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cholinergic drugs
... distinctions of M1 and M2 (at least) existing. Muscarine is produced in trace amounts in the fly agaric mushroom. Other species of fungus produce greater amounts. Fly agaric also contains muscarinic antagonists (atropine) and GABA agonists (muscimol). Atropine used to be applied as an antidote to po ...
... distinctions of M1 and M2 (at least) existing. Muscarine is produced in trace amounts in the fly agaric mushroom. Other species of fungus produce greater amounts. Fly agaric also contains muscarinic antagonists (atropine) and GABA agonists (muscimol). Atropine used to be applied as an antidote to po ...
File
... SSRIs have little activity to block muscarinic, histamine H1, α-adrenergic receptors & relatively safe in over dose ...
... SSRIs have little activity to block muscarinic, histamine H1, α-adrenergic receptors & relatively safe in over dose ...
PROPALIN syrup
... bitches. Contrai-ndications: The use of Propalin is not appropriate for the treatment of behavioural causes of inappropriate urination. Do not administer to patients treated with non-selective monoamine oxidase inhibitors. In the course of field clinical trials loose stools liquid diarrhoea decrease ...
... bitches. Contrai-ndications: The use of Propalin is not appropriate for the treatment of behavioural causes of inappropriate urination. Do not administer to patients treated with non-selective monoamine oxidase inhibitors. In the course of field clinical trials loose stools liquid diarrhoea decrease ...
Biopsychology - cybersisman.com
... the nervous system is divided into two parts – the central nervous system refers to the brain and the spinal cord – the peripheral nervous system refers to the neural pathways going to and coming from the central nervous system; these are all the other nerves in the body not encased in bone sensory ...
... the nervous system is divided into two parts – the central nervous system refers to the brain and the spinal cord – the peripheral nervous system refers to the neural pathways going to and coming from the central nervous system; these are all the other nerves in the body not encased in bone sensory ...
Basic Pharmacology of the Alpha
... hypotension and reflex tachycardia. Blockade of α 2-presynaptic receptors in the heart leads to augmented release of NE from peripheral sympathetic nerves, which will stimulate β1 receptors in the heart leading to tachycardia and increased contractility of the heart. Nonselective (α 1 = α 2,) blocke ...
... hypotension and reflex tachycardia. Blockade of α 2-presynaptic receptors in the heart leads to augmented release of NE from peripheral sympathetic nerves, which will stimulate β1 receptors in the heart leading to tachycardia and increased contractility of the heart. Nonselective (α 1 = α 2,) blocke ...
The Nervous System
... The post innervates only a single organ Reflects function of discretely regulating processes such as digestion ...
... The post innervates only a single organ Reflects function of discretely regulating processes such as digestion ...
Autonomic Nervous System
... that release ACh are cholinergic fibers Neurons that release NE are adrenergic fibers ...
... that release ACh are cholinergic fibers Neurons that release NE are adrenergic fibers ...
ANS
... Can be either inhibitory or excitatory depending on the receptor subtype of the target organ Examples – slows cardiac muscle: inhibitory smooth muscle of digestive: excitatory ...
... Can be either inhibitory or excitatory depending on the receptor subtype of the target organ Examples – slows cardiac muscle: inhibitory smooth muscle of digestive: excitatory ...
File
... leaves the presynaptic neuron and goes into the synapse, it can then bind to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron. ...
... leaves the presynaptic neuron and goes into the synapse, it can then bind to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron. ...
DOPAMINE
... leaves the presynaptic neuron and goes into the synapse, it can then bind to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron. ...
... leaves the presynaptic neuron and goes into the synapse, it can then bind to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron. ...
Opioids
... They reduce pain by binding to receptor sites (mainly mureceptors) in the central and peripheral nervous system. After stimulation of receptors they mimic the effects of naturally occurring opiates that are apart of the body's own pain relief system. ...
... They reduce pain by binding to receptor sites (mainly mureceptors) in the central and peripheral nervous system. After stimulation of receptors they mimic the effects of naturally occurring opiates that are apart of the body's own pain relief system. ...
03. adrenergic drugs..
... norepinephrine Once NE reenters cytoplasm of neurons May taken up into vesicles & be sequestered for release by another action potential It may persist in a pool It may be oxidized by MAO enzyme Inactive NE metabolites = excreted in urine as vanillylmandelic acid, metanephrine ...
... norepinephrine Once NE reenters cytoplasm of neurons May taken up into vesicles & be sequestered for release by another action potential It may persist in a pool It may be oxidized by MAO enzyme Inactive NE metabolites = excreted in urine as vanillylmandelic acid, metanephrine ...
sheet#3 - DENTISTRY 2012
... Cardiac muscles mostly have Beta1 receptors Skeletal Muscles mostly have Beta2 receptors **Activated mainly when adrenaline is released under fight and flight situation (it increases heart rate (tachycardia), Cardiac output, sweating, pupil dilation, skeletal muscles need for energy so it increase ...
... Cardiac muscles mostly have Beta1 receptors Skeletal Muscles mostly have Beta2 receptors **Activated mainly when adrenaline is released under fight and flight situation (it increases heart rate (tachycardia), Cardiac output, sweating, pupil dilation, skeletal muscles need for energy so it increase ...
Lecture 14
... 5-HT1 group (CNS, blood vessels) (cAMP) 5-HT2 group (CNS, blood vessels) (IP3/DAG) 5-HT3 group (peripheral nervous system) 5-HT4 group (enteric nervous system) – Main functions: • Intestine: increases motility • Blood vessel: constriction (large vessels) dilation (arterioles) • Nerve ending: trigg ...
... 5-HT1 group (CNS, blood vessels) (cAMP) 5-HT2 group (CNS, blood vessels) (IP3/DAG) 5-HT3 group (peripheral nervous system) 5-HT4 group (enteric nervous system) – Main functions: • Intestine: increases motility • Blood vessel: constriction (large vessels) dilation (arterioles) • Nerve ending: trigg ...
Lecture 5
... pupils, __________________the autonomic nervous system Kappa: induces dysphoria (the opposite of euphoria) and mediates pain near the ________________________________________ Opiates/opioids affect the different receptors differently This is why some are better at blocking pain whereas others are be ...
... pupils, __________________the autonomic nervous system Kappa: induces dysphoria (the opposite of euphoria) and mediates pain near the ________________________________________ Opiates/opioids affect the different receptors differently This is why some are better at blocking pain whereas others are be ...
3 Lec 5 Autonomic Nervous System V10
... – If blood pressure rises, sympathetic fibers fire less than normal, causing less constriction (dilation) of vessels, which leads to decrease in blood pressure – Allows sympathetic system to shunt blood where needed ...
... – If blood pressure rises, sympathetic fibers fire less than normal, causing less constriction (dilation) of vessels, which leads to decrease in blood pressure – Allows sympathetic system to shunt blood where needed ...
Léčiva působící prostř. histaminu, serotoninu a dopaminu
... • Antagonists of H1 receptors alleviate symptoms of alergic reactions, can have antiemetic, sedative effects ...
... • Antagonists of H1 receptors alleviate symptoms of alergic reactions, can have antiemetic, sedative effects ...
Human Sexual Response A. Signs of arousal Divisions of the
... 2. generalized hormal changes during arousal a. epinephrine(E) and norepinephrine (NE) “sympathetic adrenal hormones” produced and secreted by adrenal glands norepinephrine Divisions of the Nervous System released as neurotransmitter I. CNS (central nervous system) from neurons in II. PNS (perip ...
... 2. generalized hormal changes during arousal a. epinephrine(E) and norepinephrine (NE) “sympathetic adrenal hormones” produced and secreted by adrenal glands norepinephrine Divisions of the Nervous System released as neurotransmitter I. CNS (central nervous system) from neurons in II. PNS (perip ...
Nervous System Division By Dr. Nand Lal Dhomeja
... Characteristics of the ANS A part of the PNS Actions are involuntary (not under conscious control) Regulated by centers in the hypothalamus and brain stem regions of the CNS The motor part is subdivided into the sympathetic division and the parasympathetic division Components of the ANS Autonomic s ...
... Characteristics of the ANS A part of the PNS Actions are involuntary (not under conscious control) Regulated by centers in the hypothalamus and brain stem regions of the CNS The motor part is subdivided into the sympathetic division and the parasympathetic division Components of the ANS Autonomic s ...
Brain Nutrition - Mountain-River Naturopathic Clinic
... recently, it was believed that when you lost brain cells, they were gone forever. It has recently been discovered that stem cells, capable of turning into new neurons, are present in many regions of the brain. Under suitable conditions, stem cells can become active and make new circuits in the worki ...
... recently, it was believed that when you lost brain cells, they were gone forever. It has recently been discovered that stem cells, capable of turning into new neurons, are present in many regions of the brain. Under suitable conditions, stem cells can become active and make new circuits in the worki ...
Chemical Messengers
... endorphins are kicking in." Athletes, in particular long distance runners, are said to experience a "runner's high" associated with endorphins. In fact, these labels are accurate, in the sense that endorphins play an important role in pain suppression, and as a result drugs that stimulate endorphins ...
... endorphins are kicking in." Athletes, in particular long distance runners, are said to experience a "runner's high" associated with endorphins. In fact, these labels are accurate, in the sense that endorphins play an important role in pain suppression, and as a result drugs that stimulate endorphins ...
NTs
... Golgi apparatus in cell body • Precursors, enzymes, and vesicles are transported from cell body down axon to terminal • At terminal, NTs are synthesized and packaged into vesicles • Filled vesicles dock onto proteins in terminal ...
... Golgi apparatus in cell body • Precursors, enzymes, and vesicles are transported from cell body down axon to terminal • At terminal, NTs are synthesized and packaged into vesicles • Filled vesicles dock onto proteins in terminal ...
Norepinephrine
Norepinephrine, also called noradrenaline, is an organic chemical in the catecholamine family that functions in the human brain and body as a hormone and neurotransmitter. Noradrenaline is the common name in the United Kingdom (BAN), while norepinephrine is the International Nonproprietary Name and typically used in the United States. Areas of the body that produce or are affected by norepinephrine are referred to everywhere as noradrenergic.Norepinephrine is synthesized and released by the central nervous system and also by a division of the autonomic nervous system called the sympathetic nervous system. In the brain, norepinephrine comes from several nuclei that are small in size but project to most other parts of the brain and exert powerful effects on their targets. The most important source of norepinephrine in the brain is the locus coeruleus, located in the pons. In the sympathetic nervous system norepinephrine is used as a neurotransmitter by sympathetic ganglia located near the spinal cord or in the abdomen, and is also released directly into the bloodstream by the adrenal glands. Regardless of how and where it is released, norepinephrine acts on target cells by binding to and activating noradrenergic receptors located on the cell surface.In the most basic terms, the function of norepinephrine is to mobilize the brain and body for action. Norepinephrine release is lowest during sleep, rises during wakefulness, and reaches much higher levels during situations of stress or danger, in what has been called the fight-or-flight response. In the brain norepinephrine increases arousal and alertness, promotes vigilance, enhances formation and retrieval of memory, and focuses attention; it also increases restlessness and anxiety. In the rest of the body, norepinephrine increases heart rate and blood pressure, triggers the release of glucose from energy stores, increases blood flow to skeletal muscle, reduces blood flow to the gastrointestinal system, and promotes voiding of the bladder and large intestines.A variety of medically important drugs work by altering the actions of norepinephrine systems. Norepinephrine itself is widely used as an injectable drug for the treatment of critically low blood pressure. Beta blockers, which counter some of the effects of norepinephrine, are frequently used to treat glaucoma, migraine, and a range of cardiovascular problems. Alpha blockers, which counter a different set of norepinephrine effects, are used to treat several cardiovascular and psychiatric conditions. Alpha-2 agonists often have a sedating effect, and are commonly used as anesthesia-enhancers in surgery, as well as in treatment of drug or alcohol dependence. Many important psychiatric drugs exert strong effects on norepinephrine systems in the brain, resulting in side-effects that may be helpful or harmful.