Capturing Brain Dynamics: a combined neuroscience and
... Neural synchronization ‣ A red Ferrari sports car drives by you’re perceiving: ...
... Neural synchronization ‣ A red Ferrari sports car drives by you’re perceiving: ...
Differential Temporal Storage Capacity in the Baseline Activity of
... allowed us to examine temporal storage capacity under conditions when visual sensory stimuli and eye movements were at a minimum. Unless otherwise indicated, only data from successful trials were analyzed in this study. To ensure that there were sufficient spike data for the analysis of baseline act ...
... allowed us to examine temporal storage capacity under conditions when visual sensory stimuli and eye movements were at a minimum. Unless otherwise indicated, only data from successful trials were analyzed in this study. To ensure that there were sufficient spike data for the analysis of baseline act ...
Vagal Input to Lateral Area 3a in Cat Cortex
... the first time (Siegfried 1961), others (Aubert 1970; Aubert and Legros 1971; Korn and Masson 1963; Massion et al. 1966) clearly differentiated the evoked potential in the lateral sigmoid gyrus, at the lateral extent of sensorimotor cortex, from the evoked potential focus in the orbital gyrus, which ...
... the first time (Siegfried 1961), others (Aubert 1970; Aubert and Legros 1971; Korn and Masson 1963; Massion et al. 1966) clearly differentiated the evoked potential in the lateral sigmoid gyrus, at the lateral extent of sensorimotor cortex, from the evoked potential focus in the orbital gyrus, which ...
the biological perspective
... Two special types of glial cells, called oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells, generate a layer of fatty substances called myelin. Oligodendrocytes produce myelin for the neurons in the brain and spinal cord (the central nervous system); Schwann cells produce myelin for the neurons of the body (the pe ...
... Two special types of glial cells, called oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells, generate a layer of fatty substances called myelin. Oligodendrocytes produce myelin for the neurons in the brain and spinal cord (the central nervous system); Schwann cells produce myelin for the neurons of the body (the pe ...
Severe Reduction of Rat Defensive Behavior to a Predator by
... defensive responses [1], patterns of somatomotor and autonomic responses resembling the behavior of animals facing natural threats have now been obtained from a number of hypothalamic medial zone sites [34]. However, a great deal remains to be learned about the functional role of these centers, and ...
... defensive responses [1], patterns of somatomotor and autonomic responses resembling the behavior of animals facing natural threats have now been obtained from a number of hypothalamic medial zone sites [34]. However, a great deal remains to be learned about the functional role of these centers, and ...
Evolutionarily conserved prefrontal-amygdalar dysfunction in early
... Some individuals are endowed with a biology that renders them more reactive to novelty and potential threat. When extreme, this anxious temperament (AT) confers elevated risk for the development of anxiety, depression and substance abuse. These disorders are highly prevalent, debilitating and can be ...
... Some individuals are endowed with a biology that renders them more reactive to novelty and potential threat. When extreme, this anxious temperament (AT) confers elevated risk for the development of anxiety, depression and substance abuse. These disorders are highly prevalent, debilitating and can be ...
Nervous System Pt 3
... Surrounds the primary visual cortex Uses past visual experiences to interpret visual stimuli (e.g., color, form, and movement) Complex processing involves entire posterior half of the ...
... Surrounds the primary visual cortex Uses past visual experiences to interpret visual stimuli (e.g., color, form, and movement) Complex processing involves entire posterior half of the ...
Psychology
... for initiating movement so you can turn around and look at the person to decide how to respond to them. Nerve impulses are responsible for the way information is transmitted from one neuron to another throughout the nervous system in a rapid manner. Neurons are able to communicate through bodily che ...
... for initiating movement so you can turn around and look at the person to decide how to respond to them. Nerve impulses are responsible for the way information is transmitted from one neuron to another throughout the nervous system in a rapid manner. Neurons are able to communicate through bodily che ...
Tsodyks-Banbury-2006
... encode spatio-temporal inputs by precise spike patterns. 2. Random spontaneous activity could play a crucial role in setting the sensitivity of the network to sensory inputs (top-down ...
... encode spatio-temporal inputs by precise spike patterns. 2. Random spontaneous activity could play a crucial role in setting the sensitivity of the network to sensory inputs (top-down ...
Braingate Systems.ppt
... of firing of C and AP fibers, the firing of the nonnociceptive fiber may inhibit the firing of the projection neuron and the transmission of pain stimuliGate control theory thus explains how stimulus that activates only nonnociceptive nerves can inhibit pain. The pain seems to be lessened when the a ...
... of firing of C and AP fibers, the firing of the nonnociceptive fiber may inhibit the firing of the projection neuron and the transmission of pain stimuliGate control theory thus explains how stimulus that activates only nonnociceptive nerves can inhibit pain. The pain seems to be lessened when the a ...
Dexamethasone Rapidly Increases GABA Release in the Dorsal
... related to gastrointestinal and cardiovascular control [10–13], possibly via GABA receptor-dependent effects [13], but the cellular mechanisms underlying these responses are unknown. Rapid glucocorticoid actions on neuroendocrine or autonomic output [13–15] suggest potentially non-genomic effects in ...
... related to gastrointestinal and cardiovascular control [10–13], possibly via GABA receptor-dependent effects [13], but the cellular mechanisms underlying these responses are unknown. Rapid glucocorticoid actions on neuroendocrine or autonomic output [13–15] suggest potentially non-genomic effects in ...
Auditory Neurons in the Dorsal Cortex of the Inferior Colliculus
... My results reveal that ICd neurons exhibit various temporal firing patterns and long and variable first spike latencies. These neurons displayed a variety of frequency-tuning curves. Both monotonic and non-monotonic rate-level functions were present in these neurons. ICd neurons displayed stimulus-s ...
... My results reveal that ICd neurons exhibit various temporal firing patterns and long and variable first spike latencies. These neurons displayed a variety of frequency-tuning curves. Both monotonic and non-monotonic rate-level functions were present in these neurons. ICd neurons displayed stimulus-s ...
PRIMARY VISUAL CORTEX NEURONS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO
... et al., 1998; Angelucci and Bullier, 2003; Lorenceau, 2003; Chisum and Fitzpatrick, 2004). In fact, only a small portion of excitatory synapses (⬍5%) on V1 neurons is from lateral geniculate nucleus, the principal relay between the eye and the visual cortex (e.g. Peters and Payne, 1993). Consequentl ...
... et al., 1998; Angelucci and Bullier, 2003; Lorenceau, 2003; Chisum and Fitzpatrick, 2004). In fact, only a small portion of excitatory synapses (⬍5%) on V1 neurons is from lateral geniculate nucleus, the principal relay between the eye and the visual cortex (e.g. Peters and Payne, 1993). Consequentl ...
Smell, Taste, Texture, and Temperature
... does not depend primarily on the physicochemical structure of the odor. These findings demonstrate directly a coding principle in primate olfaction whereby the responses of some orbitofrontal cortex olfactory neurons are modified by and depend upon the taste with which the odor is associated.30-32 Thi ...
... does not depend primarily on the physicochemical structure of the odor. These findings demonstrate directly a coding principle in primate olfaction whereby the responses of some orbitofrontal cortex olfactory neurons are modified by and depend upon the taste with which the odor is associated.30-32 Thi ...
Text Clustering using Semantics
... Pedersen 1997]. These methods consider the document as a bag of words, and do not exploit the relations that may exist between the words. ...
... Pedersen 1997]. These methods consider the document as a bag of words, and do not exploit the relations that may exist between the words. ...
Normalization as a canonical neural computation
... field of neuron j. A number of variations of the normalization equation have been applied to model different systems: Different inputs Dk can be assigned different weights αjk in the normalization pool. These weights define a suppressive field. The suppressive field may differ across neurons (hence ...
... field of neuron j. A number of variations of the normalization equation have been applied to model different systems: Different inputs Dk can be assigned different weights αjk in the normalization pool. These weights define a suppressive field. The suppressive field may differ across neurons (hence ...
Neuronal mechanisms for the perception of ambiguous stimuli
... maximise the delivery of rewards. However, human observers are not immune from these lapses, particularly during the long periods of observation that are needed either to characterize some types of perceptual switch or to collect the slow haemodynamic responses in fMRI experiments. The main approach ...
... maximise the delivery of rewards. However, human observers are not immune from these lapses, particularly during the long periods of observation that are needed either to characterize some types of perceptual switch or to collect the slow haemodynamic responses in fMRI experiments. The main approach ...
Preview as PDF - Pearson Higher Education
... Two special types of glial cells, called oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells, generate a layer of fatty substances called myelin. Oligodendrocytes produce myelin for the neurons in the brain and spinal cord (the central nervous system); Schwann cells produce myelin for the neurons of the body (the pe ...
... Two special types of glial cells, called oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells, generate a layer of fatty substances called myelin. Oligodendrocytes produce myelin for the neurons in the brain and spinal cord (the central nervous system); Schwann cells produce myelin for the neurons of the body (the pe ...
The Mindful Brain - International Centre for Child Trauma Prevention
... position shown, from the facial areas. The vagus nerve, also shown, brings signals from the viscera: heart, lungs and stomach • Hypothalamus: contributes to the mapping of the body by registering the current state of the internal milieu (glucose, water, pH, ions, hormones) which it helps regulate • ...
... position shown, from the facial areas. The vagus nerve, also shown, brings signals from the viscera: heart, lungs and stomach • Hypothalamus: contributes to the mapping of the body by registering the current state of the internal milieu (glucose, water, pH, ions, hormones) which it helps regulate • ...
Otxl and Otx2 Define Layers and Regions in Developing Cerebral
... external granular layer (EGL). The EGL is derived from a migratory population of cells that leave the ventricular zone of the alar plates and move around the rhombic lip to cover the pial surface of the cerebellum (Miale and Sidman, 196 1; Altman and Bayer, 1978). Here cells proliferate, leave the c ...
... external granular layer (EGL). The EGL is derived from a migratory population of cells that leave the ventricular zone of the alar plates and move around the rhombic lip to cover the pial surface of the cerebellum (Miale and Sidman, 196 1; Altman and Bayer, 1978). Here cells proliferate, leave the c ...
Current Opinion in Neurobiology (2004)
... research using experimental manipulation of one structure while recording in the other [26,27]. This research shows that interactions between BLA and OFC play an important part in the development of expectancy coding, and reveals additional differences between BLA and OFC function in odor discri ...
... research using experimental manipulation of one structure while recording in the other [26,27]. This research shows that interactions between BLA and OFC play an important part in the development of expectancy coding, and reveals additional differences between BLA and OFC function in odor discri ...
Development of the adolescent brain
... thinking such that adolescents are more self-aware and self-reflective than prepubescent children. Adolescents develop a capacity to hold in mind more multidimensional concepts and are thus able to think in a more strategic manner. Empirical research on cognitive and neural development during pubert ...
... thinking such that adolescents are more self-aware and self-reflective than prepubescent children. Adolescents develop a capacity to hold in mind more multidimensional concepts and are thus able to think in a more strategic manner. Empirical research on cognitive and neural development during pubert ...
Chapter 11 PowerPoint Slides PDF - CM
... Fast axonal transport – requires motor proteins and consumes ATP; vesicles and membrane-bound organelles travel more quickly back toward (retrograde transport) or away from (anterograde transport) cell body at a maximum rate of 200 mm/day and ...
... Fast axonal transport – requires motor proteins and consumes ATP; vesicles and membrane-bound organelles travel more quickly back toward (retrograde transport) or away from (anterograde transport) cell body at a maximum rate of 200 mm/day and ...
Vertical Organization of r=Aminobutyric Acid
... oriented chains of silver grains linked the injection sites with the resulting labeled cell clusters. In all areas, the labeling of cells in the horizontal dimension, i.e., on each side of an injection, was insignificant. Electron microscopic examination of labeled neurons confirms that the neurons ...
... oriented chains of silver grains linked the injection sites with the resulting labeled cell clusters. In all areas, the labeling of cells in the horizontal dimension, i.e., on each side of an injection, was insignificant. Electron microscopic examination of labeled neurons confirms that the neurons ...
Synaptic gating
Synaptic gating is the ability of neural circuits to gate inputs by either suppressing or facilitating specific synaptic activity. Selective inhibition of certain synapses has been studied thoroughly (see Gate theory of pain), and recent studies have supported the existence of permissively gated synaptic transmission. In general, synaptic gating involves a mechanism of central control over neuronal output. It includes a sort of gatekeeper neuron, which has the ability to influence transmission of information to selected targets independently of the parts of the synapse upon which it exerts its action (see also neuromodulation).Bistable neurons have the ability to oscillate between a hyperpolarized (down state) and a depolarized (up state) resting membrane potential without firing an action potential. These neurons can thus be referred to as up/down neurons. According to one model, this ability is linked to the presence of NMDA and AMPA glutamate receptors. External stimulation of the NMDA receptors is responsible for moving the neuron from the down state to the up state, while the stimulation of AMPA receptors allows the neuron to reach and surpass the threshold potential. Neurons that have this bistable ability have the potential to be gated because outside gatekeeper neurons can modulate the membrane potential of the gated neuron by selectively shifting them from the up state to the down state. Such mechanisms have been observed in the nucleus accumbens, with gatekeepers originating in the cortex, thalamus and basal ganglia.