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Understanding DC Motor Basics
Understanding DC Motor Basics

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... Very high  Common examples are pure iron, nickel Do not occur naturally on Earth. ...
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University of Minnesota - Materials Research Science and

the effect of a magnetic field on the her, the ph
the effect of a magnetic field on the her, the ph

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Lecture 12 - UConn Physics
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... • When a substance is placed in an external magnetic field Bo, the total magnetic field B is a combination of Bo and field due to magnetic moments (Magnetization; M): ...
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Template Title - University of Oklahoma Physics

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Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, NMR
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... field of the coil aligns these little magnets giving a larger field than that of the coil alone. We say that the nail becomes “magnetized”, but the effect is not permanent. ...
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Ørsted - The first Danish Satellite
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Giant magnetoresistance



Giant magnetoresistance (GMR) is a quantum mechanical magnetoresistance effect observed in thin-film structures composed of alternating ferromagnetic and non-magnetic conductive layers. The 2007 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to Albert Fert and Peter Grünberg for the discovery of GMR.The effect is observed as a significant change in the electrical resistance depending on whether the magnetization of adjacent ferromagnetic layers are in a parallel or an antiparallel alignment. The overall resistance is relatively low for parallel alignment and relatively high for antiparallel alignment. The magnetization direction can be controlled, for example, by applying an external magnetic field. The effect is based on the dependence of electron scattering on the spin orientation.The main application of GMR is magnetic field sensors, which are used to read data in hard disk drives, biosensors, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and other devices. GMR multilayer structures are also used in magnetoresistive random-access memory (MRAM) as cells that store one bit of information.In literature, the term giant magnetoresistance is sometimes confused with colossal magnetoresistance of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic semiconductors, which is not related to the multilayer structure.
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