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TOPICS FOR EXAMINATION II – Biology 1406
TOPICS FOR EXAMINATION II – Biology 1406

... WITH CLONAL SELECTION, AND WHAT ARE THEIR FUNCTIONS? What is humoral immunity, and which cells are responsible for it? What is cell mediated immunity, and which cells are responsible for it? Know the ABO system of human blood groups. Which donor/recipient combinations are compatible? Which donor/rec ...
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... Hering-Breur inflation reflex = prevents over inflation of lungs d) Expiration center stimulated when forceful exhalation needed e) Pons works with the medulla to produce normal breathing rhythm, both are located in brain stem. Pons helps with prolonged inhalations and exhalation f) Hypothalamus inf ...
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... • Blood: plasma (fluid portion) and formed elements (cells and cell fragments) – Leukocytes: white blood cells • During infections (esp. bacteria infection) number of leukocytes may increase or decrease detected by differential white blood cell count – Leukocytosis: increase in total number of white ...
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Type AB Blood

... causing a population increase for white blood cells. • Lymphocytes fight infection. • T-cells attack cells containing viruses. • B-cells produce antibodies. • The life cycle of a leucocyte is shorter than that of a erythrocyte, living from a few days to a few weeks. In the event of an infection whit ...
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... a. digestive, circulatory, and immune b. excretory, respiratory, and reproductive c. respiratory, excretory, and digestive d. respiratory, nervous, and endocrine Muscle cells in athletes often have more mitochondria than muscle cells in nonathletes. Based on this observation, it can be inferred that ...
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... ◦ We use atoms and rearrange them to make cells for “us”. ◦ (also specific nutrients that are used directly like vitamins, amino acids, minerals) ...
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... Carbs, proteins, and lipids are absorbed into the blood Liver, gallbladder, and pancreas secrete enzymes into it for chemical digestion Very long and lined with villi, “wrinkles” that increase surface area for more absorption ...
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... Ammonia is a chemical waste that the body produces when cells break down protein. The liver converts the ammonia to a less harmful substance called urea. The urea is carried to the kidneys, where it is mixed with water, and other salts to produce urine. The urine is transported to the bladder throug ...
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... 1. Ensure that arteries only link up with _____, not other arteries 2. Ensure capillary fusion only occurs with like cells (e.g. only arteries with arteries) ...
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... CO2 and O2 levels in the blood through a negative feedback system - when CO2 levels increase, the rate of breathing increases - usually ‘inspiration’ occurs 16 - 24 times/min EXTERNAL INFLUENCES ON BREATHING a) Air Quality - warm, moist air is necessary - dry air is hard on the mucous membranes = mo ...
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... 2. ____________________ - transports blood a. __________________ - carries blood AWAY from heart b. __________________ - carries blood TOWARDS heart c. __________________ - site of gas exchange (O2, CO2) 3. ________________ - organ that recycles red blood cells & storages blood 4. ________________ - ...
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... Excretion – Removal of nitrogenous waste. Nitrogenous waste: 1. Waste from the breakdown of Proteins, and other cellular functions. 2. Builds up in blood after being released from cells. 3. Is poisonous if it builds up in the body. 3 Types: a. Ammonia (NH3) – highly toxic – may be excreted by Fish. ...
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... Hormones are a chemically diverse lot. They can be steroids, polypeptide chains, or proteins. These compounds, when released into the bloodstream or other body fluids, travel throughout the body. Despite the fact that they come into contact with many cells, they act only on their target cells. Resea ...
Biology Keystone Exam Review Packet
Biology Keystone Exam Review Packet

... A) Sodium and potassium ions move by active transport, and glucose moves by osmosis. B) Sodium and potassium ions move by active transport, and glucose moves by facilitated diffusion. Due to the fact that they are highly charged molecules (and “hate” the nonpolar cell membrane and can’t pass through ...
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...  SIZE -; WBCs are larger than RBCs and their size range is 815um but may be upto 20 um.  NUMBER-; WBCs are much less in number than RBCs (1:600). The number of WBCs in a healthy person ranges from 5,000 to 10,000 per cubic milimeter of whole blood. A verage WBC count is 7,000 per cubic millimeter. ...
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... Even when you are at rest, a lot of activities are occurring inside your body. For example, your body is: sending messages, transporting nutrients and creating new cells. The cells in your body need a lot of energy to perform these activities. Where does this energy come from? Besides food, cells al ...
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Biology Keystone Exam Review Packet
Biology Keystone Exam Review Packet

... A) Sodium and potassium ions move by active transport, and glucose moves by osmosis. B) Sodium and potassium ions move by active transport, and glucose moves by facilitated diffusion. Due to the fact that they are highly charged molecules (and “hate” the nonpolar cell membrane and can’t pass through ...
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... balloon-like structures called _______________ fill with air. 5. _____________ from inhaled air diffuses from the __________into the ___________. ___________________ from the blood diffuses into the alveoli, which will be exhaled. This is the process of ____________________. 4.4 Explain how the nerv ...
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... 1. The ability to fight disease will increase due to antibodies received from the pathogen. 2. The ability to fight disease caused by the pathogen will increase due to antibody production. 3. The ability to produce antibodies will decrease after the vaccination. 4. The ability to resist most types o ...
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Human genetic resistance to malaria

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