mRNA
... • Most eukaryotic genes and their RNA transcripts have long noncoding stretches of nucleotides that lie between coding regions • These noncoding regions are called intervening sequences, or introns • The other regions are called exons because they are eventually expressed, usually translated into am ...
... • Most eukaryotic genes and their RNA transcripts have long noncoding stretches of nucleotides that lie between coding regions • These noncoding regions are called intervening sequences, or introns • The other regions are called exons because they are eventually expressed, usually translated into am ...
Protein Structure:
... domains are found in different proteins which perform similar functions. The exposed surface of the protein may also be involved in interactions with other molecules, including proteins. Protein-protein interactions, for example between sub-units of enzyme complexes or polymeric structural proteins, ...
... domains are found in different proteins which perform similar functions. The exposed surface of the protein may also be involved in interactions with other molecules, including proteins. Protein-protein interactions, for example between sub-units of enzyme complexes or polymeric structural proteins, ...
PPT File
... mRNA carries the codons to the ribosome. A tRNA that has a complementary codon binds to the mRNA by base pairing. The tRNA carries on its other end an amino acid that corresponds to the codon. As each tRNA binds to the mRNA, the amino acids bond together to form polypeptide chains. ...
... mRNA carries the codons to the ribosome. A tRNA that has a complementary codon binds to the mRNA by base pairing. The tRNA carries on its other end an amino acid that corresponds to the codon. As each tRNA binds to the mRNA, the amino acids bond together to form polypeptide chains. ...
Enzyme Induction
... – lacI is NOT physically part of the operon, but is located somewhere else in the ...
... – lacI is NOT physically part of the operon, but is located somewhere else in the ...
Macromolecules - Lisle CUSD 202
... monomers are linked together to form polymers dehydration synthesis (condensation) broken apart via hydrolysis ...
... monomers are linked together to form polymers dehydration synthesis (condensation) broken apart via hydrolysis ...
BIO 311C Introductory Biology Student Learning Outcomes
... A. State an overview of cellular respiration in terms of the overall redox changes and energy-‐coupled reactions that occur. B. Summarize the cellular locations, net inputs and outputs, and key steps of ...
... A. State an overview of cellular respiration in terms of the overall redox changes and energy-‐coupled reactions that occur. B. Summarize the cellular locations, net inputs and outputs, and key steps of ...
Graph Drawing
... #Tokens in a place denote the expression level Transitions are the various modi of the gene (inhibited, activated, basal, etc.) ...
... #Tokens in a place denote the expression level Transitions are the various modi of the gene (inhibited, activated, basal, etc.) ...
word - marric
... through the small nuclear pores. This then goes to the cytoplasm to continue on to protein processing. DNA does not leave the cell nucleus, but messenger RNA (mRNA), complementary to DNA is transcribed to carry encoded information from DNA to the ribosomes (rRNA and protein) (transcription) in the c ...
... through the small nuclear pores. This then goes to the cytoplasm to continue on to protein processing. DNA does not leave the cell nucleus, but messenger RNA (mRNA), complementary to DNA is transcribed to carry encoded information from DNA to the ribosomes (rRNA and protein) (transcription) in the c ...
A central problem in bioinformatics
... Nucleotide sequence databanks contain 16 x 109 bases The full three-dimensional coordinates of proteins of average length ~400 residues: 16000 entries Not only are the individual databanks large, but their sizes are increasing as a very high rate. ...
... Nucleotide sequence databanks contain 16 x 109 bases The full three-dimensional coordinates of proteins of average length ~400 residues: 16000 entries Not only are the individual databanks large, but their sizes are increasing as a very high rate. ...
CH 17_ From Gene to Protein
... • Two populations of ribosomes are evident in cells: free ribsomes (in the cytosol) and bound ribosomes (attached to the ER) • Free ribosomes mostly synthesize proteins that function in the cytosol • Bound ribosomes make proteins of the endomembrane system and proteins that are secreted from the cel ...
... • Two populations of ribosomes are evident in cells: free ribsomes (in the cytosol) and bound ribosomes (attached to the ER) • Free ribosomes mostly synthesize proteins that function in the cytosol • Bound ribosomes make proteins of the endomembrane system and proteins that are secreted from the cel ...
Assembling the nuclear receptor genesets
... in the DGAP expression data and protein-protein interaction network. The sizes of the three genesets were 35, 32, and 49, respectively. Assembling the IS-HD gene set Because type 2 diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance, the insulin signaling pathway is a natural candidate for testing for a ...
... in the DGAP expression data and protein-protein interaction network. The sizes of the three genesets were 35, 32, and 49, respectively. Assembling the IS-HD gene set Because type 2 diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance, the insulin signaling pathway is a natural candidate for testing for a ...
1. What is a gene?
... Bacterial cells isolated from nature often contain small DNA elements that are not essential for the basic operation of the bacterial cell. These elements are called plasmids. Plasmids are symbiotic molecules that cannot survive at all outside of cells. Even though plasmids are not part of the basic ...
... Bacterial cells isolated from nature often contain small DNA elements that are not essential for the basic operation of the bacterial cell. These elements are called plasmids. Plasmids are symbiotic molecules that cannot survive at all outside of cells. Even though plasmids are not part of the basic ...
Leukaemia Section del(11)(q23q23) MLL/ARHGEF12 Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology
... domain: methyltransferase; methylates H3, including histones in the HOX area for allowing chromatin to be open to transcription. MLL is cleaved by taspase 1 into 2 proteins before entering the nucleus: a p300/320 Nterm protein called MLL-N, and a p180 C-term protein, called MLL-C. The FYRN and a FRY ...
... domain: methyltransferase; methylates H3, including histones in the HOX area for allowing chromatin to be open to transcription. MLL is cleaved by taspase 1 into 2 proteins before entering the nucleus: a p300/320 Nterm protein called MLL-N, and a p180 C-term protein, called MLL-C. The FYRN and a FRY ...
Single-choice questions: (34 points) l. Enzymes are biological
... They consist of separate polypeptide chains (subunits). ...
... They consist of separate polypeptide chains (subunits). ...
Gene regulation - Napa Valley College
... Coordinately Controlled Genes in Eukaryotes Unlike the genes of a prokaryotic operon, each of the co-expressed eukaryotic genes has a promoter and control elements These genes can be scattered over different chromosomes, but each has the same combination of control elements Copies of the activ ...
... Coordinately Controlled Genes in Eukaryotes Unlike the genes of a prokaryotic operon, each of the co-expressed eukaryotic genes has a promoter and control elements These genes can be scattered over different chromosomes, but each has the same combination of control elements Copies of the activ ...
Languages of a Cell and the History of the
... the third language of a cell. Combining amino acids to form a long chain creates proteins. This language uses completely different characters (20 different amino acids – you can show a table of amino acids) than DNA or RNA (nucleotides). For this reason it is more like Japanese than English or Spani ...
... the third language of a cell. Combining amino acids to form a long chain creates proteins. This language uses completely different characters (20 different amino acids – you can show a table of amino acids) than DNA or RNA (nucleotides). For this reason it is more like Japanese than English or Spani ...
Chapter 1_summary notes
... Atom: the smallest particle of an element Molecule: smallest particle of a compound (or element) Isotope: atoms of an element that have extra neutrons. Emit radiation. Matter has mass and takes up space; it consists of particles called atoms. Each atom has a nucleus containing protons (+) and neutro ...
... Atom: the smallest particle of an element Molecule: smallest particle of a compound (or element) Isotope: atoms of an element that have extra neutrons. Emit radiation. Matter has mass and takes up space; it consists of particles called atoms. Each atom has a nucleus containing protons (+) and neutro ...
Biotechnology
... Environmental cleanup: Scientists engineer metabolic capabilities into microorganisms, which are then used to treat environmental problems, such as removing heavy metals from toxic mining sites. ...
... Environmental cleanup: Scientists engineer metabolic capabilities into microorganisms, which are then used to treat environmental problems, such as removing heavy metals from toxic mining sites. ...
Chapter 21 - Cengage Learning
... molecule are complementary. The three hydrogen bonds between the two molecules hold cytosine and guanine together. Adenine and thymine molecules on complementary DNA strands are also held together by hydrogen bonds. Two hydrogen bonds form between adenine and thymine molecules. 17. There is evidence ...
... molecule are complementary. The three hydrogen bonds between the two molecules hold cytosine and guanine together. Adenine and thymine molecules on complementary DNA strands are also held together by hydrogen bonds. Two hydrogen bonds form between adenine and thymine molecules. 17. There is evidence ...
Central Dogma Review Sheet
... identify the leading and lagging strands. Be able to explain what Okazaki fragments are. Transcription 7. Be able to explain why DNA is temporarily copied into mRNA, and not used directly. 8. Know the role of RNA polymerase in transcription. Be able to define the promoter and terminator regions. 9. ...
... identify the leading and lagging strands. Be able to explain what Okazaki fragments are. Transcription 7. Be able to explain why DNA is temporarily copied into mRNA, and not used directly. 8. Know the role of RNA polymerase in transcription. Be able to define the promoter and terminator regions. 9. ...
Nucleotides - Mrs Miller's Blog | Science Revision
... Explain why the MRNA strand produced in the nucleus is complementary to the template strand, and a copy of the coding strand complementary RNA nucleotides are lined up against each base on the template strand, producing a complementary strand. As base pairing rules apply, this lining up will be the ...
... Explain why the MRNA strand produced in the nucleus is complementary to the template strand, and a copy of the coding strand complementary RNA nucleotides are lined up against each base on the template strand, producing a complementary strand. As base pairing rules apply, this lining up will be the ...
Gene expression
Gene expression is the process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product. These products are often proteins, but in non-protein coding genes such as transfer RNA (tRNA) or small nuclear RNA (snRNA) genes, the product is a functional RNA.The process of gene expression is used by all known life - eukaryotes (including multicellular organisms), prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea), and utilized by viruses - to generate the macromolecular machinery for life.Several steps in the gene expression process may be modulated, including the transcription, RNA splicing, translation, and post-translational modification of a protein. Gene regulation gives the cell control over structure and function, and is the basis for cellular differentiation, morphogenesis and the versatility and adaptability of any organism. Gene regulation may also serve as a substrate for evolutionary change, since control of the timing, location, and amount of gene expression can have a profound effect on the functions (actions) of the gene in a cell or in a multicellular organism.In genetics, gene expression is the most fundamental level at which the genotype gives rise to the phenotype, i.e. observable trait. The genetic code stored in DNA is ""interpreted"" by gene expression, and the properties of the expression give rise to the organism's phenotype. Such phenotypes are often expressed by the synthesis of proteins that control the organism's shape, or that act as enzymes catalysing specific metabolic pathways characterising the organism.