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Ferro-fluid
Ferro-fluid

L 28 Electricity and Magnetism [5]
L 28 Electricity and Magnetism [5]

... field of the coil aligns these little magnets giving a larger field than that of the coil alone. We say that the nail becomes “magnetized”, but the effect is not permanent. ...
Electromagnets & magnetism
Electromagnets & magnetism

...  Magnetic field is only present when current is flowing  Strength of magnetic field is increased by adding more turns of the wire or by increasing the amount of current through the wire.  Magnetic properties can be controlled by changing the current. ...
Formula sheet C
Formula sheet C

Recitation Week 8
Recitation Week 8

... Note that I factored out g to mg in the denominator, because they give the weight of the bar (mg = 3.00 N), not the mass m. Obviously, you could get a number for m if you want, but keeping mg together allows us to avoid the trouble. Problem 27.73. A long wire carrying a 6.00 A current reverses direc ...
magnetic fields
magnetic fields

... Any magnet, no matter what its shape, has two ends called poles. A pole is the area of a magnet where the magnetic effect is strongest. One pole of a magnet points towards magnetic north of the earth and is labeled north. The other pole is labeled south. Although magnetic forces are strongest at the ...
Magnetic Anomalies Activity Name______ __
Magnetic Anomalies Activity Name______ __

... In the late 1950's, scientists mapped the present-day magnetic field generated by rocks on the floor of the Pacific Ocean. The volcanic rocks which make up the sea floor have magnetization because, as they cool, magnetic minerals within the rock align to the Earth's magnetic field. The intensity of ...
Magnetism, electromagnetic induction, alternate - Biofizika
Magnetism, electromagnetic induction, alternate - Biofizika

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File

... • By increasing its velocity, an electron will spend less time in the magnetic field, but the force that it will experience will be greater. ...
Electrical Resistance and Ohm`s Law
Electrical Resistance and Ohm`s Law

...  When electrons flow through different materials, the electrical resistance causes a loss of voltage  There is a difference in the amount of voltage (electric potential) that an electron has after it has flowed through the material  This is known as potential difference or voltage drop  e.g. Aft ...
Moving Charges and Magnetism Moving Charges Moving charges
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Moving Charges And Magnetism Moving Charges Moving charges

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Lecture 10 Faradays Law

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Homework

Mass extinctions-Superchrons draft June 2010
Mass extinctions-Superchrons draft June 2010

... is, it did NOT reverse, for extended periods of 35 to 50 million years each. These periods, called superchrons, each such quiet period terminating suddenly, perhaps episodically (e.g., near end of Cretaceous), marked by the otherwise frequent periodic reversals. The abrupt terminations of these supe ...
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MRI. Thermography. - med.muni

... the same direction or in the opposite direction to B. – Therefore they have only two possible energies (a higher and a lower energy state). – The angular frequency of rotation of this precession (i.e., number of revolutions per second) - is called the Larmor angular frequency w and is given by : w = ...
An introduction to magnetism in three parts
An introduction to magnetism in three parts

Ohm`s Law and Resistance
Ohm`s Law and Resistance

... would experience less resistance to its movement. If more pegs were added the ball might experience more resistance to its downhill motion. At the atomic level, currents are pictured as the flow of the outer electrons of atoms through the material. Resistance results from collisions of electrons wit ...
Practical Challenges in Delivering the Areal Density Performance
Practical Challenges in Delivering the Areal Density Performance

... longitudinal magnetic recording technology which has been in use for the last 40 years. The film structure consists typically of several Cr alloy underlayers, several layers of CoPt-based magnetic alloys which are now often separated by Ru layer in an AFC (antiferromagnetically coupled) configuratio ...
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Vertical component of the lithospheric magnetic field
Vertical component of the lithospheric magnetic field

Microscale Determination of Magnetic Susceptibility
Microscale Determination of Magnetic Susceptibility

Probing Coronal and Chromospheric Magnetic Fields with Radio
Probing Coronal and Chromospheric Magnetic Fields with Radio

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Giant magnetoresistance



Giant magnetoresistance (GMR) is a quantum mechanical magnetoresistance effect observed in thin-film structures composed of alternating ferromagnetic and non-magnetic conductive layers. The 2007 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to Albert Fert and Peter Grünberg for the discovery of GMR.The effect is observed as a significant change in the electrical resistance depending on whether the magnetization of adjacent ferromagnetic layers are in a parallel or an antiparallel alignment. The overall resistance is relatively low for parallel alignment and relatively high for antiparallel alignment. The magnetization direction can be controlled, for example, by applying an external magnetic field. The effect is based on the dependence of electron scattering on the spin orientation.The main application of GMR is magnetic field sensors, which are used to read data in hard disk drives, biosensors, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and other devices. GMR multilayer structures are also used in magnetoresistive random-access memory (MRAM) as cells that store one bit of information.In literature, the term giant magnetoresistance is sometimes confused with colossal magnetoresistance of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic semiconductors, which is not related to the multilayer structure.
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