Altered Resting-State Functional Connectivity of
... dependent activity. Whole-brain voxel-wise functional connectivity of basolateral and CMA seeds was compared between groups. The PTSD group had stronger functional connectivity of the basolateral amygdala (BLA) complex with the pregenual anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), dorsomedial prefrontal cortex ...
... dependent activity. Whole-brain voxel-wise functional connectivity of basolateral and CMA seeds was compared between groups. The PTSD group had stronger functional connectivity of the basolateral amygdala (BLA) complex with the pregenual anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), dorsomedial prefrontal cortex ...
State transitions between wake and sleep, and within the
... E-mail address: [email protected] (H. Merica). ...
... E-mail address: [email protected] (H. Merica). ...
By ON THE ROLE OF THE SUPERIOR COLLICULUS IN THE CONTROL... VISUALLY-GUIDED SACCADES
... and saccadic preparation interact within the SC to influence saccadic reaction time. I concluded that saccade latency was strongly dependant on the spatial representation and interaction of visual and saccade related signals in the SC. Together, these findings provide novel insight into the neural m ...
... and saccadic preparation interact within the SC to influence saccadic reaction time. I concluded that saccade latency was strongly dependant on the spatial representation and interaction of visual and saccade related signals in the SC. Together, these findings provide novel insight into the neural m ...
Glutamine deficiency in the prefrontal cortex increases depressive
... prefrontal cortex (PFC) were measured after L-AAA infusion. There was no change in Glu or Gln levels in the PFC on the third day after the infusion (Glu level of day 3, t8 = –0.840, p = 0.42; Gln level of day 3, t8 = –0.174, p = 0.87); however, Glu and Gln levels in mice infused with L-AAA decreased ...
... prefrontal cortex (PFC) were measured after L-AAA infusion. There was no change in Glu or Gln levels in the PFC on the third day after the infusion (Glu level of day 3, t8 = –0.840, p = 0.42; Gln level of day 3, t8 = –0.174, p = 0.87); however, Glu and Gln levels in mice infused with L-AAA decreased ...
Extracellular Glutamate, Glutamine, and GABA in the Hippocampus
... and is associated with significant disability. Brain microdialysis studies on the epileptogenic hippocampus of patients with medication refractory epilepsy have identified elevations in extracellular glutamate, the primary brain excitatory neurotransmitter, both acutely during seizures and chronical ...
... and is associated with significant disability. Brain microdialysis studies on the epileptogenic hippocampus of patients with medication refractory epilepsy have identified elevations in extracellular glutamate, the primary brain excitatory neurotransmitter, both acutely during seizures and chronical ...
Mechanisms of Leptin Action and Leptin Resistance
... LRb signaling, feedback inhibition, and the regulation of physiology. Leptin binding to the extracellular domain of LRb, the functional leptin receptor isoform, mediates the activation of the intracellular, LRb-associated Jak2 tyrosine kinase, resulting in Jak2 autophosphorylation on tyrosine residu ...
... LRb signaling, feedback inhibition, and the regulation of physiology. Leptin binding to the extracellular domain of LRb, the functional leptin receptor isoform, mediates the activation of the intracellular, LRb-associated Jak2 tyrosine kinase, resulting in Jak2 autophosphorylation on tyrosine residu ...
Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Reelin Signaling in the Adult
... The study of Reelin signaling and its role in cortical development is responsible for the large preponderance of known signaling mechanism. For that reason, section one will consist of an overview of cortical development followed by a more specific discussion of major and aspiring players in the Re ...
... The study of Reelin signaling and its role in cortical development is responsible for the large preponderance of known signaling mechanism. For that reason, section one will consist of an overview of cortical development followed by a more specific discussion of major and aspiring players in the Re ...
Cumming BG, Parker AJ.
... Indigo Computer and displayed on two monochrome monitors (Tektronix GM A 201). Gamma correction was applied to produce a linear relationship between luminance and the gray level specified by the computer. The mean luminance was 188 cd /m 2, the maximum contrast was 99%, and the frame rate was 72 Hz. ...
... Indigo Computer and displayed on two monochrome monitors (Tektronix GM A 201). Gamma correction was applied to produce a linear relationship between luminance and the gray level specified by the computer. The mean luminance was 188 cd /m 2, the maximum contrast was 99%, and the frame rate was 72 Hz. ...
Mechanisms of Sleep Control - UCLA Integrative Center for
... 1972). Indeed, this reduction in sympathetic tone may be one of the most fundamental and functionally important aspects of this state. All of the above-mentioned EEG, EMG, and autonomic phenomena can be readily explained in terms of changes in neuronal activity. Thus, the neocortical EEG desynchrony ...
... 1972). Indeed, this reduction in sympathetic tone may be one of the most fundamental and functionally important aspects of this state. All of the above-mentioned EEG, EMG, and autonomic phenomena can be readily explained in terms of changes in neuronal activity. Thus, the neocortical EEG desynchrony ...
Neck Muscle Responses to Stimulation of Monkey Superior
... Three male monkeys (Macaca mulatta, monkeys f, z, and r) weighing 5.4 – 6.7 kg were used in these experiments following procedures approved by the Queen’s University Animal Care Committee in compliance with the guidelines of the Canadian Council on Animal Care. The monkeys’ weights were monitored da ...
... Three male monkeys (Macaca mulatta, monkeys f, z, and r) weighing 5.4 – 6.7 kg were used in these experiments following procedures approved by the Queen’s University Animal Care Committee in compliance with the guidelines of the Canadian Council on Animal Care. The monkeys’ weights were monitored da ...
Anatomy and physiology of the esophageal body
... esophagus was due to noncholinergic inhibitory nerves in the esophageal wall. Crist et al.2 reported that the influence of noncholinergic nerve is minimal at the proximal esophagus and increasing distally and the cholinergic influence is maximal in the proximal esophagus and decreasing distally. The ...
... esophagus was due to noncholinergic inhibitory nerves in the esophageal wall. Crist et al.2 reported that the influence of noncholinergic nerve is minimal at the proximal esophagus and increasing distally and the cholinergic influence is maximal in the proximal esophagus and decreasing distally. The ...
Neural Mechanisms of Extinction Learning and Retrieval
... Studies on the neurobiology of extinction have been driven by the well-documented circuitry of conditioned fear. The basolateral amygdala (BLA) associates sensory and shockrelated inputs and influences central nucleus output neurons, which drive fear expression through descending projections (Pare e ...
... Studies on the neurobiology of extinction have been driven by the well-documented circuitry of conditioned fear. The basolateral amygdala (BLA) associates sensory and shockrelated inputs and influences central nucleus output neurons, which drive fear expression through descending projections (Pare e ...
Neural Control - International Continence Society
... Figure 3. Diagram showing neural circuits controlling continence and micturition. (A) Urine storage reflexes. During the storage of urine, distention of the bladder produces low level vesical afferent firing, which in turn stimulates (1) the sympathetic outflow to the bladder outlet (base and urethr ...
... Figure 3. Diagram showing neural circuits controlling continence and micturition. (A) Urine storage reflexes. During the storage of urine, distention of the bladder produces low level vesical afferent firing, which in turn stimulates (1) the sympathetic outflow to the bladder outlet (base and urethr ...
Wild type human TDP-43 potentiates ALS-linked mutant TDP
... knockdown results only in a mild impairment in grip strength, with no overt evidence of neurodegeneration [27], while motor neuron specific knockdown results in age dependent progressive motor dysfunction and motor neuron loss [30, 31]. Studies investigating the effect of overexpression of human wil ...
... knockdown results only in a mild impairment in grip strength, with no overt evidence of neurodegeneration [27], while motor neuron specific knockdown results in age dependent progressive motor dysfunction and motor neuron loss [30, 31]. Studies investigating the effect of overexpression of human wil ...
Gastric Effects of Cholecystokinin and Its Interaction with Leptin on
... The NTS neuronal responses observed during pretrial or pretreatment (control) were compared with post-trial (washout) to confirm that brainstem neuronal activity returned to the control level after washout. Tachyphylaxis was tested by reapplying the test compound to the gastric compartment and obser ...
... The NTS neuronal responses observed during pretrial or pretreatment (control) were compared with post-trial (washout) to confirm that brainstem neuronal activity returned to the control level after washout. Tachyphylaxis was tested by reapplying the test compound to the gastric compartment and obser ...
The Role of the Terminal Nerve and GnRH in Olfactory System
... plays an important role in translating environmental chemical information into electrical signals that can be recognized accurately. In this system, odorant information is first received by olfactory receptor neurons in the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory bulbar neural circuits then process this inf ...
... plays an important role in translating environmental chemical information into electrical signals that can be recognized accurately. In this system, odorant information is first received by olfactory receptor neurons in the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory bulbar neural circuits then process this inf ...
... grey matter volume decreases in dopamine related regions also corroborate such deficits. Adults diagnosed with this disorder are likely to neuropsychological deficits involving working memory, attention and inhibitory control. The multiple pathway model proposed by Sonuga-Barke implicates at least t ...
NIH Public Access
... the proportion of the 20,000 references in the literature utilizing such Ca2+ ionophores where this underlying bioenergetic effect is an unrecognized complication. It is generally accepted that the hexavalent cation ruthenium red is impermeant across the plasma membrane of most cells and that it act ...
... the proportion of the 20,000 references in the literature utilizing such Ca2+ ionophores where this underlying bioenergetic effect is an unrecognized complication. It is generally accepted that the hexavalent cation ruthenium red is impermeant across the plasma membrane of most cells and that it act ...
In 1978 Mountcastle hypothesized that the smallest functional unit of
... (“mosaic”) made up of discrete place-defined macrocolumns – “segregates”– in the region of cat and monkey somatosensory cortex which receives input from forelimb skin, also proposed that discrete place-defined macrocolumns are a common mode of topographic organization throughout somatosensory cortex ...
... (“mosaic”) made up of discrete place-defined macrocolumns – “segregates”– in the region of cat and monkey somatosensory cortex which receives input from forelimb skin, also proposed that discrete place-defined macrocolumns are a common mode of topographic organization throughout somatosensory cortex ...
PHYSIOLOGY OF PAIN
... synaptic connection into areas of the spinal cord that receive input from nociceptors). In conclusion, the several kinds of endogenous chemicals are produced with tissue damage and inflammation. These products have excitatory effects on nociceptors. However, it is not known whether nociceptors respo ...
... synaptic connection into areas of the spinal cord that receive input from nociceptors). In conclusion, the several kinds of endogenous chemicals are produced with tissue damage and inflammation. These products have excitatory effects on nociceptors. However, it is not known whether nociceptors respo ...
Independent Functions of Slit–Robo Repulsion and Netrin– Frazzled
... Copyright © 2007 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/07/273584-09$15.00/0 ...
... Copyright © 2007 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/07/273584-09$15.00/0 ...
Jennifer McFarland - University of Evansville Faculty Web sites
... hippocampal neurogenesis as my topic because it is relevant to stem cell research, a matter of popular controversy that both intrigues me, and may be useful for my graduate school pursuits. If there are any further questions about this review, I can be reached at [email protected]. ...
... hippocampal neurogenesis as my topic because it is relevant to stem cell research, a matter of popular controversy that both intrigues me, and may be useful for my graduate school pursuits. If there are any further questions about this review, I can be reached at [email protected]. ...
Early and Rapid Targeting of Eye-Specific Axonal Projections to the
... 1978; ferret, Linden et al., 1981; cat, Shatz, 1983; mouse, Godement et al., 1984; rat, Jeffrey, 1984), using both radioactive and nonradioactive tracers to label ganglion cell axons. These studies confirmed Rakic’s main conclusion that eye-specific retinogeniculate projections emerge from a state i ...
... 1978; ferret, Linden et al., 1981; cat, Shatz, 1983; mouse, Godement et al., 1984; rat, Jeffrey, 1984), using both radioactive and nonradioactive tracers to label ganglion cell axons. These studies confirmed Rakic’s main conclusion that eye-specific retinogeniculate projections emerge from a state i ...
Chapter 14 PowerPoint - IHMC Public Cmaps (2)
... mitochondrial activity New terminal sprouts project from the proximal segment Process limited to myelinated axons ...
... mitochondrial activity New terminal sprouts project from the proximal segment Process limited to myelinated axons ...
Convergence, Divergence, Pupillary Reactions and
... chosen because its visual system is representative of the primate series and in many ways similar to that of man. The visual fields of the eyes of the macaque overlap considerably, and binocular vision undoubtedly exists. Also, the macaque possesses the so-called near reflex and has large amplitudes ...
... chosen because its visual system is representative of the primate series and in many ways similar to that of man. The visual fields of the eyes of the macaque overlap considerably, and binocular vision undoubtedly exists. Also, the macaque possesses the so-called near reflex and has large amplitudes ...
Synaptic gating
Synaptic gating is the ability of neural circuits to gate inputs by either suppressing or facilitating specific synaptic activity. Selective inhibition of certain synapses has been studied thoroughly (see Gate theory of pain), and recent studies have supported the existence of permissively gated synaptic transmission. In general, synaptic gating involves a mechanism of central control over neuronal output. It includes a sort of gatekeeper neuron, which has the ability to influence transmission of information to selected targets independently of the parts of the synapse upon which it exerts its action (see also neuromodulation).Bistable neurons have the ability to oscillate between a hyperpolarized (down state) and a depolarized (up state) resting membrane potential without firing an action potential. These neurons can thus be referred to as up/down neurons. According to one model, this ability is linked to the presence of NMDA and AMPA glutamate receptors. External stimulation of the NMDA receptors is responsible for moving the neuron from the down state to the up state, while the stimulation of AMPA receptors allows the neuron to reach and surpass the threshold potential. Neurons that have this bistable ability have the potential to be gated because outside gatekeeper neurons can modulate the membrane potential of the gated neuron by selectively shifting them from the up state to the down state. Such mechanisms have been observed in the nucleus accumbens, with gatekeepers originating in the cortex, thalamus and basal ganglia.