The effect of spinal cord injury on the neurochemical properties of
... pathological changes and dysfunction of below-level target organs, such as the bladder ...
... pathological changes and dysfunction of below-level target organs, such as the bladder ...
Corina Wirth and Hans
... Since the discovery of the “barrel” map in the rodent somatosensory cortex by Woolsey and Van der Loos (1970), the barrels were regarded as a manifestation of the cortical columns in layer 4 (L4). It turned out that this structure is a well-suited model for investigating sensory information processi ...
... Since the discovery of the “barrel” map in the rodent somatosensory cortex by Woolsey and Van der Loos (1970), the barrels were regarded as a manifestation of the cortical columns in layer 4 (L4). It turned out that this structure is a well-suited model for investigating sensory information processi ...
- Orange Coast College
... Forms most of the walls of the 3rd ventricle. Acts as relay center through which all sensory information (except olfactory) passes to the cerebrum. ...
... Forms most of the walls of the 3rd ventricle. Acts as relay center through which all sensory information (except olfactory) passes to the cerebrum. ...
Development of the Nervous System of Carinina ochracea
... thus obscuring the signals of the latter (Fig 1A). A similar problem with antibodies against βtubulin and tyronisated α-tubulin negate their use as an alternative. Although not doublestained with acetylated α-tubulin antibodies, antibodies against synapsin (SYNORF1) show signals largely congruent to ...
... thus obscuring the signals of the latter (Fig 1A). A similar problem with antibodies against βtubulin and tyronisated α-tubulin negate their use as an alternative. Although not doublestained with acetylated α-tubulin antibodies, antibodies against synapsin (SYNORF1) show signals largely congruent to ...
Preview Sample 1
... structure in facilitating neuronal communication. Include in your answer a discussion of the synapse and how it bridges interneuronal communication. ANS: ...
... structure in facilitating neuronal communication. Include in your answer a discussion of the synapse and how it bridges interneuronal communication. ANS: ...
Chapter 8 – Perceiving Motion
... o Answer: as the stimulus sweeps across the retina, it activates directionally selective neurons in the cortex that respond to orientated bars that are moving in a specific direction The response of single directionally selective neuron does not provide sufficient information to indicate the direc ...
... o Answer: as the stimulus sweeps across the retina, it activates directionally selective neurons in the cortex that respond to orientated bars that are moving in a specific direction The response of single directionally selective neuron does not provide sufficient information to indicate the direc ...
Nervous System I - Union County College
... • This is done in the form of electrical impulses. • An impulse arrives at the dendrite • When the impulse is strong enough, it depolarizes the membrane and the impulse is transmitted along the axon • When the impulse reaches the axon terminals, the information needs to be converted to another form ...
... • This is done in the form of electrical impulses. • An impulse arrives at the dendrite • When the impulse is strong enough, it depolarizes the membrane and the impulse is transmitted along the axon • When the impulse reaches the axon terminals, the information needs to be converted to another form ...
The Information Processing Mechanism of the Brain
... This combination of activities, this pattern, becomes something with an identity of its own (as in a specific memory, or a vision). It becomes a unit of information. It can later be made to re-emerge in the network, and so we have, in a network, a mechanism that can store and recall information. A p ...
... This combination of activities, this pattern, becomes something with an identity of its own (as in a specific memory, or a vision). It becomes a unit of information. It can later be made to re-emerge in the network, and so we have, in a network, a mechanism that can store and recall information. A p ...
PSYC 2301 Chapter 2
... recovered, it became clear he was having difficulty producing speech, even though he could understand what people were saying to him. It is very likely he had suffered damage to the left frontal lobe in a part of the brain referred to as: a. Wernicke’s area. b. Broca’s area. c. the visual field. d. ...
... recovered, it became clear he was having difficulty producing speech, even though he could understand what people were saying to him. It is very likely he had suffered damage to the left frontal lobe in a part of the brain referred to as: a. Wernicke’s area. b. Broca’s area. c. the visual field. d. ...
Musings on the Wanderer: What`s New in Our Understanding of
... lack of one or more requisite trophic factors from the target organ. In fact, a recent study demonstrated that the degeneration of DMNV neurons after vagal injury was significantly reduced by a bolus administration of fibroblast growth factor-1 (FGF)-1 or acidic FGF to the vagus nerve trunk immediat ...
... lack of one or more requisite trophic factors from the target organ. In fact, a recent study demonstrated that the degeneration of DMNV neurons after vagal injury was significantly reduced by a bolus administration of fibroblast growth factor-1 (FGF)-1 or acidic FGF to the vagus nerve trunk immediat ...
Lecture 2: The Spinal Cord
... Ⅰ. General features: 1. Three parts: midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata (from superior to inferior) 2. Position: spinal cord---diencephalon--cerebellum ...
... Ⅰ. General features: 1. Three parts: midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata (from superior to inferior) 2. Position: spinal cord---diencephalon--cerebellum ...
Neuronal Correlates of Sensorimotor Association in Stimulus
... readiness potential (i.e., a change in the evoked brain potential that develops over the motor cortex contralateral to the overt response), it was found that in trials in which the stimulus was flanked by incompatible noise, both responses were initially activated, with the incompatible response eve ...
... readiness potential (i.e., a change in the evoked brain potential that develops over the motor cortex contralateral to the overt response), it was found that in trials in which the stimulus was flanked by incompatible noise, both responses were initially activated, with the incompatible response eve ...
Figure 1 - Journal of Neuroscience
... Figure 1. A, A brain section stained for cytochrome oxidase from marmoset 12W. The ICC is present in this section, shown by the dark staining indicated by the arrow, but the BIN is not, and there are no tracks. B, Another brain section in the same animal located 2.35 mm anterior to the section in A. ...
... Figure 1. A, A brain section stained for cytochrome oxidase from marmoset 12W. The ICC is present in this section, shown by the dark staining indicated by the arrow, but the BIN is not, and there are no tracks. B, Another brain section in the same animal located 2.35 mm anterior to the section in A. ...
Stimulus-Dependent Synchronization of Neuronal Responses in the
... selectively and jointly the saliency of all responses that contain episodes of synchronous spiking because synchronous EPSPs summate optimally in target cell populations. If temporal synchronization is exploited by the nervous system to select constellations of responses for further joint processing ...
... selectively and jointly the saliency of all responses that contain episodes of synchronous spiking because synchronous EPSPs summate optimally in target cell populations. If temporal synchronization is exploited by the nervous system to select constellations of responses for further joint processing ...
Artificial Neural Networks-A Study
... neural network, working of neural networks, characteristics of ANN, its advantages, limitations and applications of ANN. There are various advantages of ANN over conventional approaches. Depending on the nature of the application and strength of the internal data patterns you can generally expect a ...
... neural network, working of neural networks, characteristics of ANN, its advantages, limitations and applications of ANN. There are various advantages of ANN over conventional approaches. Depending on the nature of the application and strength of the internal data patterns you can generally expect a ...
Circadian Plasticity of Mammalian Inhibitory Interneurons
... In vertebrates, the majority of interneurons are inhibitory and they mainly release GABA. However, GABA can also act as an excitatory neurotransmitter. During brain development, GABA is the main excitatory neurotransmitter acting by GABA A receptors and cooperating with glutamate [12–16]. The effect ...
... In vertebrates, the majority of interneurons are inhibitory and they mainly release GABA. However, GABA can also act as an excitatory neurotransmitter. During brain development, GABA is the main excitatory neurotransmitter acting by GABA A receptors and cooperating with glutamate [12–16]. The effect ...
Emergence of Sense-Making Behavior by the Stimulus Avoidance
... experiment. Because the shapes of the action potential of these two neural types differ, we classified the type of neuronal cell by using k-means clustering. For detecting and recording the spike of cultured neurons, we used the MEABench software developed by (Wagenaar et al. (2005)). All recordings ...
... experiment. Because the shapes of the action potential of these two neural types differ, we classified the type of neuronal cell by using k-means clustering. For detecting and recording the spike of cultured neurons, we used the MEABench software developed by (Wagenaar et al. (2005)). All recordings ...
α3β1 integrin modulates neuronal migration and placement during
... labeled actin is readily incorporated into the actin cytoskeleton, thus allowing in vivo time lapse recordings. Images were collected every 30 seconds for 10 minutes from the leading edges of transfected cells. The actin dynamics was significantly impaired in α3 integrin null cells (Fig. 5). The rat ...
... labeled actin is readily incorporated into the actin cytoskeleton, thus allowing in vivo time lapse recordings. Images were collected every 30 seconds for 10 minutes from the leading edges of transfected cells. The actin dynamics was significantly impaired in α3 integrin null cells (Fig. 5). The rat ...
Caffeine promotes glutamate and histamine release in the posterior
... Adenosine receptor A2A immunoreactivity is observed primarily at glutamatergic (asymmetric) synapses (17). Thus it is possible that caffeine acting through A2AR plays a prominent role in modulating glutamatergic input to various neurons (13, 17). Caffeine induces dopamine and glutamate release in th ...
... Adenosine receptor A2A immunoreactivity is observed primarily at glutamatergic (asymmetric) synapses (17). Thus it is possible that caffeine acting through A2AR plays a prominent role in modulating glutamatergic input to various neurons (13, 17). Caffeine induces dopamine and glutamate release in th ...
Control of breathing by interacting pontine and
... apneustic breathing in vagotomized rats. At the same time, apneustic breathing is not usually developed if the vagi remained intact and can be reversed by vagal stimulation, suggesting that NMDA receptors are not involved in the pulmonary (vagal) feedback mechanism. Feldman et al. (1976) recorded ce ...
... apneustic breathing in vagotomized rats. At the same time, apneustic breathing is not usually developed if the vagi remained intact and can be reversed by vagal stimulation, suggesting that NMDA receptors are not involved in the pulmonary (vagal) feedback mechanism. Feldman et al. (1976) recorded ce ...
A behavioral switch: cGMP and PKC signaling in olfactory neurons
... Despite strong innate preferences, chemosensory behaviors of C. elegans can be altered by adaptation, sensitization, and associative learning. A striking change in behavior is caused by starving animals in the presence of NaCl, which is normally an attractive taste. Starvation/salt pairing for as li ...
... Despite strong innate preferences, chemosensory behaviors of C. elegans can be altered by adaptation, sensitization, and associative learning. A striking change in behavior is caused by starving animals in the presence of NaCl, which is normally an attractive taste. Starvation/salt pairing for as li ...
A coincidence detector neural network model of selective attention
... modulated by top-down signals of semantic information. We propose that a correlation control mechanism that includes coincidence detector neurons determines the correlation between semantic goals (e.g., to locate an X or a Z) and the neural activity representing semantic information in processed sti ...
... modulated by top-down signals of semantic information. We propose that a correlation control mechanism that includes coincidence detector neurons determines the correlation between semantic goals (e.g., to locate an X or a Z) and the neural activity representing semantic information in processed sti ...
Molekuláris bionika és Infobionika Szakok tananyagának komplex
... PETER PAZMANY CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY Consortium members ...
... PETER PAZMANY CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY Consortium members ...
cortico-cortical feedback controls spatial summation in
... cortical areas, communicating via complex feedforward-feedback pathways. While feedforward pathways have been a focus of study, the role of the feedback pathway has remained poorly understood. Here we have developed a novel viral vector combination allowing for selective optogenetic inactivation of ...
... cortical areas, communicating via complex feedforward-feedback pathways. While feedforward pathways have been a focus of study, the role of the feedback pathway has remained poorly understood. Here we have developed a novel viral vector combination allowing for selective optogenetic inactivation of ...
Synaptic gating
Synaptic gating is the ability of neural circuits to gate inputs by either suppressing or facilitating specific synaptic activity. Selective inhibition of certain synapses has been studied thoroughly (see Gate theory of pain), and recent studies have supported the existence of permissively gated synaptic transmission. In general, synaptic gating involves a mechanism of central control over neuronal output. It includes a sort of gatekeeper neuron, which has the ability to influence transmission of information to selected targets independently of the parts of the synapse upon which it exerts its action (see also neuromodulation).Bistable neurons have the ability to oscillate between a hyperpolarized (down state) and a depolarized (up state) resting membrane potential without firing an action potential. These neurons can thus be referred to as up/down neurons. According to one model, this ability is linked to the presence of NMDA and AMPA glutamate receptors. External stimulation of the NMDA receptors is responsible for moving the neuron from the down state to the up state, while the stimulation of AMPA receptors allows the neuron to reach and surpass the threshold potential. Neurons that have this bistable ability have the potential to be gated because outside gatekeeper neurons can modulate the membrane potential of the gated neuron by selectively shifting them from the up state to the down state. Such mechanisms have been observed in the nucleus accumbens, with gatekeepers originating in the cortex, thalamus and basal ganglia.