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C. Sample Multiple Choice Questions
C. Sample Multiple Choice Questions

... 4. Which of the following statements best expresses the concept of punctuated equilibrium? a. Small variations gradually accumulate in evolving lineages over periods of millions of years. b. Random mating ensures that the proportions of genotypes in a population remain unchanged from generation to g ...
Charles Darwin Research Paper Darwin wasn`t the most scientific
Charles Darwin Research Paper Darwin wasn`t the most scientific

... The theory Natural selection is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype. It is a key mechanism of evolution, the change in heritable traits of a population over time. The term "natural selection" was popularized by Charles Darwin who compared it with ...
Natural Selection and Evolution
Natural Selection and Evolution

... Ch. 17 - Patterns of Evolution  Mass Extinctions – opens ecological niches for survivors that often results in a burst of evolution that produced an abundance of new species  Punctuated Equilibrium – long stable periods interrupted by brief periods of more rapid change  Divergent Evolution – a si ...
evolution terms
evolution terms

... Divergent evolution: the pattern of evolution in which species that once were similar to an ancestral species diverge, or become increasingly distinct. Gene pool: all of the alleles of one population’s genes congregated in a pool. Genetic drift: the alteration of allelic frequencies by chance events ...
Adaptive Radiation
Adaptive Radiation

... The role an organism plays within a community Includes feeding, habitat, competitors, enemies etc Darwin’s finches - Galapagos Islands, 1831 - found many different species - large variety of beak size & shape - occupied many different niches (lack of competitors) - speciation lead to sub-populations ...
Evolution
Evolution

... Evolution  The basic idea behind the theory of evolution is that all the different species have evolved over millions of years from simple ...
Chapter 15 The Theory of Evolution
Chapter 15 The Theory of Evolution

... survive, reproduce, and pass their variations to the next generation. •Traits are only favorable at that time and ...
Evolution Review Define the following terms: Adaptation Convergent
Evolution Review Define the following terms: Adaptation Convergent

... 1. What is a gene pool? How do gene pools change over long periods of time? 2. Compare how Darwin and Lamarck would have explained the long neck of a giraffe? 3. What is a selection pressure? What are some factors in an organism’s environment that could act as selection agents? 4. Why is the fossil ...
Chapter 15 study guide
Chapter 15 study guide

...  Fossil record ...
The Nature of Zoology
The Nature of Zoology

... Voyage of the H.M.S. Beagle ...
Theory of Evolution Notes
Theory of Evolution Notes

... Individuals __________________________ for limited ________________________________: o Food, water, space, mates Natural selection occurs through “______________________________________________________.” o Fitness: the ability to _____________________ and _________________________. ...
Descent With Modification
Descent With Modification

... are more fit, thus they leave behind more offspring than those who are less fit. ...
Review for Evolution Test - Phillips Scientific Methods
Review for Evolution Test - Phillips Scientific Methods

... Why can an endangered species “get their numbers back”, but still be vulnerable to extinction? What are the 3 types of natural selection? Know examples and interpret graphs. What is the final result of changes in gene pool alleles? A new species cannot form unless there is? Define species. What are ...
Name: ______ AP Biology Comprehension Check Enduring
Name: ______ AP Biology Comprehension Check Enduring

... Give some examples of times in Earth’s history (or present day) when extinction rates were/are rapid. ...
Evolution and the Fossil Record
Evolution and the Fossil Record

... Speciation, cont’d • Allopatric speciation: produced by geographic isolation of populations. • Natural selection causes an isolated population to adapt to its local environment. • Given enough time, and no outside interbreeding, a new species will evolve. ...
Evolution
Evolution

... Darwin also hypothesized that in order for organisms to survive they must be well suited to their environment. He termed this theory the: – Survival of the Fittest: Individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully. ...
Evolution of Biodiversity
Evolution of Biodiversity

... http://www.macalester.edu/~montgomery/GrayWolfExtra.html ...
Darwin`s Theory Notes: History After Darwin returned to England in
Darwin`s Theory Notes: History After Darwin returned to England in

... Darwin theorized that __________ ____________ is found naturally in ______ populations. __________ ____ _______________ means that members of each _______ must ______ for food, space, and other ________. This means some organisms in a _________ are _____ ________ to survive. _____________ ____ _____ ...
AP Biology FRQ 18
AP Biology FRQ 18

... Free Response Question #18 ...
Homologous Structures Vestigial Structures Co
Homologous Structures Vestigial Structures Co

... each other’s evolution • Ex: Acacia ants and acacia trees ...
The fossil record
The fossil record

... Why do species go extinct? ...
Lec2 Descent with mo..
Lec2 Descent with mo..

... Aristotle’s non-evolutionary concepts, including immutability of species and “Scala Naturae” that were incorporated in Christian Theology and remained the principal model of biological thought for 2000 years – until the 18th century ...
Evolution Theory
Evolution Theory

... • Individuals that are poorly adapted to their environment are less likely to survive and reproduce than those that are well adapted. Similarly, it is possible that a species that is poorly adapted to its environment will not survive and will become extinct. – changes to the environment, such as a c ...
Natural Selection and Evolution notes
Natural Selection and Evolution notes

... evolved different traits to meet survival needs of each island (ex: beak size, coloration, wing span, etc.) *He proposed the idea of Natural Selection NATURAL SELECTION—a mechanism for change in a population -Occurs when organisms in a population with favorable variations survive, reproduce and pass ...
Evidence of Evolution
Evidence of Evolution

... (i.e., that all living organisms descended from a common ancestor) ...
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Punctuated equilibrium



Punctuated equilibrium (also called punctuated equilibria) is a theory in evolutionary biology which proposes that once species appear in the fossil record they will become stable, showing little net evolutionary change for most of their geological history. This state is called stasis. When significant evolutionary change occurs, the theory proposes that it is generally restricted to rare and geologically rapid events of branching speciation called cladogenesis. Cladogenesis is the process by which a species splits into two distinct species, rather than one species gradually transforming into another. Punctuated equilibrium is commonly contrasted against phyletic gradualism, the belief that evolution generally occurs uniformly and by the steady and gradual transformation of whole lineages (called anagenesis). In this view, evolution is seen as generally smooth and continuous.In 1972, paleontologists Niles Eldredge and Stephen Jay Gould published a landmark paper developing their theory and called it punctuated equilibria. Their paper built upon Ernst Mayr's model of geographic speciation, I. Michael Lerner's theories of developmental and genetic homeostasis, as well as their own empirical research. Eldredge and Gould proposed that the degree of gradualism commonly attributed to Charles Darwin is virtually nonexistent in the fossil record, and that stasis dominates the history of most fossil species.
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