chapter 4 psychopharmacology
... – In response to an action potential, the substance is released in sufficient quantities to produce an effect in the postsynaptic cell – We should be able to duplicate the action of a suspected neurotransmitter experimentally on a postsynaptic cell – Some mechanism exists that ends the interaction b ...
... – In response to an action potential, the substance is released in sufficient quantities to produce an effect in the postsynaptic cell – We should be able to duplicate the action of a suspected neurotransmitter experimentally on a postsynaptic cell – Some mechanism exists that ends the interaction b ...
General Sympathetic Responses
... One set of postganglionic neurons in the sympathetic division never develops axons. Instead, they form the adrenal medulla. ...
... One set of postganglionic neurons in the sympathetic division never develops axons. Instead, they form the adrenal medulla. ...
Chapter 14: The Autonomic Nervous System
... Neurotransmitters and Receptors (Table 15.2 & 15.4 & Fig 15.7) Cholinergic neurons – release acetylcholine all preganglionic neurons all parasympathetic postganglionic neurons sympathetic neurons that innervate most sweat glands, arrector pili muscle and blood vessels in skeletal muscle Cholinergic ...
... Neurotransmitters and Receptors (Table 15.2 & 15.4 & Fig 15.7) Cholinergic neurons – release acetylcholine all preganglionic neurons all parasympathetic postganglionic neurons sympathetic neurons that innervate most sweat glands, arrector pili muscle and blood vessels in skeletal muscle Cholinergic ...
Pharmacology II - 2-22
... • Which of the following would be effective to treat a narcoleptic that has a history of drug abuse? ...
... • Which of the following would be effective to treat a narcoleptic that has a history of drug abuse? ...
The Autonomic Nervous System
... diffuse and interact with these receptors, inhibiting acetylcholine release. • The effects of binding at α2 receptors are mediated by inhibition of adenylyl cyclase and a fall in the levels of intracellular c-AMP. • α 2 receptors are further divided into α 2A, α 2B, α 2C, and α 2D. ...
... diffuse and interact with these receptors, inhibiting acetylcholine release. • The effects of binding at α2 receptors are mediated by inhibition of adenylyl cyclase and a fall in the levels of intracellular c-AMP. • α 2 receptors are further divided into α 2A, α 2B, α 2C, and α 2D. ...
16ppt
... • Monotherapy or add-on therapy for depression • Clinical effects similar to psychostimulants with low abuse potential • Lacks side effects associated with SSRIs (sexual side effects, weight gain) • Side effects can include anxiety, restlessness, tremor, insomnia, seizures ...
... • Monotherapy or add-on therapy for depression • Clinical effects similar to psychostimulants with low abuse potential • Lacks side effects associated with SSRIs (sexual side effects, weight gain) • Side effects can include anxiety, restlessness, tremor, insomnia, seizures ...
Lecture:
... located on ALL postganglionic nerve cell bodies of ANS hormone-producing cells of adrenal medulla ...
... located on ALL postganglionic nerve cell bodies of ANS hormone-producing cells of adrenal medulla ...
Reward and Drug Addiction
... FIGURE 2 The cocaine dose–effect function shifts to the right following pretreatment with the dopamine (DA) D-1 receptor antagonists SCH23390 and SCH39166. (A) Effects of pretreatment with SCH23390 (0.01 mg/kg subcutaneous) on the dose–effect function of intravenously selfadministered cocaine (0.06 ...
... FIGURE 2 The cocaine dose–effect function shifts to the right following pretreatment with the dopamine (DA) D-1 receptor antagonists SCH23390 and SCH39166. (A) Effects of pretreatment with SCH23390 (0.01 mg/kg subcutaneous) on the dose–effect function of intravenously selfadministered cocaine (0.06 ...
Neurotransmitters v hormones
... Neurotransmitters: The body’s natural chemical messengers which transmit information from one neuron to another. The neurotransmitters are stored in the neurons terminal buttons. After crossing the synapse, the neurotransmitters fit into receptor sites on the post-synaptic membrane like a key in a l ...
... Neurotransmitters: The body’s natural chemical messengers which transmit information from one neuron to another. The neurotransmitters are stored in the neurons terminal buttons. After crossing the synapse, the neurotransmitters fit into receptor sites on the post-synaptic membrane like a key in a l ...
教案- Pharmacologic Management of Parkinsonism
... barrier and if given into the peripheral circulation has no therapeutic effect in parkinsonism. However, (–)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-L-alanine (levodopa), the immediate metabolic precursor of dopamine, does enter the brain (via an L-amino acid transporter, LAT), where it is decarboxylated to dopamin ...
... barrier and if given into the peripheral circulation has no therapeutic effect in parkinsonism. However, (–)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-L-alanine (levodopa), the immediate metabolic precursor of dopamine, does enter the brain (via an L-amino acid transporter, LAT), where it is decarboxylated to dopamin ...
Motor neurons
... • Influence hunger, sex, aggression, etc – Some are chemically identical to neurotransmitters (like norepinephrine) ...
... • Influence hunger, sex, aggression, etc – Some are chemically identical to neurotransmitters (like norepinephrine) ...
Study Guide
... dopamine will result in schizophreniaSchizophrenia A mental disorder characterized by abnormalities in the perception or expression of reality. and too little dopamine will result in Parkinson’s diseaseParkinson’s disease A degenerative disorder of the central nervous system.. ...
... dopamine will result in schizophreniaSchizophrenia A mental disorder characterized by abnormalities in the perception or expression of reality. and too little dopamine will result in Parkinson’s diseaseParkinson’s disease A degenerative disorder of the central nervous system.. ...
Hormones of the Adrenal Medulla
... through alpha and beta adrenoceptors, the cardiovascular actions of catecholamines can be blocked by treatment with alpha-blockers and beta-blockers. • Blocking either the alpha or beta adrenoceptor alone alters the response of the catecholamine because the other adrenoceptor will still bind to the ...
... through alpha and beta adrenoceptors, the cardiovascular actions of catecholamines can be blocked by treatment with alpha-blockers and beta-blockers. • Blocking either the alpha or beta adrenoceptor alone alters the response of the catecholamine because the other adrenoceptor will still bind to the ...
THE NERVOUS SYSTEM AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
... happens, the parasympathetic nervous system brings you back down Slows heart rate, stimulates digestion, contracts bladder Parasympathetic=parachute bringing you down ...
... happens, the parasympathetic nervous system brings you back down Slows heart rate, stimulates digestion, contracts bladder Parasympathetic=parachute bringing you down ...
Muscarinic AChR agonist
... Drugs targeting synthesis and release of NE and NA eg DBH inhibitors, reserpine - depletes stores Drugs targeting reuptake at synapse eg cocaine, ...
... Drugs targeting synthesis and release of NE and NA eg DBH inhibitors, reserpine - depletes stores Drugs targeting reuptake at synapse eg cocaine, ...
Possible Test Questions
... TCA’s and others. Common effects of H1 blockade include sedation and weight gain. - Alpha 1 Adrenergic Receptors – think catecholamines i.e. norepinephrine and epinephrine. Typically in psych drugs Alpha 1 receptors can be antagonized leading to the negative side effect of orthostatic hypotension. ...
... TCA’s and others. Common effects of H1 blockade include sedation and weight gain. - Alpha 1 Adrenergic Receptors – think catecholamines i.e. norepinephrine and epinephrine. Typically in psych drugs Alpha 1 receptors can be antagonized leading to the negative side effect of orthostatic hypotension. ...
A1985AUG6600001
... antipsychotic drugs block the receptors mediating dopamine and noradrenaline neurotransmission. This would explain their reserpine-like pharmacological profile. To account for the enhanced catecholamine turnover, we proposed that neurons can increase their physiological activity in response to recep ...
... antipsychotic drugs block the receptors mediating dopamine and noradrenaline neurotransmission. This would explain their reserpine-like pharmacological profile. To account for the enhanced catecholamine turnover, we proposed that neurons can increase their physiological activity in response to recep ...
Pharm 22, 23- Drugs for Affective Disorders Depression
... Locus ceruleus (LC) activates norepinephrine (NE) release stimulates the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system NE increases glutamate release Drugs with anxiolytic or antipanic effects inhibit LC firing and decrease noradrenergic activity GABA receptor The GABAA chloride ion chann ...
... Locus ceruleus (LC) activates norepinephrine (NE) release stimulates the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system NE increases glutamate release Drugs with anxiolytic or antipanic effects inhibit LC firing and decrease noradrenergic activity GABA receptor The GABAA chloride ion chann ...
drug_action_notes
... system, and so relax skeletal muscle. Myasthenia gravis (a weakening of the muscles in the face and throat caused by inactive nicotinic acetylcholine receptors) is treated by the drug neostigmine, which inhibits acetylcholinesterase, so increasing the amount of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular jun ...
... system, and so relax skeletal muscle. Myasthenia gravis (a weakening of the muscles in the face and throat caused by inactive nicotinic acetylcholine receptors) is treated by the drug neostigmine, which inhibits acetylcholinesterase, so increasing the amount of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular jun ...
Lecture 19
... Sometime propranolol given for treatment of migraine in small doses(why? Because migraine is dilation of cranial vessels in the brain so we need to constrict it by this mechanism of action) -we don't have pure agonist or pure antagonist*** -if we think that we can use these drug for hemorrhoid it ca ...
... Sometime propranolol given for treatment of migraine in small doses(why? Because migraine is dilation of cranial vessels in the brain so we need to constrict it by this mechanism of action) -we don't have pure agonist or pure antagonist*** -if we think that we can use these drug for hemorrhoid it ca ...
Neuroscience Exam
... 25. The primary effect of the myelin sheath is to a. Increase the velocity of conduction of the action potential along the axon b. Increase the velocity of conduction of the action potential across the synapse c. Facilitate the incoming stimulus signals at sensory receptors d. Reduce the amount of u ...
... 25. The primary effect of the myelin sheath is to a. Increase the velocity of conduction of the action potential along the axon b. Increase the velocity of conduction of the action potential across the synapse c. Facilitate the incoming stimulus signals at sensory receptors d. Reduce the amount of u ...
Noradrenergic Transmission
... Pseudoephedrine(stereoisomer of ephedrine) used orally for the relief of nasal congestion. Less potent than ephedrine in producing tachycardia, hypertension, C.N.S. stimulation. Used in the treatment of stress incontinence. ...
... Pseudoephedrine(stereoisomer of ephedrine) used orally for the relief of nasal congestion. Less potent than ephedrine in producing tachycardia, hypertension, C.N.S. stimulation. Used in the treatment of stress incontinence. ...
Adrenergic Agonists
... same transporter is involved in the reuptake of preformed norepinephrine. 2. Dopamine is hydroxylated to form norepinephrine by the enzyme, dopamine β-hydroxylase. ...
... same transporter is involved in the reuptake of preformed norepinephrine. 2. Dopamine is hydroxylated to form norepinephrine by the enzyme, dopamine β-hydroxylase. ...
Pharmacology Ch 10 132-142 Adrenergic Pharmacology
... primarily at sympathetic nerve endings and at chromaffin cells -epinephrine predominantly synthesized in chromaddin cells of adrenal medulla -sympathetic neurons produce norepinephrine as primary neurotransmitter -tyrosine is transported into neurons via an aromatic AA transporter that used Na gradi ...
... primarily at sympathetic nerve endings and at chromaffin cells -epinephrine predominantly synthesized in chromaddin cells of adrenal medulla -sympathetic neurons produce norepinephrine as primary neurotransmitter -tyrosine is transported into neurons via an aromatic AA transporter that used Na gradi ...
Yohimbine: Old Drug with New Interactions
... increases sympathetic outflow to these neurons. A hypertensive crisis is possible. This potential interaction is based primarily on theoretical considerations, but it appears likely that it would occur. Yohimbine may also interact in patients receiving other MAOIs, such as furazolidone or methylene ...
... increases sympathetic outflow to these neurons. A hypertensive crisis is possible. This potential interaction is based primarily on theoretical considerations, but it appears likely that it would occur. Yohimbine may also interact in patients receiving other MAOIs, such as furazolidone or methylene ...
Norepinephrine
Norepinephrine, also called noradrenaline, is an organic chemical in the catecholamine family that functions in the human brain and body as a hormone and neurotransmitter. Noradrenaline is the common name in the United Kingdom (BAN), while norepinephrine is the International Nonproprietary Name and typically used in the United States. Areas of the body that produce or are affected by norepinephrine are referred to everywhere as noradrenergic.Norepinephrine is synthesized and released by the central nervous system and also by a division of the autonomic nervous system called the sympathetic nervous system. In the brain, norepinephrine comes from several nuclei that are small in size but project to most other parts of the brain and exert powerful effects on their targets. The most important source of norepinephrine in the brain is the locus coeruleus, located in the pons. In the sympathetic nervous system norepinephrine is used as a neurotransmitter by sympathetic ganglia located near the spinal cord or in the abdomen, and is also released directly into the bloodstream by the adrenal glands. Regardless of how and where it is released, norepinephrine acts on target cells by binding to and activating noradrenergic receptors located on the cell surface.In the most basic terms, the function of norepinephrine is to mobilize the brain and body for action. Norepinephrine release is lowest during sleep, rises during wakefulness, and reaches much higher levels during situations of stress or danger, in what has been called the fight-or-flight response. In the brain norepinephrine increases arousal and alertness, promotes vigilance, enhances formation and retrieval of memory, and focuses attention; it also increases restlessness and anxiety. In the rest of the body, norepinephrine increases heart rate and blood pressure, triggers the release of glucose from energy stores, increases blood flow to skeletal muscle, reduces blood flow to the gastrointestinal system, and promotes voiding of the bladder and large intestines.A variety of medically important drugs work by altering the actions of norepinephrine systems. Norepinephrine itself is widely used as an injectable drug for the treatment of critically low blood pressure. Beta blockers, which counter some of the effects of norepinephrine, are frequently used to treat glaucoma, migraine, and a range of cardiovascular problems. Alpha blockers, which counter a different set of norepinephrine effects, are used to treat several cardiovascular and psychiatric conditions. Alpha-2 agonists often have a sedating effect, and are commonly used as anesthesia-enhancers in surgery, as well as in treatment of drug or alcohol dependence. Many important psychiatric drugs exert strong effects on norepinephrine systems in the brain, resulting in side-effects that may be helpful or harmful.