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CP Biology Name ___________________________ Period_______________ Date____________________ Laboratory: Building Chemical Models – Part I Objective: You will use your knowledge of covalent bonding to build 3-dimensional models of familiar inorganic and organic compounds. Procedure: In this investigation, you will be using a 3-D chemical model kit to build different molecules. Look through your kit. The colored spheres represent different types of atoms. Notice that each sphere has a number of holes drilled into the sides. These represent the number of covalent bonds that could be formed between atoms. The kit also contains two different types of gray colored connectors. These will represent bonds between the atoms. 1) Using your knowledge of bonding, fill out the following chart. The atoms that are missing are hydrogen (H), carbon ( C ) and oxygen (O). Color and Shape Atom or bond White sphere Red sphere Blue sphere Nitrogen N Black sphere Short, gray connector Long, gray connector Used to make a single bond. Used to make double or triple bonds. 2) Look carefully at the colored spheres. Each ‘hole’ represents an electron which is unpaired and therefore available to enter into a covalent bond. How many bonds can Hydrogen form?_____________ How can you tell?_________________________ How many bonds can Oxygen form?______________ How can you tell?_________________________ How many bonds can Nitrogen form?______________ How can you tell?_________________________ How many bonds can Carbon form?______________ How can you tell?_________________________ 3) Can hydrogen form double bonds?________ Explain why: ____________________________________ 4) Which of the atoms above can form double bonds? __________________________________________ Explain why: _________________________________________________________________________ 5) Which of the atoms above can form triple bonds? ____________________________________________ Explain why: _________________________________________________________________________ 6) Chemical formulas and structural formulas tell us a lot about molecules: O=C=O CH4 H I HCH I H C6H12O6 What does the chemical formula tell us about a molecule? _____________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ What additional information does the structural formula give us?_________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 7) Fill in the names and structural formulas for the following chemical formulas. Then construct a 3-D model of each of the molecules. When you have completed all of the models, call your teacher so that your work can be checked. Do not disassemble any of the models until your work has been checked. Chemical Formula Chemical Name Structural Formula Example: H2O water HOH Teacher Initials NH3 CH4 O2 H2 CO2 8) What type of bond do the lines between atoms above represent?______________________ Define this bond: _____________________________________________________________________ 9) Molecules that contain carbon (and usually hydrogen) are called organic molecules. This type of molecule is abundant in living things. Exceptions to the rule are carbon dioxide (CO2) and calcium carbonate or limestone (CaCO3). Which molecule that you built above is an organic molecule?__________________
