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Electricity
Electricity

Lesson 8: Title: Resistance is not futile.
Lesson 8: Title: Resistance is not futile.

...  Electrons move at about 1.5 x 10^8 m/s – this is the instantaneous velocity (in random directions) – in between collisions with atoms.  The drift velocity is the speed that electrons actually move through a wire. This is about 7 E-4 m/s !! The time for an electron to traverse the one meter length ...
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Circular Motion HW-1
Circular Motion HW-1

Magnet facts
Magnet facts

Physics 2102 Spring 2002 Lecture 8
Physics 2102 Spring 2002 Lecture 8

... Magnetic Torque on a Current Loop Consider the rectangular loop in fig. a with sides of lengths a and b and that carries a current i. The loop is placed in a magnetic field so that the normal nˆ to the loop forms an angle  with B. The magnitude of the magnetic force on sides 1 and 3 is F1  F3  ia ...
Electromagnetic Induction
Electromagnetic Induction

... A segment of a closed loop of wire moves through a magnetic field. Note that the wire must be perpendicular to the magnetic field in order for current and emf to be induced. ...
Using Magnetism to Induce an Electric Current
Using Magnetism to Induce an Electric Current

... A segment of a closed loop of wire moves through a magnetic field. Note that the wire must be perpendicular to the magnetic field in order for current and emf to be induced. ...
Magnetic Field Lines
Magnetic Field Lines

Electric and Magnetic Forces Study Guide for Test 2014
Electric and Magnetic Forces Study Guide for Test 2014

... identify what the lines are called and explain why we need them identify where the force is strongest and explain how you showed it’s the strongest ...
sample proposal
sample proposal

... Not only will this study provide the much-needed experimental data for validation of current theoretical work, but it will also provide valuable information directly related to NASA’s upcoming Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) Mission, in which UNH will also be participating. Work on this project has ...
Magnetic Fields
Magnetic Fields

... your comparison. See Drawing #3. Incorporate a comparative sketch to support your statement. 2. How do the magnetic field lines of a bar magnet compare to the electric field lines of two like charges when the poles facing each other are the same? Make sure you are descriptive in your comparison. See ...
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`The Atoms Family` (A Great Electrical Resource Site) `Just for Kids

... Some motors run on direct current (DC). It is 'direct', because the electricity flows in only one direction. Alternating current (AC) flows back and forth 60 times per second ...
Poly  Stel 1 Bare Rod
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Demonstration of surface discharges (on DVD)
Demonstration of surface discharges (on DVD)

... behaviour using color TV ( 45 mins DVD). A magnet placed on a uniformly colored (eg. blue) TV-screen deviates the electron beam, and a characteristic picture is formed (Lorentz print). Using this effect the color TV-screen can be used to teach wide vaireties of magnetic properties. Beside the aestet ...
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M 0

... Images have high intensity in voxels with shorter T1 constants (faster relaxation/recovery = release of more energy) ...
The Earth`s Magnetic Field
The Earth`s Magnetic Field

Magnetic Field Lines
Magnetic Field Lines

... However, potential fields do not have electric currents that are necessary for plasma heating and impulsive energy releases, e.g. flares and coronal mass ejections (CME). Thus, this extrapolation provides us with a very approximate geometry of the field only. ...
Magnetism
Magnetism

... • Around 600 BCE (a really long time ago), the Greeks discovered an ore that could attract small iron objects. • They found this in a region called Magnesia (present day Turkey). ...
S - ESRF
S - ESRF

... Describe the minimal energy configuration of ground state of electrons in the unfilled shells: 1st rule: Maximization of total spin S consistent with Pauli’s exclusion principle because prevent the electron with the same spin to be in the same place reduces the Coulomb repulsion between electrons 2n ...
CHEM 251L: Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory Professor Jonathan
CHEM 251L: Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory Professor Jonathan

... Edward Mills Purcell3 expanded the technique to study liquids and solids, for which they were award the 1952 Nobel Prize for Physics. NMR Spectroscopy has become one of the most widely used spectroscopic techniques, seeing application from the investigation of organic molecules to the resolution of ...
1 CHEM 251L: Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory Professor Jonathan
1 CHEM 251L: Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory Professor Jonathan

... Edward Mills Purcell3 expanded the technique to study liquids and solids, for which they were award the 1952 Nobel Prize for Physics. NMR Spectroscopy has become one of the most widely used spectroscopic techniques, seeing application from the investigation of organic molecules to the resolution of ...
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... electric fields 17 Finding the number of charge carriers and drift velocity 18 Hall voltage in different materials 19 Circular motion of an electron beam ...
Phy 103: Chapter 22
Phy 103: Chapter 22

< 1 ... 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 ... 139 >

Giant magnetoresistance



Giant magnetoresistance (GMR) is a quantum mechanical magnetoresistance effect observed in thin-film structures composed of alternating ferromagnetic and non-magnetic conductive layers. The 2007 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to Albert Fert and Peter Grünberg for the discovery of GMR.The effect is observed as a significant change in the electrical resistance depending on whether the magnetization of adjacent ferromagnetic layers are in a parallel or an antiparallel alignment. The overall resistance is relatively low for parallel alignment and relatively high for antiparallel alignment. The magnetization direction can be controlled, for example, by applying an external magnetic field. The effect is based on the dependence of electron scattering on the spin orientation.The main application of GMR is magnetic field sensors, which are used to read data in hard disk drives, biosensors, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and other devices. GMR multilayer structures are also used in magnetoresistive random-access memory (MRAM) as cells that store one bit of information.In literature, the term giant magnetoresistance is sometimes confused with colossal magnetoresistance of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic semiconductors, which is not related to the multilayer structure.
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