![Low-Molecular-Weight Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase and Human](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/004214235_1-dc154d06b6ce89f83c15b55e1e56e14b-300x300.png)
Hitting the Target: Emerging Technologies in the Search for Kinase
... have been slow to develop. In vivo [γ-32P]ATP labeling of cells followed by separation of phosphoproteins by chromatography or twodimensional gel electrophoresis has limited value when used alone. In general, in vivo detection of substrate candidates for individual protein kinases requires an effect ...
... have been slow to develop. In vivo [γ-32P]ATP labeling of cells followed by separation of phosphoproteins by chromatography or twodimensional gel electrophoresis has limited value when used alone. In general, in vivo detection of substrate candidates for individual protein kinases requires an effect ...
ATP-binding-cassette (ABC) transport systems: Functional and
... homo- or heterodimers have also been reported [4^ 6]. The ATP-hydrolyzing domains are characterized by two short sequence motifs in their primary structure (`Walker' site A: GXXGXGKS/T, X can be varied; `Walker' site B: hhhhD, h stands for hydrophobic) that are supposed to constitute a nucleotide bi ...
... homo- or heterodimers have also been reported [4^ 6]. The ATP-hydrolyzing domains are characterized by two short sequence motifs in their primary structure (`Walker' site A: GXXGXGKS/T, X can be varied; `Walker' site B: hhhhD, h stands for hydrophobic) that are supposed to constitute a nucleotide bi ...
Defensin-like antifungal proteins secreted by filamentous fungi
... The primary amino acid sequences of the antifungal proteins show 14.2-91.4% identity, whereby P. nalgiovense antifungal protein (NAF) and PAF are 100% identical. With respect to the mature proteins of AFP, ANAFP and PAF show 25.4-43.6% identity to each other. In spite of that, they are very differen ...
... The primary amino acid sequences of the antifungal proteins show 14.2-91.4% identity, whereby P. nalgiovense antifungal protein (NAF) and PAF are 100% identical. With respect to the mature proteins of AFP, ANAFP and PAF show 25.4-43.6% identity to each other. In spite of that, they are very differen ...
DGL, active molecules carrier
... Chemical modification of DGL’s surface: conversion of a cationic surface into an anionic, neutral, hydrophilic or hydrophobic surface. ...
... Chemical modification of DGL’s surface: conversion of a cationic surface into an anionic, neutral, hydrophilic or hydrophobic surface. ...
Protein dynamics and proteolysis in plant vacuoles
... cleaved from the precursor and it enters the biosynthetic pathway (also called the secretion pathway). Large segments of the precursor correspond to the mature vacuolar protein. Precursors can contain more than one subunit of the mature protein (e.g. 2S and 11S storage proteins; Müntz, 1998) or eve ...
... cleaved from the precursor and it enters the biosynthetic pathway (also called the secretion pathway). Large segments of the precursor correspond to the mature vacuolar protein. Precursors can contain more than one subunit of the mature protein (e.g. 2S and 11S storage proteins; Müntz, 1998) or eve ...
Glycoblocks: a schematic three-dimensional
... Unlike proteins or nucleic acids, polysaccharides are frequently branched and in addition have two alternative configurations in their glycosidic linkages. While this imposes considerable restrictions on their three-dimensional conformations, it is precisely this nonlinear nature of glycans that pos ...
... Unlike proteins or nucleic acids, polysaccharides are frequently branched and in addition have two alternative configurations in their glycosidic linkages. While this imposes considerable restrictions on their three-dimensional conformations, it is precisely this nonlinear nature of glycans that pos ...
Cellular Disulfide Bond Formation in Bioactive Peptides and
... and eukaryotic PDI [77]. 3. Folding of Disulfide-Containing Bioactive Peptides and Proteins via Recombinant Technology Recombinant DNA-mediated polypeptide production remains a popular approach for obtaining properly folded disulfide-containing protein and peptides. Many reviews are available that a ...
... and eukaryotic PDI [77]. 3. Folding of Disulfide-Containing Bioactive Peptides and Proteins via Recombinant Technology Recombinant DNA-mediated polypeptide production remains a popular approach for obtaining properly folded disulfide-containing protein and peptides. Many reviews are available that a ...
Modification-specific proteomics: Strategies for characterization of
... While useful, chemical methods for introducing an affinity tag should be used with care (Table 2). Sample loss can be a problem as chemical derivatization reactions can be inefficient, and they often produce unwanted side products. Accordingly, a procedure involving multiple reactions is not desirab ...
... While useful, chemical methods for introducing an affinity tag should be used with care (Table 2). Sample loss can be a problem as chemical derivatization reactions can be inefficient, and they often produce unwanted side products. Accordingly, a procedure involving multiple reactions is not desirab ...
A Genomic Screen in Yeast Reveals Novel Aspects of
... stabilized and produces enough His3p for histidine biosynthesis (van Hoof et al. 2002). With this knowledge, and to expand our understanding of nonstop mRNA decay, a genetic screen utilizing a deletion collection of almost 5000 nonessential open reading frames in S. cerevisiae was used to identify a ...
... stabilized and produces enough His3p for histidine biosynthesis (van Hoof et al. 2002). With this knowledge, and to expand our understanding of nonstop mRNA decay, a genetic screen utilizing a deletion collection of almost 5000 nonessential open reading frames in S. cerevisiae was used to identify a ...
The Proteomics Big Challenge for Biomarkers and New Drug
... Functional proteomics has been widely applied to mapping signaling pathways in a number of pathologies and the vast literature published in the last ten years exceeds the scope of a single review. Therefore, only a few examples will be illustrated to describe some of the new paradigms in signaling n ...
... Functional proteomics has been widely applied to mapping signaling pathways in a number of pathologies and the vast literature published in the last ten years exceeds the scope of a single review. Therefore, only a few examples will be illustrated to describe some of the new paradigms in signaling n ...
The p101 subunit of PI3Kγ restores activation by Gβ mutants
... signals into the principle product PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 in order to control a plethora of fundamental cellular responses, including proliferation, differentiation, growth and chemotaxis [1–8]. On the basis of their structural features and modes of regulation, class I PI3Ks have been grouped into the clas ...
... signals into the principle product PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 in order to control a plethora of fundamental cellular responses, including proliferation, differentiation, growth and chemotaxis [1–8]. On the basis of their structural features and modes of regulation, class I PI3Ks have been grouped into the clas ...
Phosphorylation of Single Stranded RNA Virus Proteins and
... Phospho-acceptor motifs are conserved among DENV, WNV, and YFV NS5 proteins which are phosphorylated by cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-dependent Protein Kinase G (PKG) in vitro, specifically on Thr449. In vitro kinase reactions of NS5 with PKG were analyzed by mass spectrometry to determine t ...
... Phospho-acceptor motifs are conserved among DENV, WNV, and YFV NS5 proteins which are phosphorylated by cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-dependent Protein Kinase G (PKG) in vitro, specifically on Thr449. In vitro kinase reactions of NS5 with PKG were analyzed by mass spectrometry to determine t ...
Protein quality control and elimination of protein waste: The role of
... labeled protein [24,25]. More recently also other ubiquitin chain linkages and even monoubiquitination have been found to represent proteasomal degradation signals. Also ubiquitination on residues other than lysine of the protein (cysteine, serine, threonine) can serve as proteasomal degradation sig ...
... labeled protein [24,25]. More recently also other ubiquitin chain linkages and even monoubiquitination have been found to represent proteasomal degradation signals. Also ubiquitination on residues other than lysine of the protein (cysteine, serine, threonine) can serve as proteasomal degradation sig ...
Dynamics of protein noise can distinguish between alternate
... change provides information about unknown system parameters, such as Zm. We first consider a translational block to gene expression. Recall that, in this gene-expression model, protein production and degradation are modeled as differential equations. A translational block would result in a determinis ...
... change provides information about unknown system parameters, such as Zm. We first consider a translational block to gene expression. Recall that, in this gene-expression model, protein production and degradation are modeled as differential equations. A translational block would result in a determinis ...
Delivery of a Secreted Soluble Protein to the Vacuole via a
... not to have plant vacuolar targeting information. When yeast invertase is equipped with a plant signal peptide, catalytically active protein is secreted in the apoplast (von Schaewen et al., 1990; Dickinson et al., 1991). We chose the transmembrane domain of yeast calnexin because we assumed that th ...
... not to have plant vacuolar targeting information. When yeast invertase is equipped with a plant signal peptide, catalytically active protein is secreted in the apoplast (von Schaewen et al., 1990; Dickinson et al., 1991). We chose the transmembrane domain of yeast calnexin because we assumed that th ...
Lipids as hormones and second messengers
... Some lipids act as hormones to induce responses in target tissues whereas others influence the behavior of cell-surface receptors and/or serve as second messengers; i.e. they are formed as part of the cellular response to extracellular agonists, and directly affect protein kinases, ion channels and ...
... Some lipids act as hormones to induce responses in target tissues whereas others influence the behavior of cell-surface receptors and/or serve as second messengers; i.e. they are formed as part of the cellular response to extracellular agonists, and directly affect protein kinases, ion channels and ...
Molecular Docking
... Molecular docking predicts whether or not the two molecules interact, the binding affinity and the 3D structure of the complex Computational docking is an essential component in modern drug discovery. Over the last few decades, it has been routinely and successfully applied in most pharmaceutica ...
... Molecular docking predicts whether or not the two molecules interact, the binding affinity and the 3D structure of the complex Computational docking is an essential component in modern drug discovery. Over the last few decades, it has been routinely and successfully applied in most pharmaceutica ...
A Point Mutation in the Ethylene-Inducing Xylanase Elicitor Inhibits
... signal peptide (determined by homology to other xylanases) responsible for the secretion of the EIX protein from the cells into the growth medium. Additionally, the deduced amino acid sequence of Tvx and XynII from T. reesei are 80% identical, while there is only 50% identity with the XynI protein ( ...
... signal peptide (determined by homology to other xylanases) responsible for the secretion of the EIX protein from the cells into the growth medium. Additionally, the deduced amino acid sequence of Tvx and XynII from T. reesei are 80% identical, while there is only 50% identity with the XynI protein ( ...
Vicianin Hydrolase is a Novel Cyanogenic b
... a 70 kDa glycoprotein having high-mannose-type N-asparagine-linked oligosaccharides, and its cDNA has been isolated (Hughes et al. 1992). The cDNA of sorghum dhurrinase encodes a mature protein of 514 amino acid residues with a signal peptide of 51 amino acid residues (Cicek and Esen 1998). On the b ...
... a 70 kDa glycoprotein having high-mannose-type N-asparagine-linked oligosaccharides, and its cDNA has been isolated (Hughes et al. 1992). The cDNA of sorghum dhurrinase encodes a mature protein of 514 amino acid residues with a signal peptide of 51 amino acid residues (Cicek and Esen 1998). On the b ...
STRUCTURE AND ALLERGENICITY OF WHEAT GLUTEN PROTEINS
... Unfavourable effects of gliadin in humans occur only in persons sensitized to wheat proteins, genetically-susceptible ...
... Unfavourable effects of gliadin in humans occur only in persons sensitized to wheat proteins, genetically-susceptible ...
Protein (nutrient)
Proteins are essential nutrients for the human body. They are one of the building blocks of body tissue, and can also serve as a fuel source. As a fuel, proteins contain 4 kcal per gram, just like carbohydrates and unlike lipids, which contain 9 kcal per gram. The most important aspect and defining characteristic of protein from a nutritional standpoint is its amino acid composition.Proteins are polymer chains made of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds. During human digestion, proteins are broken down in the stomach to smaller polypeptide chains via hydrochloric acid and protease actions. This is crucial for the synthesis of the essential amino acids that cannot be biosynthesized by the body.There are nine essential amino acids which humans must obtain from their diet in order to prevent protein-energy malnutrition. They are phenylalanine, valine, threonine, tryptophan, methionine, leucine, isoleucine, lysine, and histidine. There are five dispensable amino acids which humans are able to synthesize in the body. These five are alanine, aspartic acid, asparagine, glutamic acid and serine. There are six conditionally essential amino acids whose synthesis can be limited under special pathophysiological conditions, such as prematurity in the infant or individuals in severe catabolic distress. These six are arginine, cysteine, glycine, glutamine, proline and tyrosine.Humans need the essential amino acids in certain ratios. Some protein sources contain amino acids in a more or less 'complete' sense. This has given rise to various ranking systems for protein sources, as described in the article.Animal sources of protein include meats, dairy products, fish and eggs. Vegan sources of protein include whole grains, pulses, legumes, soy, and nuts. Vegetarians and vegans can get enough essential amino acids by eating a variety of plant proteins. It is commonly believed that athletes should consume a higher-than-normal protein intake to maintain optimal physical performance.