PP Cellular Energy
... • Cellular respiration occurs in ALL living organisms (and indeed all living cells) at ALL times. It is essential for the continuation of ALL life. • Cellular respiration is a general term, which refers to the sequential break down of organic compounds by cells, in order to produce a form of energy ...
... • Cellular respiration occurs in ALL living organisms (and indeed all living cells) at ALL times. It is essential for the continuation of ALL life. • Cellular respiration is a general term, which refers to the sequential break down of organic compounds by cells, in order to produce a form of energy ...
Transcript Template
... several metabolic pathways. In the cytosol, acetyl-CoA can be used to synthesize fatty acids. Fatty acids are added to the glycerol backbone to complete triglyceride or fat synthesis. In the mitochondria, acetylCoA can participate in the citric acid cycle and generate energy in the form of ATP. Thia ...
... several metabolic pathways. In the cytosol, acetyl-CoA can be used to synthesize fatty acids. Fatty acids are added to the glycerol backbone to complete triglyceride or fat synthesis. In the mitochondria, acetylCoA can participate in the citric acid cycle and generate energy in the form of ATP. Thia ...
AP Biology
... Hint: review the concept check questions – these are great quick quiz questions! 1. Define the two catabolic pathways: a. Fermentation b. Cellular respiration 2. Use the following terms correctly in a sentence: redox reactions, oxidation, reduction, reducing agent and oxidizing agent. 3. Why is bein ...
... Hint: review the concept check questions – these are great quick quiz questions! 1. Define the two catabolic pathways: a. Fermentation b. Cellular respiration 2. Use the following terms correctly in a sentence: redox reactions, oxidation, reduction, reducing agent and oxidizing agent. 3. Why is bein ...
Organic Compounds
... bonds are the ones most often broken. This results in the release of stored energy. ...
... bonds are the ones most often broken. This results in the release of stored energy. ...
File - Mrs Jones A
... method of measuring, rotting/antibiotic effect of onion extract; replicates/mean; ref. control variable or example; ref. fungi/bacteria; AVP; e.g. reference to timescale AVP; e.g. second controlled variable ...
... method of measuring, rotting/antibiotic effect of onion extract; replicates/mean; ref. control variable or example; ref. fungi/bacteria; AVP; e.g. reference to timescale AVP; e.g. second controlled variable ...
University of - Biochemistry at the University of Maryland, College Park
... (a; 12 points) Listed below are three enzymes from the glycolysis pathway. For any two (your choice) of these enzymes, draw the complete structure (including all H atoms) of the reactants and products for the reaction catalyzed by that enzyme, and write the names of the reactants and products. You m ...
... (a; 12 points) Listed below are three enzymes from the glycolysis pathway. For any two (your choice) of these enzymes, draw the complete structure (including all H atoms) of the reactants and products for the reaction catalyzed by that enzyme, and write the names of the reactants and products. You m ...
Biomolecules are organic molecules built and used inside of cells
... ________________ – makes up plant cell walls ______________ – makes up arthropod exoskeletons ...
... ________________ – makes up plant cell walls ______________ – makes up arthropod exoskeletons ...
Chapter 9 - John A. Ferguson Senior High School
... • In redox reactions involving covalent (organic) compounds the electrons are not transferred to produce ions, but a change occurs in the way in which electron are shared in the covalent bonds (1) oxidation: epulled further away, (2) reduction: e- shared closer). ...
... • In redox reactions involving covalent (organic) compounds the electrons are not transferred to produce ions, but a change occurs in the way in which electron are shared in the covalent bonds (1) oxidation: epulled further away, (2) reduction: e- shared closer). ...
Biochemistry 304 2014 Student Edition Gluconeogenesis Lectures
... Lactate produced by active skeletal muscle and erythrocytes is an energy source for other organs. •Skeletal muscle during vigorous exercise produces pyruvate at a rate faster than oxidative metabolism via the citric acid cycle can use it. •Also NADH production is more rapid than its conversion to NA ...
... Lactate produced by active skeletal muscle and erythrocytes is an energy source for other organs. •Skeletal muscle during vigorous exercise produces pyruvate at a rate faster than oxidative metabolism via the citric acid cycle can use it. •Also NADH production is more rapid than its conversion to NA ...
Document
... facilitated diffusion. Specially in muscles, adipose tissues, heart etc b. It increases the utilization of glucose for energy. c. It increase glycogen storage in cells. d. It increases the conversion of glucose into fat to be stored in adipose tissues. e. So it is the only Hypoglycemic Agent of body ...
... facilitated diffusion. Specially in muscles, adipose tissues, heart etc b. It increases the utilization of glucose for energy. c. It increase glycogen storage in cells. d. It increases the conversion of glucose into fat to be stored in adipose tissues. e. So it is the only Hypoglycemic Agent of body ...
Spec for students digestion and metabolism
... Carbohydrases break down carbohydrates to simple sugars. Amylase is a carbohydrase which breaks down starch. Proteases break down proteins to amino acids. Lipases break down lipids (fats) to glycerol and fatty acids. The products of digestion are used to build new carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. ...
... Carbohydrases break down carbohydrates to simple sugars. Amylase is a carbohydrase which breaks down starch. Proteases break down proteins to amino acids. Lipases break down lipids (fats) to glycerol and fatty acids. The products of digestion are used to build new carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. ...
Integration of Metabolism
... a. What to study for the exam: i. Look for the major message on each slide ii. For example, learn which enzymes are allosterically regulated, what the small effector molecules are (ATP, glucose, etc.), enzymes involved in these pathways, effect of high and low glucose on various pathways iii. Won’t ...
... a. What to study for the exam: i. Look for the major message on each slide ii. For example, learn which enzymes are allosterically regulated, what the small effector molecules are (ATP, glucose, etc.), enzymes involved in these pathways, effect of high and low glucose on various pathways iii. Won’t ...
050907
... cleavage of phosphatidylinositol 4,5bisphosphate by hormone-sensitive phospholipase C, two products are formed. What are they? Solubility? ...
... cleavage of phosphatidylinositol 4,5bisphosphate by hormone-sensitive phospholipase C, two products are formed. What are they? Solubility? ...
Cellular Respiration - Esperanza High School
... Motive Force) through ATP Synthase to make ATP. • All NADH and FADH2 converted to ATP during this stage of cellular respiration. • Each NADH converts to 3 ATP. • Each FADH2 converts to 2 ATP (enters the ETC at a lower level than NADH). ...
... Motive Force) through ATP Synthase to make ATP. • All NADH and FADH2 converted to ATP during this stage of cellular respiration. • Each NADH converts to 3 ATP. • Each FADH2 converts to 2 ATP (enters the ETC at a lower level than NADH). ...
1 acetyl CoA - WordPress.com
... named after Hans Krebs who was largely responsible for elucidating its pathways in the 1930s. ...
... named after Hans Krebs who was largely responsible for elucidating its pathways in the 1930s. ...
Biology 393 Midterm Review
... The organs of the excretory system are the skin, the lungs, liver, and the kidneys There are three main tubes that enter or leave the kidney: renal artery(enter), renal vein(leave), and ureter(leave) ...
... The organs of the excretory system are the skin, the lungs, liver, and the kidneys There are three main tubes that enter or leave the kidney: renal artery(enter), renal vein(leave), and ureter(leave) ...
What Is ATP?
... • Caused by the osmotic flow into vacuole. • Healthy plant cells are turgid and plants rely on turgidity to maintain rigidity. ...
... • Caused by the osmotic flow into vacuole. • Healthy plant cells are turgid and plants rely on turgidity to maintain rigidity. ...
1 - WordPress.com
... (C) muscle glycogen (D) muscle protein （E）none of them 1-B. In the average (70-kg) man, adipose tissue contains 15 kg of fat (135,000 calories). Liver glycogen contains about 0.08 kg carbohydrate (320 calories), and muscle glycogen contains about 0.15 kg carbohydrate (600 calories). In addition, abo ...
... (C) muscle glycogen (D) muscle protein （E）none of them 1-B. In the average (70-kg) man, adipose tissue contains 15 kg of fat (135,000 calories). Liver glycogen contains about 0.08 kg carbohydrate (320 calories), and muscle glycogen contains about 0.15 kg carbohydrate (600 calories). In addition, abo ...
WEEK 11
... Galactose This aldose does not occur freely in nature. It is found in brain and nervous tissue as a component of compounds called cerebrosides. Galactose polymerizes to form agar-agar, which is found in seaweed and is used to solidify broth in microbiology. ...
... Galactose This aldose does not occur freely in nature. It is found in brain and nervous tissue as a component of compounds called cerebrosides. Galactose polymerizes to form agar-agar, which is found in seaweed and is used to solidify broth in microbiology. ...
Chapter 7 - Coenzymes
... There are other groups that contribute to the reactivity of enzymes beside amino acid residues. These groups are called cofactors - chemicals required by apoenzymes (inactive) to become holoenzymes (active). There are two types of cofactors: 1) essential ions - metal ions -inorganic 2) coenzymes - o ...
... There are other groups that contribute to the reactivity of enzymes beside amino acid residues. These groups are called cofactors - chemicals required by apoenzymes (inactive) to become holoenzymes (active). There are two types of cofactors: 1) essential ions - metal ions -inorganic 2) coenzymes - o ...
Modern Biology: Chapter 3
... • Certain ones’ overall structure stores energy – ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) – NADH (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) – NADPH (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) – FADH2 (Flavin adenine dinucleotide) ...
... • Certain ones’ overall structure stores energy – ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) – NADH (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) – NADPH (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) – FADH2 (Flavin adenine dinucleotide) ...
Chapter 6: Cellular Respiration
... – NADH is oxidized to NAD+ when pyruvate is reduced to lactate – In a sense, pyruvate is serving as an “electron sink,” a place to dispose of the electrons generated by oxidation reactions in glycolysis ...
... – NADH is oxidized to NAD+ when pyruvate is reduced to lactate – In a sense, pyruvate is serving as an “electron sink,” a place to dispose of the electrons generated by oxidation reactions in glycolysis ...
Chapter 6 Nutrition and Metabolism
... The utilization of nitrogen gas (N2) as a source of nitrogen is called nitrogen fixation and is a property of only certain prokaryotes. From the table below it can be seen that a variety of prokaryotes, both anaerobic and aerobic, fix nitrogen. There are some bacteria, called symbiotic,that fix nitr ...
... The utilization of nitrogen gas (N2) as a source of nitrogen is called nitrogen fixation and is a property of only certain prokaryotes. From the table below it can be seen that a variety of prokaryotes, both anaerobic and aerobic, fix nitrogen. There are some bacteria, called symbiotic,that fix nitr ...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).Glycolysis is a determined sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The intermediates provide entry points to glycolysis. For example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form fat.Glycolysis is an oxygen independent metabolic pathway, meaning that it does not use molecular oxygen (i.e. atmospheric oxygen) for any of its reactions. However the products of glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH + H+) are sometimes disposed of using atmospheric oxygen. When molecular oxygen is used in the disposal of the products of glycolysis the process is usually referred to as aerobic, whereas if the disposal uses no oxygen the process is said to be anaerobic. Thus, glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient metabolic pathways. Indeed, the reactions that constitute glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, occur metal-catalyzed under the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes. Glycolysis could thus have originated from chemical constraints of the prebiotic world.Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways. However, the discussion here will be limited to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.The entire glycolysis pathway can be separated into two phases: The Preparatory Phase – in which ATP is consumed and is hence also known as the investment phase The Pay Off Phase – in which ATP is produced.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑