Intro to and Thermodynamics In Metabolism:
... Know the energy production of the “high energy compounds”: ATP, PEP, 1,3-BPG and phosphocreatine. Understand the difference between substrate-level and oxidative phosphorylation. Don’t worry about the diagram showing where all of the Phosphate comes from and goes to. Know the terms that describe “fr ...
... Know the energy production of the “high energy compounds”: ATP, PEP, 1,3-BPG and phosphocreatine. Understand the difference between substrate-level and oxidative phosphorylation. Don’t worry about the diagram showing where all of the Phosphate comes from and goes to. Know the terms that describe “fr ...
Secondary Metabolism Part 1: Introduction, Fatty Acids and
... • Carbocation formed can be “quenched” several ways ...
... • Carbocation formed can be “quenched” several ways ...
Theory_2004
... Insulin is essential for glycogen synthesis in muscle, but not liver The concentration of glucose 6-phosphate can rise high enough in liver to stimulate glycogen synthase, but this does not happen in muscle A build up of glucose 6-phosphate inhibits further glucose trapping in muscle, but not liver ...
... Insulin is essential for glycogen synthesis in muscle, but not liver The concentration of glucose 6-phosphate can rise high enough in liver to stimulate glycogen synthase, but this does not happen in muscle A build up of glucose 6-phosphate inhibits further glucose trapping in muscle, but not liver ...
the cancer-metabolism link
... Cancer therapies have exploited rapid proliferation as a treatment option. These treatment options can result in unwanted and unacceptable side effects. Using Seahorse XF technology to focus on understanding cell metabolism, more selective therapeutic agents can be studied and explored, not only for ...
... Cancer therapies have exploited rapid proliferation as a treatment option. These treatment options can result in unwanted and unacceptable side effects. Using Seahorse XF technology to focus on understanding cell metabolism, more selective therapeutic agents can be studied and explored, not only for ...
The energy systems - TrackandFieldScience.com
... system breaks the food down into molecules the cells can use to produce the power it needs for its ATP recharging mechanisms. The recharging mechanisms are: • The phosphocreatine (PCr) mechanism. This is a super fast system. It uses the energy stored in creatine phosphate as its power source. The ce ...
... system breaks the food down into molecules the cells can use to produce the power it needs for its ATP recharging mechanisms. The recharging mechanisms are: • The phosphocreatine (PCr) mechanism. This is a super fast system. It uses the energy stored in creatine phosphate as its power source. The ce ...
Comparison With Photosynthesis
... g molecules from small molecules; requires an input of energy. • Catabolism: degradation or breakdown of large molecules to small molecules; this process often ...
... g molecules from small molecules; requires an input of energy. • Catabolism: degradation or breakdown of large molecules to small molecules; this process often ...
cellular-respiration 1
... 2) is a series of reactions that gives off CO2 and produces one ATP; 3) turns twice because two acetyl-CoA molecules enter the cycle per glucose molecule; 4) produces two immediate ATP molecules per glucose molecule. C. The electron transport chain: 1) is a series of carriers in the inner mitochondr ...
... 2) is a series of reactions that gives off CO2 and produces one ATP; 3) turns twice because two acetyl-CoA molecules enter the cycle per glucose molecule; 4) produces two immediate ATP molecules per glucose molecule. C. The electron transport chain: 1) is a series of carriers in the inner mitochondr ...
CHAPTER 9 CELLULAR RESPIRATION: HARVESTING CHEMICAL
... As they are passed along the chain, the energy carried by these electrons is transformed in the mitochondrion into a form that can be used to synthesize ATP via oxidative phosphorylation. ...
... As they are passed along the chain, the energy carried by these electrons is transformed in the mitochondrion into a form that can be used to synthesize ATP via oxidative phosphorylation. ...
CHAPTER 9 CELLULAR RESPIRATION: HARVESTING CHEMICAL
... As they are passed along the chain, the energy carried by these electrons is transformed in the mitochondrion into a form that can be used to synthesize ATP via oxidative phosphorylation. ...
... As they are passed along the chain, the energy carried by these electrons is transformed in the mitochondrion into a form that can be used to synthesize ATP via oxidative phosphorylation. ...
No Slide Title - Suffolk County Community College
... atoms are rearranged, or the substrate is broken into smaller parts, or the substrate is combined with another molecule 4. Product(s) is/are released from the active site. 5. The enzyme is unchanged and can catalyze a new reaction. ...
... atoms are rearranged, or the substrate is broken into smaller parts, or the substrate is combined with another molecule 4. Product(s) is/are released from the active site. 5. The enzyme is unchanged and can catalyze a new reaction. ...
Chem*4570 Applied Biochemistry Lecture 7 Overproduction of lysine
... The parent strain chosen is a moderate glutamate overproducer; however the glutamate is consumed internally by acting as N-donor in lysine synthesis. The α-ketoglutarate so produced can be converted into the aspartate needed to start the lysine pathway. Lysine overproducing strains are genetically d ...
... The parent strain chosen is a moderate glutamate overproducer; however the glutamate is consumed internally by acting as N-donor in lysine synthesis. The α-ketoglutarate so produced can be converted into the aspartate needed to start the lysine pathway. Lysine overproducing strains are genetically d ...
Cellular Respiration
... • In cells complex molecules (like carbohydrates and proteins) are broken into smaller molecules. – Like an engine uses chemical reactions to power a car. Cells break down food into energy. ...
... • In cells complex molecules (like carbohydrates and proteins) are broken into smaller molecules. – Like an engine uses chemical reactions to power a car. Cells break down food into energy. ...
the Citric Acid cycle
... o Mamals cannot synthesise glucose from fat. This is because mammals can obtain a two carbon unit from fat, which they can use to synthesise energy, but not the replenish the cycle. In the long term, this is what leads to death by starvation [since the brain needs some glucose to work (see later)]. ...
... o Mamals cannot synthesise glucose from fat. This is because mammals can obtain a two carbon unit from fat, which they can use to synthesise energy, but not the replenish the cycle. In the long term, this is what leads to death by starvation [since the brain needs some glucose to work (see later)]. ...
Chapter 8 Cellular Respiration 8.1 Cellular Respiration 1. Cellular
... consists of carriers that pass electrons successively from one to another. 2. NADH and FADH2 carry the electrons to the electron transport system. 3. Members of the Chain a. NADH gives up its electrons and becomes NAD+; the next carrier then gains electrons and is thereby reduced. b. At each sequent ...
... consists of carriers that pass electrons successively from one to another. 2. NADH and FADH2 carry the electrons to the electron transport system. 3. Members of the Chain a. NADH gives up its electrons and becomes NAD+; the next carrier then gains electrons and is thereby reduced. b. At each sequent ...
Chapter 8 Cellular Respiration Dr. Harold Kay Njemanze 8.1
... consists of carriers that pass electrons successively from one to another. 2. NADH and FADH2 carry the electrons to the electron transport system. 3. Members of the Chain a. NADH gives up its electrons and becomes NAD+; the next carrier then gains electrons and is thereby reduced. b. At each sequent ...
... consists of carriers that pass electrons successively from one to another. 2. NADH and FADH2 carry the electrons to the electron transport system. 3. Members of the Chain a. NADH gives up its electrons and becomes NAD+; the next carrier then gains electrons and is thereby reduced. b. At each sequent ...
I ADDED TISSUES JUST IN CASE!!! APHY 101, Lecture 4
... Joins nucleotides together Joins amino acids together = peptide bonds 2. Catabolism (cut) a. Reverse of anabolism b. Large molecules are broken down into smaller molecules c. Hydrolysis reaction – requires H2O to break molecules Breaks down polysaccharides into monosaccharides & disaccharides ...
... Joins nucleotides together Joins amino acids together = peptide bonds 2. Catabolism (cut) a. Reverse of anabolism b. Large molecules are broken down into smaller molecules c. Hydrolysis reaction – requires H2O to break molecules Breaks down polysaccharides into monosaccharides & disaccharides ...
chapter 9 cellular respiration: harvesting chemical
... with the compound oxaloacetate, forming citrate. The next seven steps decompose the citrate back to oxaloacetate. It is the regeneration of oxaloacetate that makes this process a cycle. Three CO2 molecules are released, including the one released during the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA. ...
... with the compound oxaloacetate, forming citrate. The next seven steps decompose the citrate back to oxaloacetate. It is the regeneration of oxaloacetate that makes this process a cycle. Three CO2 molecules are released, including the one released during the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA. ...
File
... method of measuring, rotting/antibiotic effect of onion extract; replicates/mean; ref. control variable or example; ref. fungi/bacteria; AVP; e.g. reference to timescale AVP; e.g. second controlled variable ...
... method of measuring, rotting/antibiotic effect of onion extract; replicates/mean; ref. control variable or example; ref. fungi/bacteria; AVP; e.g. reference to timescale AVP; e.g. second controlled variable ...
Metabolism of exercise
... muscles draw on their internal stores of high-energy phosphates: ATP and creatine phosphate (CP). When the effort is maximal these stores are probably depleted in 3-5 seconds, but they suffice for any single jump or throw on the athletic field, for diving saves and kicks for touch and so on. This is ...
... muscles draw on their internal stores of high-energy phosphates: ATP and creatine phosphate (CP). When the effort is maximal these stores are probably depleted in 3-5 seconds, but they suffice for any single jump or throw on the athletic field, for diving saves and kicks for touch and so on. This is ...
Principles of BIOCHEMISTRY - Illinois State University
... metabolic fuels: carbohydrates, amino acids and fatty acids • Products of digestion pass immediately to the liver for metabolism or redistribution • The liver regulates distribution of dietary fuels and supplies fuel from its own reserves ...
... metabolic fuels: carbohydrates, amino acids and fatty acids • Products of digestion pass immediately to the liver for metabolism or redistribution • The liver regulates distribution of dietary fuels and supplies fuel from its own reserves ...
Work and Energy in Muscles
... If we look at key enzymes in these muscle types we can easily understand why these differences in function are found. In the first figure we see enzyme values in "normal" muscles. Two key enzymes from anaerobic metabolism, hexokinase and phosphofructokinase and two from aerobic mitochondrial metabol ...
... If we look at key enzymes in these muscle types we can easily understand why these differences in function are found. In the first figure we see enzyme values in "normal" muscles. Two key enzymes from anaerobic metabolism, hexokinase and phosphofructokinase and two from aerobic mitochondrial metabol ...
4 – 2 Chemical Compounds in Living Things
... o Ex: glucose, fructose, galactose o All have the formula C6H12O6; different in the arrangement of atoms; called isomers Disaccharide - 2 sugar molecules bonded together o Ex: sucrose (table sugar – glucose & fructose bonded together) Polysaccharide – many sugar molecules hooked together in a ch ...
... o Ex: glucose, fructose, galactose o All have the formula C6H12O6; different in the arrangement of atoms; called isomers Disaccharide - 2 sugar molecules bonded together o Ex: sucrose (table sugar – glucose & fructose bonded together) Polysaccharide – many sugar molecules hooked together in a ch ...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).Glycolysis is a determined sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The intermediates provide entry points to glycolysis. For example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form fat.Glycolysis is an oxygen independent metabolic pathway, meaning that it does not use molecular oxygen (i.e. atmospheric oxygen) for any of its reactions. However the products of glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH + H+) are sometimes disposed of using atmospheric oxygen. When molecular oxygen is used in the disposal of the products of glycolysis the process is usually referred to as aerobic, whereas if the disposal uses no oxygen the process is said to be anaerobic. Thus, glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient metabolic pathways. Indeed, the reactions that constitute glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, occur metal-catalyzed under the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes. Glycolysis could thus have originated from chemical constraints of the prebiotic world.Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways. However, the discussion here will be limited to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.The entire glycolysis pathway can be separated into two phases: The Preparatory Phase – in which ATP is consumed and is hence also known as the investment phase The Pay Off Phase – in which ATP is produced.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑