Sensors for impossible stimuli may solve the stereo correspondence
... Theorem D). For sufficiently narrow-band cells, the stimulus disparity, modulo the preferred spatial period of the cell, can be read off from the peak of this sinusoid. If the sinusoid peaks for cells tuned to a phase disparity of Dfpref, then the stimulus disparity is lDfpref/2p ± nl, where l is th ...
... Theorem D). For sufficiently narrow-band cells, the stimulus disparity, modulo the preferred spatial period of the cell, can be read off from the peak of this sinusoid. If the sinusoid peaks for cells tuned to a phase disparity of Dfpref, then the stimulus disparity is lDfpref/2p ± nl, where l is th ...
Firing activities of auditory cortical neurons during categorical task
... environments are linked up and are given salience for decision-making so that a group of individually different stimuli leads to the same response. Categorization is not a single mental ability, but instead depends on several different abilities that use different brain structures and processes. Hum ...
... environments are linked up and are given salience for decision-making so that a group of individually different stimuli leads to the same response. Categorization is not a single mental ability, but instead depends on several different abilities that use different brain structures and processes. Hum ...
New Treatment Approaches in Tinnitus: The Place of Repetitive
... may take up to 20 minutes. While the anodal stimulation increases the neuronal excitability by depolarizing the cell wall, cathodal stimulation lowers neuronal excitability by hyperpolarizing the cell wall (26). However, since there are many cortical cell types in the brain, the combined effect of t ...
... may take up to 20 minutes. While the anodal stimulation increases the neuronal excitability by depolarizing the cell wall, cathodal stimulation lowers neuronal excitability by hyperpolarizing the cell wall (26). However, since there are many cortical cell types in the brain, the combined effect of t ...
Ear manipulations help model neuroplasticity limitations
... Connecting Sensory Organs with the Central Nervous System Sensory organs send information about the outside world to specified nuclei in the central nervous system (CNS). In turn, the CNS sends information back to certain sensory organs to modulate the incoming signal. For example, the retina of man ...
... Connecting Sensory Organs with the Central Nervous System Sensory organs send information about the outside world to specified nuclei in the central nervous system (CNS). In turn, the CNS sends information back to certain sensory organs to modulate the incoming signal. For example, the retina of man ...
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the development of epilepsy
... neurogenesis, neurite growth, and reorganization of extracellular matrix leading to changes in neuronal networks. Many of these features are normally regulated by neurotrophic growth factors, especially brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Moreover, BDNF modifies both excitatory and inhibitory ...
... neurogenesis, neurite growth, and reorganization of extracellular matrix leading to changes in neuronal networks. Many of these features are normally regulated by neurotrophic growth factors, especially brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Moreover, BDNF modifies both excitatory and inhibitory ...
Chapter 9 The Nervous System
... – Inward movement of Na+ depolarizes the membrane by making the inside more positive than the outside at the stimulated point; this depolarization is a nerve impulse (action potential) – The stimulated section of membrane immediately repolarizes, but by that time the depolarization has already trigg ...
... – Inward movement of Na+ depolarizes the membrane by making the inside more positive than the outside at the stimulated point; this depolarization is a nerve impulse (action potential) – The stimulated section of membrane immediately repolarizes, but by that time the depolarization has already trigg ...
Modality-Based Organization of Ascending Somatosensory Axons in
... model, which suggests that somatosensory afferents are primarily organized by receptive field instead of modality. Using modalityspecific genetic tracing, here we show that ascending mechanosensory and proprioceptive axons, two main types of the DDC afferents, are largely segregated into a medial–la ...
... model, which suggests that somatosensory afferents are primarily organized by receptive field instead of modality. Using modalityspecific genetic tracing, here we show that ascending mechanosensory and proprioceptive axons, two main types of the DDC afferents, are largely segregated into a medial–la ...
Chapter 9 The Nervous System
... – Inward movement of Na+ depolarizes the membrane by making the inside more positive than the outside at the stimulated point; this depolarization is a nerve impulse (action potential) – The stimulated section of membrane immediately repolarizes, but by that time the depolarization has already trigg ...
... – Inward movement of Na+ depolarizes the membrane by making the inside more positive than the outside at the stimulated point; this depolarization is a nerve impulse (action potential) – The stimulated section of membrane immediately repolarizes, but by that time the depolarization has already trigg ...
A Novel Functionally Distinct Subtype of Striatal Neuropeptide Y
... NPY–PLTS interneurons. IPSP/Cs could only rarely be elicited in spiny projection neurons (SPNs) in paired recordings with NPY–PLTS interneurons. In contrast, the probability of SPN innervation by NPY–neurogliaform interneurons was extremely high, the synapse very reliable (no failures were observed) ...
... NPY–PLTS interneurons. IPSP/Cs could only rarely be elicited in spiny projection neurons (SPNs) in paired recordings with NPY–PLTS interneurons. In contrast, the probability of SPN innervation by NPY–neurogliaform interneurons was extremely high, the synapse very reliable (no failures were observed) ...
Effect of Spatial Attention on the Responses of Area MT Neurons
... behavioral contexts. In contrast to bottom-up processes, which are involuntary, top-down processes involve a voluntary selection mechanism that can be flexibly directed to different stimuli in the same visual scene depending on current behavioral demands. A key question raised by psychophysical stud ...
... behavioral contexts. In contrast to bottom-up processes, which are involuntary, top-down processes involve a voluntary selection mechanism that can be flexibly directed to different stimuli in the same visual scene depending on current behavioral demands. A key question raised by psychophysical stud ...
Subregions of the human superior frontal gyrus and their connections
... In contrast with that DTT can exhibit anatomical connection between two brain regions; resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) can reveal functional correlation between every two regions by evaluating the temporal coherence of the low frequency blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signals. The c ...
... In contrast with that DTT can exhibit anatomical connection between two brain regions; resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) can reveal functional correlation between every two regions by evaluating the temporal coherence of the low frequency blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signals. The c ...
1
... motivational deficits. Interestingly, GM volume reductions, related to emotional processes are more prominent in H-I subtype, more preserved in combined subtypes, and relatively undisrupted in inattentive subtypes, which is in agreement with previous ADHD theories (Castellanos and Tannock 2002). We ...
... motivational deficits. Interestingly, GM volume reductions, related to emotional processes are more prominent in H-I subtype, more preserved in combined subtypes, and relatively undisrupted in inattentive subtypes, which is in agreement with previous ADHD theories (Castellanos and Tannock 2002). We ...
Mitchell, Emma (2016) Detour pathways of descending motor
... via the corticospinal tract (CST). The extent to which the motor cortex influences ipsilateral limb function is less clear. Interest in ipsilateral cortical control stems from studies of stroke survivors, demonstrating increased activation of the ipsilateral motor cortex during movement of the affec ...
... via the corticospinal tract (CST). The extent to which the motor cortex influences ipsilateral limb function is less clear. Interest in ipsilateral cortical control stems from studies of stroke survivors, demonstrating increased activation of the ipsilateral motor cortex during movement of the affec ...
The dynamic cytoskeleton: backbone of dendritic spine plasticity
... key roles in learning and memory. Both the form and function of spines are critically dependent on the actin cytoskeleton. However, new research, using electron microscopy and livecell super-resolution microscopy indicates that the actin cytoskeleton is more complex and dynamic than originally thoug ...
... key roles in learning and memory. Both the form and function of spines are critically dependent on the actin cytoskeleton. However, new research, using electron microscopy and livecell super-resolution microscopy indicates that the actin cytoskeleton is more complex and dynamic than originally thoug ...
Anandamide as an intracellular messenger regulating ion channel
... The endocannabinoid anandamide (N-arachidonoylethanolamine) was proposed to be an extracellular retrograde messenger, which regulates excitability of neurons by cannabinoid CB1 receptordependent inhibition of neurotransmitter release. Recent findings indicate that the neuromodulatory actions of anan ...
... The endocannabinoid anandamide (N-arachidonoylethanolamine) was proposed to be an extracellular retrograde messenger, which regulates excitability of neurons by cannabinoid CB1 receptordependent inhibition of neurotransmitter release. Recent findings indicate that the neuromodulatory actions of anan ...
CRANIAL NERVES: Functional Anatomy
... to try reading it sometime, though, because it covers topics that students find troublesome but which aid understanding if properly appreciated. If you persevere with Part I you might be rewarded with, at the very least, a warm inward glow when the light finally dawns on some previously murky corner ...
... to try reading it sometime, though, because it covers topics that students find troublesome but which aid understanding if properly appreciated. If you persevere with Part I you might be rewarded with, at the very least, a warm inward glow when the light finally dawns on some previously murky corner ...
Emilia Biffi Editor - Biology at the University of Illinois at Urbana
... series focuses on the tools and techniques unique to the investigation of the nervous system and excitable cells. It will not, however, shortchange the concept side of things as care has been taken to integrate these tools within the context of the concepts and questions under investigation. In this ...
... series focuses on the tools and techniques unique to the investigation of the nervous system and excitable cells. It will not, however, shortchange the concept side of things as care has been taken to integrate these tools within the context of the concepts and questions under investigation. In this ...
cont`d. - PSY388
... © 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different from the U.S. Edition. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. ...
... © 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different from the U.S. Edition. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. ...
Here follows a list of recently published papers
... Hidden Gene Gives Hope for Improving Brain Function http://neurosciencenews.com/neuropsychiatry-geneticsgomafu-1798 … Is L-lactate a novel signaling molecule in the brain? http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25920953?dopt=Abstract … Sour milk could be the latest neurotransmitter" PI3K/AKT pathway mut ...
... Hidden Gene Gives Hope for Improving Brain Function http://neurosciencenews.com/neuropsychiatry-geneticsgomafu-1798 … Is L-lactate a novel signaling molecule in the brain? http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25920953?dopt=Abstract … Sour milk could be the latest neurotransmitter" PI3K/AKT pathway mut ...
Contrast-dependence of surround suppression in
... Neuronal responses in primary visual cortex (V1) to optimally oriented high-contrast stimuli in the receptive field (RF) center are suppressed by stimuli in the RF surround, but can be facilitated when the RF center is stimulated at low contrast. The neural circuits and mechanisms for surround modula ...
... Neuronal responses in primary visual cortex (V1) to optimally oriented high-contrast stimuli in the receptive field (RF) center are suppressed by stimuli in the RF surround, but can be facilitated when the RF center is stimulated at low contrast. The neural circuits and mechanisms for surround modula ...
PDF - Journal of Neuroscience
... which occurs in older mice, as a compounding factor (n ⫽ 10 mice/ group, half male and half female). Behavioral testing in the open field. The open field locomotor test was used to determine basal activity levels of study subjects (total move time) during a 15 min session. Spontaneous activity in an ...
... which occurs in older mice, as a compounding factor (n ⫽ 10 mice/ group, half male and half female). Behavioral testing in the open field. The open field locomotor test was used to determine basal activity levels of study subjects (total move time) during a 15 min session. Spontaneous activity in an ...
What the young brain tells the spinal cord: top down modulation of
... maturation of descending control of spinal sensory circuitry in rats and hypothesise that descending serotonergic neurons in the RVM provide ongoing descending facilitation of spinal sensory networks in young animals. In chapter 2, I demonstrate that cutaneous noxious stimulation activates neurons i ...
... maturation of descending control of spinal sensory circuitry in rats and hypothesise that descending serotonergic neurons in the RVM provide ongoing descending facilitation of spinal sensory networks in young animals. In chapter 2, I demonstrate that cutaneous noxious stimulation activates neurons i ...
Test Bank 1
... 32. Neurons that collect messages from sense organs and carry those messages to the spinal cord or the brain are called ________ neurons. a. association b. afferent Correct: Afferent neuron is another term for sensory neuron, which is responsible for taking messages from the sensory organs to the ce ...
... 32. Neurons that collect messages from sense organs and carry those messages to the spinal cord or the brain are called ________ neurons. a. association b. afferent Correct: Afferent neuron is another term for sensory neuron, which is responsible for taking messages from the sensory organs to the ce ...
Mechanisms of axon degeneration: From development to disease
... dynamically regulated and potentially reversible local phenomenon, whereas degeneration processes likely reflect more global (e.g. transcriptional) transition states in neurons. Developmental synapse elimination is a local process involving the activity-dependent and competitive elimination of input ...
... dynamically regulated and potentially reversible local phenomenon, whereas degeneration processes likely reflect more global (e.g. transcriptional) transition states in neurons. Developmental synapse elimination is a local process involving the activity-dependent and competitive elimination of input ...
as Adobe PDF - Edinburgh Research Explorer
... as projecting to the posterior pituitary but which did not participate in this bursting activity could ...
... as projecting to the posterior pituitary but which did not participate in this bursting activity could ...
Synaptic gating
Synaptic gating is the ability of neural circuits to gate inputs by either suppressing or facilitating specific synaptic activity. Selective inhibition of certain synapses has been studied thoroughly (see Gate theory of pain), and recent studies have supported the existence of permissively gated synaptic transmission. In general, synaptic gating involves a mechanism of central control over neuronal output. It includes a sort of gatekeeper neuron, which has the ability to influence transmission of information to selected targets independently of the parts of the synapse upon which it exerts its action (see also neuromodulation).Bistable neurons have the ability to oscillate between a hyperpolarized (down state) and a depolarized (up state) resting membrane potential without firing an action potential. These neurons can thus be referred to as up/down neurons. According to one model, this ability is linked to the presence of NMDA and AMPA glutamate receptors. External stimulation of the NMDA receptors is responsible for moving the neuron from the down state to the up state, while the stimulation of AMPA receptors allows the neuron to reach and surpass the threshold potential. Neurons that have this bistable ability have the potential to be gated because outside gatekeeper neurons can modulate the membrane potential of the gated neuron by selectively shifting them from the up state to the down state. Such mechanisms have been observed in the nucleus accumbens, with gatekeepers originating in the cortex, thalamus and basal ganglia.