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Causes - Coweta County Schools

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Serotonin syndrome



Serotonin syndrome is a potential symptom of any number of life-threatening drug interactions which may follow therapeutic drug use, combination, overdose of particular drugs, or the recreational use of certain drugs. Serotonin syndrome is not an idiopathic drug reaction; it is a predictable consequence of excess serotonin on the CNS and/or peripheral nervous system. For this reason, some experts strongly prefer the terms serotonin toxicity or serotonin toxidrome which more accurately reflect that it is a form of poisoning. Other names include serotonin sickness, serotonin storm, serotonin poisoning, hyperserotonemia, or serotonergic syndrome.Excessive levels of serotonin produce a spectrum of specific symptoms including cognitive, autonomic, and somatic effects. Symptoms may range from barely perceptible to fatal. Numerous drugs and drug combinations have been reported to produce serotonin syndrome, though the exact mechanism is not well understood in many instances.Diagnosis includes observing symptoms and investigating patient history for causal factors (interacting drugs). The syndrome has a characteristic picture but can be mistaken for other illnesses in some people, particularly those with neuroleptic malignant syndrome. No laboratory tests can currently confirm the diagnosis. Hence it is diagnosed based on symptoms, disease course (that is, the progression of the disease) and the exclusion of other possible causes of the presenting symptoms.Treatment consists of discontinuing medications which may contribute and in moderate to severe cases administering a serotonin antagonist. An important adjunct treatment includes controlling agitation with benzodiazepine sedation. The high-profile case of Libby Zion, who is generally accepted to have died from serotonin syndrome, resulted in changes to graduate medical education in New York State.
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