Nerve activates contraction
... Cellular Metabolism “All the chemical reactions necessary to maintain life” Anabolism: a constructive process during which larger molecules are built from ...
... Cellular Metabolism “All the chemical reactions necessary to maintain life” Anabolism: a constructive process during which larger molecules are built from ...
Metabolism Review - Local.brookings.k12.sd.us
... Essential knowledge 2.A.1: b.1. Order is maintained by coupling cellular processes that increase entropy (and so have negative changes in free energy) with those that decrease entropy (and so have positive changes in free energy). Essential knowledge 2.A.1: b 3. Energetically favorable exergonic rea ...
... Essential knowledge 2.A.1: b.1. Order is maintained by coupling cellular processes that increase entropy (and so have negative changes in free energy) with those that decrease entropy (and so have positive changes in free energy). Essential knowledge 2.A.1: b 3. Energetically favorable exergonic rea ...
Document
... • Glycolysis • Process also produces 2 ATPs • In yeast, plant cells: • Pyruvate can undergo alcoholic fermentation • In bacteria, animal cells: • Pyruvate can produce lactic acid ...
... • Glycolysis • Process also produces 2 ATPs • In yeast, plant cells: • Pyruvate can undergo alcoholic fermentation • In bacteria, animal cells: • Pyruvate can produce lactic acid ...
Advanced Macropod Course 2016 1
... Tooth Problems • Broken teeth. It is recommended that loose or severely broken teeth are removed because of the risk of infection at a later date eg after ...
... Tooth Problems • Broken teeth. It is recommended that loose or severely broken teeth are removed because of the risk of infection at a later date eg after ...
unit 1: introduction to biology
... GAPDH enzyme activity is inhibited by SH-modifying reagents, e.g. alkylating molecules and iodoacetate, as well as bacterial toxins, such as pertussis toxin, which causes GAPDH modification through a biochemical reaction called ADP ribosylation 7. The enzyme phosphoglycerate kinase transfers the hig ...
... GAPDH enzyme activity is inhibited by SH-modifying reagents, e.g. alkylating molecules and iodoacetate, as well as bacterial toxins, such as pertussis toxin, which causes GAPDH modification through a biochemical reaction called ADP ribosylation 7. The enzyme phosphoglycerate kinase transfers the hig ...
Choose the response which best completes each of the following
... the(1.) Golgi apparatus (2.) centriole (3.) nucleus (4.) endoplasmic reticulum (5.) mitochondrion 11. A student examining a cell under the microscope noticed the formation of a cell plate in the midline of the cell and the formation of nuclei at the poles of the cell. The cell under examination was ...
... the(1.) Golgi apparatus (2.) centriole (3.) nucleus (4.) endoplasmic reticulum (5.) mitochondrion 11. A student examining a cell under the microscope noticed the formation of a cell plate in the midline of the cell and the formation of nuclei at the poles of the cell. The cell under examination was ...
syllabusbioch205 - OSU Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
... 6. To learn the energetic relationships. 7. To learn the chemical principles of metabolism and biochemical conversions. 8. To learn the enzymes and coenzymes involved in metabolism and how they participate in the reactions. 9. To learn how metabolic signals are sent, received, interpreted, and answe ...
... 6. To learn the energetic relationships. 7. To learn the chemical principles of metabolism and biochemical conversions. 8. To learn the enzymes and coenzymes involved in metabolism and how they participate in the reactions. 9. To learn how metabolic signals are sent, received, interpreted, and answe ...
Carbohydrates & Begin Lipids
... 2. Too much cholesterol in our diets causes deposits of fatty acids (called plaques) to build up in in our blood vessels. 3. This condition is known as atherosclerosis. 4. When blood vessels become blocked we can suffer from: A. Stroke (blockage in the brain) B. Heart attack (blockage to arteries in ...
... 2. Too much cholesterol in our diets causes deposits of fatty acids (called plaques) to build up in in our blood vessels. 3. This condition is known as atherosclerosis. 4. When blood vessels become blocked we can suffer from: A. Stroke (blockage in the brain) B. Heart attack (blockage to arteries in ...
Quiz 2 Review Sheet
... 36. Why use ATP? Why not just use glucose or amino acids or triglycerides or sucrose or fatty acids directly as a source of energy? 37. How efficient is the production of ATP from glucose? What law of thermodynamics does this observation support? Explain. 38. Which yields more ATP, glucose or trigly ...
... 36. Why use ATP? Why not just use glucose or amino acids or triglycerides or sucrose or fatty acids directly as a source of energy? 37. How efficient is the production of ATP from glucose? What law of thermodynamics does this observation support? Explain. 38. Which yields more ATP, glucose or trigly ...
H + - WordPress.com
... the intermembrane space. The cristae also contain an ATP synthase complex through which hydrogen ions flow down their gradient from the intermembrane space into the matrix. The flow of three H+ through an ATP synthase complex causes a conformational change, which causes the ATP synthase to synthesiz ...
... the intermembrane space. The cristae also contain an ATP synthase complex through which hydrogen ions flow down their gradient from the intermembrane space into the matrix. The flow of three H+ through an ATP synthase complex causes a conformational change, which causes the ATP synthase to synthesiz ...
ANSWERS - Unit 1 Review File
... 34. The linear sequence of amino acids found in an enzyme is called its: a) tertiary structure b) primary structure c) secondary structure d) quaternary structure 35. Proteins may denature when: a)pH is changed b) oxygen is present c) they form enzymes d) substrate concentration is increased 36. Whe ...
... 34. The linear sequence of amino acids found in an enzyme is called its: a) tertiary structure b) primary structure c) secondary structure d) quaternary structure 35. Proteins may denature when: a)pH is changed b) oxygen is present c) they form enzymes d) substrate concentration is increased 36. Whe ...
Carbohydrates
... • ex. sucrose (glucose- fructose), maltose (glucose- glucose), lactose (glucosegalactose) • Sucrose is table sugar • Lactose is milk sugar ...
... • ex. sucrose (glucose- fructose), maltose (glucose- glucose), lactose (glucosegalactose) • Sucrose is table sugar • Lactose is milk sugar ...
other nitrogen-containing compounds
... autonomic nervous system. • Norepinephrine and epinephrine are also synthesized in the adrenal medulla. • Functions: Outside the nervous system, norepinephrine and its methylated derivative, epinephrine act as regulators of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. • Norepinephrine and epinephrine are rele ...
... autonomic nervous system. • Norepinephrine and epinephrine are also synthesized in the adrenal medulla. • Functions: Outside the nervous system, norepinephrine and its methylated derivative, epinephrine act as regulators of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. • Norepinephrine and epinephrine are rele ...
Unit 2 Review 161
... water and ATP molecules have been produced. 2. In metabolic pathways, most oxidations involve the coenzyme NAD+ the molecule accepts two electrons but only one hydrogen ion: NAD+ + 2e + H+ = NADH C. Electron Transport Chain 1. Both photosynthesis and respiration use an electron transport chain cons ...
... water and ATP molecules have been produced. 2. In metabolic pathways, most oxidations involve the coenzyme NAD+ the molecule accepts two electrons but only one hydrogen ion: NAD+ + 2e + H+ = NADH C. Electron Transport Chain 1. Both photosynthesis and respiration use an electron transport chain cons ...
The b-oxidation pathway as an energy source
... from anaerobic bacteria which were phagocytosed by eukaryote cells at the time oxygen appeared on earth, Similarities between mitochondria and bacteria include the presence of: • cardiolipin •transporters • ribosomes • circular RNA and DNA Therefore mitochondria protein synthesis should be inhibited ...
... from anaerobic bacteria which were phagocytosed by eukaryote cells at the time oxygen appeared on earth, Similarities between mitochondria and bacteria include the presence of: • cardiolipin •transporters • ribosomes • circular RNA and DNA Therefore mitochondria protein synthesis should be inhibited ...
Lecture Suggestions and Guidelines
... Answer: a) Monosaccharides: glucose-blood sugar; galactose and fructoseconverted to glucose; ribose and deoxyribose-integral structures of nucleic acids; b) Disaccharides: sucrose-cane sugar, which is a combination of glucose and fructose; lactose-milk sugar, which is a combination of glucose and ga ...
... Answer: a) Monosaccharides: glucose-blood sugar; galactose and fructoseconverted to glucose; ribose and deoxyribose-integral structures of nucleic acids; b) Disaccharides: sucrose-cane sugar, which is a combination of glucose and fructose; lactose-milk sugar, which is a combination of glucose and ga ...
Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency
... Both of these conditions are directly related to the inability of specific cell types to regenerate reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH); this reaction is normally catalyzed by the G6PD enzyme. ...
... Both of these conditions are directly related to the inability of specific cell types to regenerate reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH); this reaction is normally catalyzed by the G6PD enzyme. ...
4 Dr. M. Alzaharna 2016 Dr. M. Alzaharna 2016 II. REACTIONS OF
... fumarase (fumarate hydratas e ), and malate is oxidized to oxaloacetate by malate dehydrogenase , producing NADH. Three NADH, one FADH2, and one GTP (whose terminal phosphate can be transferred to ADP by nucleoside diphosphate kinase, producing ATP) are produced by one round of the TCA cycle. The ge ...
... fumarase (fumarate hydratas e ), and malate is oxidized to oxaloacetate by malate dehydrogenase , producing NADH. Three NADH, one FADH2, and one GTP (whose terminal phosphate can be transferred to ADP by nucleoside diphosphate kinase, producing ATP) are produced by one round of the TCA cycle. The ge ...
MICROBIAL PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
... substrate with high phosphoryl - transfer potential. A second ATP is also produced by the same process. The phosphate group in 3- phosphoglycerate gets rearranged resulting in the formation of 2- phosphoglycerate. In the next reaction, 2-phosphoglycerate gets dehydrated and the compound PEP is forme ...
... substrate with high phosphoryl - transfer potential. A second ATP is also produced by the same process. The phosphate group in 3- phosphoglycerate gets rearranged resulting in the formation of 2- phosphoglycerate. In the next reaction, 2-phosphoglycerate gets dehydrated and the compound PEP is forme ...
GLOBE® 55 HM Corn Syrup/Glucose Solids 019530
... Labeling Corn Syrup Solids or Dried Corn Syrup or Glucose Syrup Solids or Dried Glucose Syrup ...
... Labeling Corn Syrup Solids or Dried Corn Syrup or Glucose Syrup Solids or Dried Glucose Syrup ...
Anaerobic respiration - Pukekohe High School
... These smaller food particles now have a large surface area available for enzymes to work on. 2. chemical digestion – these smaller food particles are broken down into even smaller particles by substances called enzymes. Enzymes are biological catalysts. This simply means that they are substances tha ...
... These smaller food particles now have a large surface area available for enzymes to work on. 2. chemical digestion – these smaller food particles are broken down into even smaller particles by substances called enzymes. Enzymes are biological catalysts. This simply means that they are substances tha ...
幻灯片 1
... characteristic of starvation and of diabetes mellitus, leading to ketone body production by the liver (ketosis). Ketone bodies are acidic and when produced in excess over long periods, as in diabetes, cause ketoacidosis (酮酸中毒), which is ultimately fatal. Because gluconeogenesis is dependent upon fat ...
... characteristic of starvation and of diabetes mellitus, leading to ketone body production by the liver (ketosis). Ketone bodies are acidic and when produced in excess over long periods, as in diabetes, cause ketoacidosis (酮酸中毒), which is ultimately fatal. Because gluconeogenesis is dependent upon fat ...
Chapter 4 - Open Science Online
... archaeal growth due to consumption of a glucogenic diet leads to induction of glycolytic enzymes. The glycolytic enzymes are cytosolic. The glycolytic enzymes are antigenic in the neanderthalised humans. The glycolytic enzymes were suppressed in homo neanderthalis who ate ketogenic diet. This result ...
... archaeal growth due to consumption of a glucogenic diet leads to induction of glycolytic enzymes. The glycolytic enzymes are cytosolic. The glycolytic enzymes are antigenic in the neanderthalised humans. The glycolytic enzymes were suppressed in homo neanderthalis who ate ketogenic diet. This result ...
The Calvin Cycle
... •Requires ATP and NADPH (reducing power) •Requires 9 ATP and 6 NADPH (which are regenerated by light reactions) ...
... •Requires ATP and NADPH (reducing power) •Requires 9 ATP and 6 NADPH (which are regenerated by light reactions) ...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).Glycolysis is a determined sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The intermediates provide entry points to glycolysis. For example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form fat.Glycolysis is an oxygen independent metabolic pathway, meaning that it does not use molecular oxygen (i.e. atmospheric oxygen) for any of its reactions. However the products of glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH + H+) are sometimes disposed of using atmospheric oxygen. When molecular oxygen is used in the disposal of the products of glycolysis the process is usually referred to as aerobic, whereas if the disposal uses no oxygen the process is said to be anaerobic. Thus, glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient metabolic pathways. Indeed, the reactions that constitute glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, occur metal-catalyzed under the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes. Glycolysis could thus have originated from chemical constraints of the prebiotic world.Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways. However, the discussion here will be limited to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.The entire glycolysis pathway can be separated into two phases: The Preparatory Phase – in which ATP is consumed and is hence also known as the investment phase The Pay Off Phase – in which ATP is produced.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑