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Generation of ATP during Cytochrome-linked
... of HOQNO the percentage reduction of cytochrome b in the aerobic steady state was 34% and the steady state was prolonged to 120 s. Addition of fumarate resulted in a steady state of 46% reduction of cytochrome b. Experiments with limiting amounts of fumarate could not be done because of high fumaras ...
... of HOQNO the percentage reduction of cytochrome b in the aerobic steady state was 34% and the steady state was prolonged to 120 s. Addition of fumarate resulted in a steady state of 46% reduction of cytochrome b. Experiments with limiting amounts of fumarate could not be done because of high fumaras ...
PAS kinase is required for normal cellular energy
... Previously, PASK was shown to be required for the induction of preproinsulin promoter activity by high glucose concentrations in cultured Min-6 -cells (16). To examine GSIS in PASK⫺/⫺ mice, we measured plasma insulin levels before and after an intraperitoneal glucose injection. As shown in Fig. 1A, ...
... Previously, PASK was shown to be required for the induction of preproinsulin promoter activity by high glucose concentrations in cultured Min-6 -cells (16). To examine GSIS in PASK⫺/⫺ mice, we measured plasma insulin levels before and after an intraperitoneal glucose injection. As shown in Fig. 1A, ...
Fructose: Metabolic, Hedonic, and Societal
... people with diabetes because of its inability to raise serum glucose levels and its insulin-independent metabolism, many (21-28), although certainly not all (29), investigators have elaborated fructose’s unique hepatic properties and have indirectly implicated fructose in the dual epidemics of obesi ...
... people with diabetes because of its inability to raise serum glucose levels and its insulin-independent metabolism, many (21-28), although certainly not all (29), investigators have elaborated fructose’s unique hepatic properties and have indirectly implicated fructose in the dual epidemics of obesi ...
for students of the Faculty of Medicine
... Amino acids are among the best-known components of living organisms. They are derived from organic acids, in which a hydrogen atom most often located near the α-carbon is substituted by the amino group. Some amino acids have two amino groups located at different carbon atoms, a few contain two or ev ...
... Amino acids are among the best-known components of living organisms. They are derived from organic acids, in which a hydrogen atom most often located near the α-carbon is substituted by the amino group. Some amino acids have two amino groups located at different carbon atoms, a few contain two or ev ...
Differences in postingestive metabolism of glutamate and glycine
... (28, 35). However, blood Glu may increase under artificial experimental conditions, when large amounts of concentrated water solutions of Glu are administered to the digestive tract. Ingested Gly is metabolized by the intestine to a lesser degree compared with Glu (46). It is used for intestinal pro ...
... (28, 35). However, blood Glu may increase under artificial experimental conditions, when large amounts of concentrated water solutions of Glu are administered to the digestive tract. Ingested Gly is metabolized by the intestine to a lesser degree compared with Glu (46). It is used for intestinal pro ...
Differences in postingestive metabolism of glutamate and glycine
... (28, 35). However, blood Glu may increase under artificial experimental conditions, when large amounts of concentrated water solutions of Glu are administered to the digestive tract. Ingested Gly is metabolized by the intestine to a lesser degree compared with Glu (46). It is used for intestinal pro ...
... (28, 35). However, blood Glu may increase under artificial experimental conditions, when large amounts of concentrated water solutions of Glu are administered to the digestive tract. Ingested Gly is metabolized by the intestine to a lesser degree compared with Glu (46). It is used for intestinal pro ...
De novo production of resveratrol from glucose or
... food and cosmetic industries. Resveratrol is sold as over-thecounter nutritional supplement; it is included in some cosmetics products, energy drinks, and other products. The demand for resveratrol is expected to further increase in the future. The commercial resveratrol on the market is predominant ...
... food and cosmetic industries. Resveratrol is sold as over-thecounter nutritional supplement; it is included in some cosmetics products, energy drinks, and other products. The demand for resveratrol is expected to further increase in the future. The commercial resveratrol on the market is predominant ...
2 H
... Fermentation is a partial degradation of sugars that occurs without O2 Aerobic respiration consumes organic molecules and O2 and yields ATP Anaerobic respiration is similar to aerobic respiration but consumes compounds other than O2 ...
... Fermentation is a partial degradation of sugars that occurs without O2 Aerobic respiration consumes organic molecules and O2 and yields ATP Anaerobic respiration is similar to aerobic respiration but consumes compounds other than O2 ...
Glucose-6-Phosphate Fluorometric Assay Kit
... glucose-6-phosphate (G6P, D-glucose-6-phosphate, Robison ester). G6P has three principal intracellular fates.1 It can: 1) enter glycolysis via phosphoglucose isomerase to provide cellular energy or carbon skeletons for biosynthesis; 2) be converted into glucose-1-phosphate by phosphoglucomutase, the ...
... glucose-6-phosphate (G6P, D-glucose-6-phosphate, Robison ester). G6P has three principal intracellular fates.1 It can: 1) enter glycolysis via phosphoglucose isomerase to provide cellular energy or carbon skeletons for biosynthesis; 2) be converted into glucose-1-phosphate by phosphoglucomutase, the ...
Use to make Test Corrections (Answer in complete sentence +10 pts
... c. The accumulation of lactate in the muscle tissue due to anaerobic respiration. d. There is not sufficient information to determine which answer is correct. e. The lack of oxygen to accept hydrogen. ____ 48. If yeasts are grown under anaerobic conditions, pyruvate is converted first to __________ ...
... c. The accumulation of lactate in the muscle tissue due to anaerobic respiration. d. There is not sufficient information to determine which answer is correct. e. The lack of oxygen to accept hydrogen. ____ 48. If yeasts are grown under anaerobic conditions, pyruvate is converted first to __________ ...
Pyruvate - Moodle NTOU
... § Fermentation is a partial degradation of sugars that occurs without O2 § Aerobic respiration consumes organic molecules and O2 and yields ATP § Anaerobic respiration is similar to aerobic respiration but consumes compounds other than O2 ...
... § Fermentation is a partial degradation of sugars that occurs without O2 § Aerobic respiration consumes organic molecules and O2 and yields ATP § Anaerobic respiration is similar to aerobic respiration but consumes compounds other than O2 ...
REGULATION OF KETONE BODY AND COENZYME A
... acids and have 4 carbons (C4-ketone bodies). When ketone bodies are derived from odd-chain fatty acids, they have 5 carbons (C5-ketone bodies, which are described in section 1.5). 1.1.2 Ketogenesis is stimulated by fasting, stress and diabetes Ketone body production is stimulated by fasting, stress ...
... acids and have 4 carbons (C4-ketone bodies). When ketone bodies are derived from odd-chain fatty acids, they have 5 carbons (C5-ketone bodies, which are described in section 1.5). 1.1.2 Ketogenesis is stimulated by fasting, stress and diabetes Ketone body production is stimulated by fasting, stress ...
The KIebsieIIa pneumoniae cytochrome bd
... and nitrogen-free Davis and Mingioli medium (NFDM medium) (Cannon, 1984), supplemented when required with histidine (at 25 pgml-l) and NH,C1(15 mM). Where indicated, plates were incubated anaerobically in a Gas Pak system (Becton Dickinson). Antibiotics for E. coli and for K . pnuemoniae were added ...
... and nitrogen-free Davis and Mingioli medium (NFDM medium) (Cannon, 1984), supplemented when required with histidine (at 25 pgml-l) and NH,C1(15 mM). Where indicated, plates were incubated anaerobically in a Gas Pak system (Becton Dickinson). Antibiotics for E. coli and for K . pnuemoniae were added ...
Energy Metabolism Regulating Mammalian Oocyte
... & Gardner, 1999; Purcell & Moley, 2009, Brinster, 1971), possibly due to having limited amount of a glycolytic enzyme phosphofructokinase (Cetica et al., 2002). Thus, most mammalian species appear to rely on cumulus cells that contain an additional GLUT with high affinity to this substrate and high ...
... & Gardner, 1999; Purcell & Moley, 2009, Brinster, 1971), possibly due to having limited amount of a glycolytic enzyme phosphofructokinase (Cetica et al., 2002). Thus, most mammalian species appear to rely on cumulus cells that contain an additional GLUT with high affinity to this substrate and high ...
Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical
... A) has been reduced as a result of a redox reaction involving the loss of an inorganic phosphate. B) has a decreased chemical reactivity; it is less likely to provide energy for cellular work. C) has been oxidized as a result of a redox reaction involving the gain of an inorganic phosphate. D) has a ...
... A) has been reduced as a result of a redox reaction involving the loss of an inorganic phosphate. B) has a decreased chemical reactivity; it is less likely to provide energy for cellular work. C) has been oxidized as a result of a redox reaction involving the gain of an inorganic phosphate. D) has a ...
Biochemistry –Second year, Coll
... metabolized TG; the fatty acids and glycerol. The fatty acids formed in adipocytes are either reuesd again in adipocytes(intraadipocytes) for the synthesis of new molecules of TG(lipogenesis) as the two pathways of liogenesis and lipolysis are in dynamic state. The other fate of fatty acids is their ...
... metabolized TG; the fatty acids and glycerol. The fatty acids formed in adipocytes are either reuesd again in adipocytes(intraadipocytes) for the synthesis of new molecules of TG(lipogenesis) as the two pathways of liogenesis and lipolysis are in dynamic state. The other fate of fatty acids is their ...
2 Pyruvate
... In that case, glycolysis couples with fermentation or anaerobic respiration to produce ATP ...
... In that case, glycolysis couples with fermentation or anaerobic respiration to produce ATP ...
Energy coupling in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
... selected examples in S. cerevisiae. This discussion will be focused on four selected reaction steps that occur in many industrially relevant product pathways that use glucose or other sugars as carbon and energy source: Uptake and phosphorylation of sugars, Stoichiometries of oxidative phosphorylati ...
... selected examples in S. cerevisiae. This discussion will be focused on four selected reaction steps that occur in many industrially relevant product pathways that use glucose or other sugars as carbon and energy source: Uptake and phosphorylation of sugars, Stoichiometries of oxidative phosphorylati ...
Sports Nutrition Manual
... liver glycogen, in contrast to muscle glycogen, is primarily used for brain function as well as for aerobic activities. When the liver stores are full, and there is still a considerable amount of excess insulin-carried glucose in the bloodstream, it will be taken off and stored as fat in adipose tis ...
... liver glycogen, in contrast to muscle glycogen, is primarily used for brain function as well as for aerobic activities. When the liver stores are full, and there is still a considerable amount of excess insulin-carried glucose in the bloodstream, it will be taken off and stored as fat in adipose tis ...
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) PHCL 442
... Compensatory insulin doses • Usually for each 30-50 mg/dl elevation above the target level 1-2 units of supplemental insulin is required • To be more accurate must determine the supplemental dose of insulin by using the sensitivity factor • Sensitivity factor is determined by using the 1500 or 1800 ...
... Compensatory insulin doses • Usually for each 30-50 mg/dl elevation above the target level 1-2 units of supplemental insulin is required • To be more accurate must determine the supplemental dose of insulin by using the sensitivity factor • Sensitivity factor is determined by using the 1500 or 1800 ...
Campbell`s Biology, 9e (Reece et al.) Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration
... 8) Which of the following statements describes NAD+? A) NAD+ is reduced to NADH during glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and the citric acid cycle. B) NAD+ has more chemical energy than NADH. C) NAD+ is oxidized by the action of hydrogenases. D) NAD+ can donate electrons for use in oxidative phosphor ...
... 8) Which of the following statements describes NAD+? A) NAD+ is reduced to NADH during glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and the citric acid cycle. B) NAD+ has more chemical energy than NADH. C) NAD+ is oxidized by the action of hydrogenases. D) NAD+ can donate electrons for use in oxidative phosphor ...
Score A_c5_17022012
... Describe glycolysis, link reaction & Krebs cycle Describe ETC and chemiosmosis Explain how active cells derive 38 ATPs Explain complete oxidation of 1 molecule of glucose Describe alcoholic and lactate fermentation ...
... Describe glycolysis, link reaction & Krebs cycle Describe ETC and chemiosmosis Explain how active cells derive 38 ATPs Explain complete oxidation of 1 molecule of glucose Describe alcoholic and lactate fermentation ...
Inhibition of Carbonic Anhydrase Results in Blood Lactate
... lactate level in STZ induced diabetic rats when compared with normal control is therefore consistent with previous studies. Published studies have provided mixed results regarding the potential of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors to modulate blood glucose levels. Previously Acetazolamide and Ethoxyzola ...
... lactate level in STZ induced diabetic rats when compared with normal control is therefore consistent with previous studies. Published studies have provided mixed results regarding the potential of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors to modulate blood glucose levels. Previously Acetazolamide and Ethoxyzola ...
Natural Carbon Isotope Abundance of Plasma
... Background: ‘You are what you eat’ is an accurate summary for humans and animals when it comes to carbon isotope abundance. In biological material, natural13C/12C ratio is subject to minute variations due to diet composition (mainly from ingestion of C3 and C4 metabolism plants) and to the discrimin ...
... Background: ‘You are what you eat’ is an accurate summary for humans and animals when it comes to carbon isotope abundance. In biological material, natural13C/12C ratio is subject to minute variations due to diet composition (mainly from ingestion of C3 and C4 metabolism plants) and to the discrimin ...
Glucose
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Alpha-D-glucopyranose-2D-skeletal.png?width=300)
Glucose is a sugar with the molecular formula C6H12O6. The name ""glucose"" (/ˈɡluːkoʊs/) comes from the Greek word γλευκος, meaning ""sweet wine, must"". The suffix ""-ose"" is a chemical classifier, denoting a carbohydrate. It is also known as dextrose or grape sugar. With 6 carbon atoms, it is classed as a hexose, a sub-category of monosaccharides. α-D-glucose is one of the 16 aldose stereoisomers. The D-isomer (D-glucose) occurs widely in nature, but the L-isomer (L-glucose) does not. Glucose is made during photosynthesis from water and carbon dioxide, using energy from sunlight. The reverse of the photosynthesis reaction, which releases this energy, is a very important source of power for cellular respiration. Glucose is stored as a polymer, in plants as starch and in animals as glycogen.