
... Structural isomers - molecules that have the same molecular formula but have different structural formulas. These are different compounds with different melting points and different chemistry Examples C5H12 (pentane, 1 methyl ...
... Structural isomers - molecules that have the same molecular formula but have different structural formulas. These are different compounds with different melting points and different chemistry Examples C5H12 (pentane, 1 methyl ...
Bio 103 Exam 1 Review – Chapters 1 and 2
... Define: Atom Element Proton Neutron Electron Atomic number Atomic mass Isotopes Electron shell Molecule Inert Reactive Chemical bonds Ionic bonds Ion ...
... Define: Atom Element Proton Neutron Electron Atomic number Atomic mass Isotopes Electron shell Molecule Inert Reactive Chemical bonds Ionic bonds Ion ...
Combinations of Atoms
... We have two oxygen on the left so we will need a number 2 on the right as a coefficient Mg + O2 ...
... We have two oxygen on the left so we will need a number 2 on the right as a coefficient Mg + O2 ...
C. Branched Chains and Substitute Groups
... -Carbon has 4 valence electrons and likes to share electrons with other atoms (including itself) to make four stable covalent bonds. -Most common partners are hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. -Hydrocarbons are a group which have only carbon and hydrogen. These are what we use as fuel because of the h ...
... -Carbon has 4 valence electrons and likes to share electrons with other atoms (including itself) to make four stable covalent bonds. -Most common partners are hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. -Hydrocarbons are a group which have only carbon and hydrogen. These are what we use as fuel because of the h ...
Biology Class Notes 3-1
... Aim: Why is chemistry important for the study of Biology? (A) Atoms Atom: basic unit of matter Made up of subatomic particles i. Protons: positive charge ii. Neutrons: no charge iii. Electrons: negative charge Atoms have the same number of protons and electrons—makes them neutral Protons and ...
... Aim: Why is chemistry important for the study of Biology? (A) Atoms Atom: basic unit of matter Made up of subatomic particles i. Protons: positive charge ii. Neutrons: no charge iii. Electrons: negative charge Atoms have the same number of protons and electrons—makes them neutral Protons and ...
Glove
... detect a chemical on the interior of a glove Permeation Rate rate at which a chemical moves through the material (units: mcg/cm2/min) ...
... detect a chemical on the interior of a glove Permeation Rate rate at which a chemical moves through the material (units: mcg/cm2/min) ...
Aromatic Compounds
... Cyclopentadiene is unusually acidic (pKa = 16) because it becomes the aromatic cyclopentadienyl anion when a proton is removed ...
... Cyclopentadiene is unusually acidic (pKa = 16) because it becomes the aromatic cyclopentadienyl anion when a proton is removed ...
Lecture 4 - Winthrop Chemistry, Physics, and Geology
... •They have an acidic proton because of the electron withdrawing effect of the carbonyl oxygen and resonance stabilization of the resultant carboxylate anion ...
... •They have an acidic proton because of the electron withdrawing effect of the carbonyl oxygen and resonance stabilization of the resultant carboxylate anion ...
Document
... chain. The introduction of an alkyl group, R, using a chloroalkane. Typical of arenes. Neither contains the pharmacophore nor induces a change in the receptor site. Not produced by the body. An organic molecule containing a carbon atom with a + charge. Intermediates in the electrophilic addition rea ...
... chain. The introduction of an alkyl group, R, using a chloroalkane. Typical of arenes. Neither contains the pharmacophore nor induces a change in the receptor site. Not produced by the body. An organic molecule containing a carbon atom with a + charge. Intermediates in the electrophilic addition rea ...
Aromaticity
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Benzene_resonance_structures.png?width=300)
In organic chemistry, the term aromaticity is formally used to describe an unusually stable nature of some flat rings of atoms. These structures contain a number of double bonds that interact with each other according to certain rules. As a result of their being so stable, such rings tend to form easily, and once formed, tend to be difficult to break in chemical reactions. Since one of the most commonly encountered aromatic system of compounds in organic chemistry is based on derivatives of the prototypical aromatic compound benzene (common in petroleum), the word “aromatic” is occasionally used to refer informally to benzene derivatives, and this is how it was first defined. Nevertheless, many non-benzene aromatic compounds exist. In living organisms, for example, the most common aromatic rings are the double-ringed bases in RNA and DNA.The earliest use of the term “aromatic” was in an article by August Wilhelm Hofmann in 1855. Hofmann used the term for a class of benzene compounds, many of which do have odors (unlike pure saturated hydrocarbons). Today, there is no general relationship between aromaticity as a chemical property and the olfactory properties of such compounds, although in 1855, before the structure of benzene or organic compounds was understood, chemists like Hofmann were beginning to understand that odiferous molecules from plants, such as terpenes, had chemical properties we recognize today are similar to unsaturated petroleum hydrocarbons like benzene.In terms of the electronic nature of the molecule, aromaticity describes the way a conjugated ring of unsaturated bonds, lone pairs of electrons, or empty molecular orbitals exhibit a stabilization stronger than would be expected by the stabilization of conjugation alone. Aromaticity can be considered a manifestation of cyclic delocalization and of resonance. This is usually considered to be because electrons are free to cycle around circular arrangements of atoms that are alternately single- and double-bonded to one another. These bonds may be seen as a hybrid of a single bond and a double bond, each bond in the ring identical to every other. This commonly seen model of aromatic rings, namely the idea that benzene was formed from a six-membered carbon ring with alternating single and double bonds (cyclohexatriene), was developed by August Kekulé (see History section below). The model for benzene consists of two resonance forms, which corresponds to the double and single bonds superimposing to produce six one-and-a-half bonds. Benzene is a more stable molecule than would be expected without accounting for charge delocalization.