Gene regulation in physiological stress
... provides the means for selected translation of stress-responsive proteins under conditions where global translation is strongly suppressed. For example, this is how the alpha subunit of the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1a) can be translated under low oxygen conditions [10]. Similar methods using ...
... provides the means for selected translation of stress-responsive proteins under conditions where global translation is strongly suppressed. For example, this is how the alpha subunit of the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1a) can be translated under low oxygen conditions [10]. Similar methods using ...
Organic Molecules
... • Contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen • Carbohydrate names end in the suffix “-ose” – glucose, maltose, amylose, fructose, sucrose • The monomer of carbohydrates is the monosaccharide (one sugar) of which there are a number of types – glucose is the most biologically important • Carbon:Hydrogen:Oxy ...
... • Contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen • Carbohydrate names end in the suffix “-ose” – glucose, maltose, amylose, fructose, sucrose • The monomer of carbohydrates is the monosaccharide (one sugar) of which there are a number of types – glucose is the most biologically important • Carbon:Hydrogen:Oxy ...
Supplementary Figure Legends (doc 34K)
... Fig. S3. FN levels were not altered in Tgm2-/- MEFs. (A) Immunofluorescence staining for FN in Tgm2+/+ and Tgm2-/- MEFs on day 0 and day 3. No major change was observed in FN matrix levels. Scale bar equals 200µm. (B) Quantification of FN in deoxycholate (DOC)soluble and DOC-insoluble fractions afte ...
... Fig. S3. FN levels were not altered in Tgm2-/- MEFs. (A) Immunofluorescence staining for FN in Tgm2+/+ and Tgm2-/- MEFs on day 0 and day 3. No major change was observed in FN matrix levels. Scale bar equals 200µm. (B) Quantification of FN in deoxycholate (DOC)soluble and DOC-insoluble fractions afte ...
6. protein folding
... secondary, tertiary and quaternary protein structures • Heat and organic compounds disrupt H-bonding and ...
... secondary, tertiary and quaternary protein structures • Heat and organic compounds disrupt H-bonding and ...
Student Misconceptions
... molecules are accurate. However, organic molecules are less static than students imagine. Conveniently drawn as linear, monosaccharides usually form rings in aqueous solutions. There may be considerable rotation around single bonds within organic molecules, unless their structure is stabilized by in ...
... molecules are accurate. However, organic molecules are less static than students imagine. Conveniently drawn as linear, monosaccharides usually form rings in aqueous solutions. There may be considerable rotation around single bonds within organic molecules, unless their structure is stabilized by in ...
Export To Word
... How does the base sequence of the RNA transcript compare with the sequence on the template strand? (It is complementary.) What happens to the double-stranded DNA as the RNA polymerase moves from left to right? (The DNA unwinds to expose more of the gene.) How much of the DNA strand is copied during ...
... How does the base sequence of the RNA transcript compare with the sequence on the template strand? (It is complementary.) What happens to the double-stranded DNA as the RNA polymerase moves from left to right? (The DNA unwinds to expose more of the gene.) How much of the DNA strand is copied during ...
Chapter 4
... increase if each one had multiple shapes • Proteins usually have only one useful conformation because otherwise it would not be efficient use of the energy available to the system • Natural selection has eliminated proteins that do not perform a specific function in the cell ...
... increase if each one had multiple shapes • Proteins usually have only one useful conformation because otherwise it would not be efficient use of the energy available to the system • Natural selection has eliminated proteins that do not perform a specific function in the cell ...
influence of macromolecular crowding on protein stability
... Following the synthesis by the ribosome, to carry out its biological function, a protein much fold into a single, well defined conformational state: the native state. Protein folding is thus the physico-chemical process by which a polypeptidic chain undergoes a structural change from an ensemble of ...
... Following the synthesis by the ribosome, to carry out its biological function, a protein much fold into a single, well defined conformational state: the native state. Protein folding is thus the physico-chemical process by which a polypeptidic chain undergoes a structural change from an ensemble of ...
Structure Determination and Sequence Analysis - Rose
... true for surface residues; however, even side-chains within the protein interior may be able to move relatively freely. The backbone also has some degree of flexibility. Most proteins “breathe”: the structure transiently unfolds slightly and then refolds. This allows ligands to enter buried active s ...
... true for surface residues; however, even side-chains within the protein interior may be able to move relatively freely. The backbone also has some degree of flexibility. Most proteins “breathe”: the structure transiently unfolds slightly and then refolds. This allows ligands to enter buried active s ...
The bond in the bacteriophage 4x174 gene A protein
... results indicate that the reaction of the gene A and A* proteins with these oligonucleotides involves the Iysis of the phosphodiester bond between position 7 (G) and 8 (A), creating a 3 ‘-OH at one end and a tyrosyl-5 ’ -phosphate ester bond at the other end. This type of phosphodiester bond cleavag ...
... results indicate that the reaction of the gene A and A* proteins with these oligonucleotides involves the Iysis of the phosphodiester bond between position 7 (G) and 8 (A), creating a 3 ‘-OH at one end and a tyrosyl-5 ’ -phosphate ester bond at the other end. This type of phosphodiester bond cleavag ...
Gene Expression Analysis by SAGE and MPSS
... ditag is the AE site, allowing the scientist and the computer to recognize where one ends and the next begins. •The concatemers are sequenced, and the tags are matched up with the gene that they uniquely represent. By counting the number of times each tag appears, the relative expression levels can ...
... ditag is the AE site, allowing the scientist and the computer to recognize where one ends and the next begins. •The concatemers are sequenced, and the tags are matched up with the gene that they uniquely represent. By counting the number of times each tag appears, the relative expression levels can ...
Protein Chemistry
... repeating structure is called a random coil. - no specific repeatable pattern ...
... repeating structure is called a random coil. - no specific repeatable pattern ...
Protein Separation and Purification
... Affinity Chromatography: Separates molecules based on specific interactions between the protein of interest and the column matrix E.g. Antibodies which bind Protein Enzyme which binds a co-enzyme or inhibitor A ligand is covalently bound to a solid matrix (usually agarose) which is then packed into ...
... Affinity Chromatography: Separates molecules based on specific interactions between the protein of interest and the column matrix E.g. Antibodies which bind Protein Enzyme which binds a co-enzyme or inhibitor A ligand is covalently bound to a solid matrix (usually agarose) which is then packed into ...
Amyloid precursor
... Following the -secretase pathway, APP is clipped between amino acids 612 and 613, or between the 16th and 17th amino acids with regards to the A protein. A full-length version of A is not formed. The -secretase pathway clips APP between amino acids 596 and 597 and is followed by a presenilin-1 r ...
... Following the -secretase pathway, APP is clipped between amino acids 612 and 613, or between the 16th and 17th amino acids with regards to the A protein. A full-length version of A is not formed. The -secretase pathway clips APP between amino acids 596 and 597 and is followed by a presenilin-1 r ...
Modeling Transcription and Translation
... Students will discuss their initial responses with a table partner, then make a final response as group. Students will be given a chance to revise or leave answers. The teacher will discuss and reveal the correct answers for the APK activities with the class. The teacher will provide feedback to stu ...
... Students will discuss their initial responses with a table partner, then make a final response as group. Students will be given a chance to revise or leave answers. The teacher will discuss and reveal the correct answers for the APK activities with the class. The teacher will provide feedback to stu ...
The Body`s Essential Building Blocks, Article by Gloria Gilbère, N.D.
... of protein in the muscles, skin, bones, hair, heart, teeth, blood, brain, skin and billions of biochemical activities. Apart from water, the most abundant substance in the body is contained in the amino acid group; the matrix into which these substances are incorporated is protein. The brain is made ...
... of protein in the muscles, skin, bones, hair, heart, teeth, blood, brain, skin and billions of biochemical activities. Apart from water, the most abundant substance in the body is contained in the amino acid group; the matrix into which these substances are incorporated is protein. The brain is made ...
Book Reviews - Cancer Research
... Two papers deal with the cytochemistry of proteins. J. F. Danielli describes the use of chromogenic reagents along with specific blocking reagents, and B. P. Kauf man, H. Gay, and M. R. McDonald ...
... Two papers deal with the cytochemistry of proteins. J. F. Danielli describes the use of chromogenic reagents along with specific blocking reagents, and B. P. Kauf man, H. Gay, and M. R. McDonald ...
cell cycle
... Cell membrane (separates the internal environment of cell from external environment). a. Phospholipid bilayer (selectively permeable; amphipathic) b. Fluid mosaic model (in motion; proteins, cholesterol, glycoproteins and glycolipids among phospholipids). Membrane is hydrophilic on inside and outsid ...
... Cell membrane (separates the internal environment of cell from external environment). a. Phospholipid bilayer (selectively permeable; amphipathic) b. Fluid mosaic model (in motion; proteins, cholesterol, glycoproteins and glycolipids among phospholipids). Membrane is hydrophilic on inside and outsid ...
viral networks
... http://www.dnatube.com/video/993/Plasmid• Only need the sequenced genome (or sequence of Cloning interest) • Scalable, its possible to screen for interactions among many proteins creating a more high-throughput screen (ex. viral genome) • Protein/polypeptides can be from various sources; eukaryotes, ...
... http://www.dnatube.com/video/993/Plasmid• Only need the sequenced genome (or sequence of Cloning interest) • Scalable, its possible to screen for interactions among many proteins creating a more high-throughput screen (ex. viral genome) • Protein/polypeptides can be from various sources; eukaryotes, ...
Part 4
... • In a β-pleated sheet, polypeptide chains are held together side by side by hydrogen bonds that form between oxygen atoms of the carbonyl group in one section of the polypeptide chain, and the hydrogen atom in the N-H groups of the amide bond in a nearby section of the polypeptide chain. • The hydr ...
... • In a β-pleated sheet, polypeptide chains are held together side by side by hydrogen bonds that form between oxygen atoms of the carbonyl group in one section of the polypeptide chain, and the hydrogen atom in the N-H groups of the amide bond in a nearby section of the polypeptide chain. • The hydr ...
Proteins - Many Structures, Many Functions
... bind to some other molecule. – For example, antibodies bind to particular foreign substances that fit their binding sites. – Enzyme recognize and bind to specific substrates, facilitating a chemical reaction. – Neurotransmitters pass signals from one cell to another by binding to receptor sites on p ...
... bind to some other molecule. – For example, antibodies bind to particular foreign substances that fit their binding sites. – Enzyme recognize and bind to specific substrates, facilitating a chemical reaction. – Neurotransmitters pass signals from one cell to another by binding to receptor sites on p ...
Gene prediction
... Some codons are more common than others. Exons are usually shorter than introns. The translated region begins with a start signal and ends with a stop codon. • 5’ splice sites (exon to intron) are usually GT; • 3’ splice sites (intron to exon) are usually AG. • The distribution of nucleotides and di ...
... Some codons are more common than others. Exons are usually shorter than introns. The translated region begins with a start signal and ends with a stop codon. • 5’ splice sites (exon to intron) are usually GT; • 3’ splice sites (intron to exon) are usually AG. • The distribution of nucleotides and di ...
Gene expression
Gene expression is the process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product. These products are often proteins, but in non-protein coding genes such as transfer RNA (tRNA) or small nuclear RNA (snRNA) genes, the product is a functional RNA.The process of gene expression is used by all known life - eukaryotes (including multicellular organisms), prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea), and utilized by viruses - to generate the macromolecular machinery for life.Several steps in the gene expression process may be modulated, including the transcription, RNA splicing, translation, and post-translational modification of a protein. Gene regulation gives the cell control over structure and function, and is the basis for cellular differentiation, morphogenesis and the versatility and adaptability of any organism. Gene regulation may also serve as a substrate for evolutionary change, since control of the timing, location, and amount of gene expression can have a profound effect on the functions (actions) of the gene in a cell or in a multicellular organism.In genetics, gene expression is the most fundamental level at which the genotype gives rise to the phenotype, i.e. observable trait. The genetic code stored in DNA is ""interpreted"" by gene expression, and the properties of the expression give rise to the organism's phenotype. Such phenotypes are often expressed by the synthesis of proteins that control the organism's shape, or that act as enzymes catalysing specific metabolic pathways characterising the organism.