Metabolism of lactate and sugars by dairy propionibacteria: A
... cycle, but can not grow under normal atmospheric oxygen pressure. The proportions of propionate acetate and CO2 produced vary depending on the strain used and this can be explained, to sorne extent, by their relative ability to utilise pyruvate via reactions of the citrate cycle. The physicochemical ...
... cycle, but can not grow under normal atmospheric oxygen pressure. The proportions of propionate acetate and CO2 produced vary depending on the strain used and this can be explained, to sorne extent, by their relative ability to utilise pyruvate via reactions of the citrate cycle. The physicochemical ...
Chapter 23 Slides
... The mechanism (Figure 23.4) is typical of biotin! Regulation: when ATP or acetyl-CoA are high, pyruvate enters gluconeogenesis Note the "conversion problem" in mitochondria Copyright © 1999 by Harcourt Brace & Company ...
... The mechanism (Figure 23.4) is typical of biotin! Regulation: when ATP or acetyl-CoA are high, pyruvate enters gluconeogenesis Note the "conversion problem" in mitochondria Copyright © 1999 by Harcourt Brace & Company ...
Fructose Intake from Sugar-Sweetened Beverages
... Emma Carran (candidate) conducted this study under the supervision of Dr. Bernard Venn and PhD Candidate Mr Andrew Reynolds as part of completing a Master of Dietetics. Dr. Bernard Venn was responsible for instigating the research topic, gaining ethical approval, registering the study, conceiving th ...
... Emma Carran (candidate) conducted this study under the supervision of Dr. Bernard Venn and PhD Candidate Mr Andrew Reynolds as part of completing a Master of Dietetics. Dr. Bernard Venn was responsible for instigating the research topic, gaining ethical approval, registering the study, conceiving th ...
Beta-Cell Function and Failure in Type 1 Diabetes
... Glucose is an essential energy source for all cells. Therefore, maintaining glucose levels within a normal range is essential for life in vertebrates. Glucose homeostasis in the organism is tightly regulated by insulin, a hormone that acts on the major glucose metabolic tissues such as muscle, liver ...
... Glucose is an essential energy source for all cells. Therefore, maintaining glucose levels within a normal range is essential for life in vertebrates. Glucose homeostasis in the organism is tightly regulated by insulin, a hormone that acts on the major glucose metabolic tissues such as muscle, liver ...
Suitable and unsuitable micro-organisms
... organisms can differ physiologically and therefore may not give expected results. Where possible, fungi that produce large numbers of air-borne spores should be handled before sporulation occurs, so that the spread of spores into the air and possible risks of allergy or the triggering of asthmatic a ...
... organisms can differ physiologically and therefore may not give expected results. Where possible, fungi that produce large numbers of air-borne spores should be handled before sporulation occurs, so that the spread of spores into the air and possible risks of allergy or the triggering of asthmatic a ...
PRODUCTION OF PYRUVATE AND LACTATE BY
... Pyruvic acid and lactic acid are two of the most widely used organic acids in the food, chemical, and pharmaceutical industries (Li et al. 2001, Wasewar et al. 2004, Narayanan et al. 2004). Pyruvic acid, also known as 2-oxopropanoic acid, α-ketopropionic acid or acetylformic acid, is one of the most ...
... Pyruvic acid and lactic acid are two of the most widely used organic acids in the food, chemical, and pharmaceutical industries (Li et al. 2001, Wasewar et al. 2004, Narayanan et al. 2004). Pyruvic acid, also known as 2-oxopropanoic acid, α-ketopropionic acid or acetylformic acid, is one of the most ...
Quantitative flux analysis reveals folate
... on the observed steady-state growth rate, biomass composition, and metabolite uptake and excretion rates of immortalized baby mouse kidney cells (iBMK-parental cells)13, without enforcing any constraints on NADPH production routes. The model, assessed via flux balance analysis with an objective of m ...
... on the observed steady-state growth rate, biomass composition, and metabolite uptake and excretion rates of immortalized baby mouse kidney cells (iBMK-parental cells)13, without enforcing any constraints on NADPH production routes. The model, assessed via flux balance analysis with an objective of m ...
Safe micro organisms to use PDF
... results. Where possible, fungi that produce large numbers of air-borne spores should be handled before sporulation occurs, so that the spread of spores into the air and possible risks of allergy or the triggering of asthmatic attacks are minimised. This is particularly important for some species, su ...
... results. Where possible, fungi that produce large numbers of air-borne spores should be handled before sporulation occurs, so that the spread of spores into the air and possible risks of allergy or the triggering of asthmatic attacks are minimised. This is particularly important for some species, su ...
Ecstasy-induced toxicity in rat liver
... in lipid peroxidation and hepatic GSH content were observed. In contrast, multiple MDMA administration produced some evidence of oxidative stress, namely, increased MDA content and decreased GSH content, a small decrease in liver glycogen at 3 h recovering 6 h post dose. no effect on blood glucose a ...
... in lipid peroxidation and hepatic GSH content were observed. In contrast, multiple MDMA administration produced some evidence of oxidative stress, namely, increased MDA content and decreased GSH content, a small decrease in liver glycogen at 3 h recovering 6 h post dose. no effect on blood glucose a ...
Biology: Concepts and Connections, 6e (Campbell)
... C) often have "kinks" in their tails caused by the presence of a double bond between carbons. D) remain fluid because they are tightly packed against one another. E) form impermeable layers for cells . Answer: C الكولسترول المرتبط بأغشية الخاليا الحيوانية ...
... C) often have "kinks" in their tails caused by the presence of a double bond between carbons. D) remain fluid because they are tightly packed against one another. E) form impermeable layers for cells . Answer: C الكولسترول المرتبط بأغشية الخاليا الحيوانية ...
Lactate - University of Iowa Health Care
... connection between lactate and ROS? The role of lactate could be pro-oxidant, antioxidant, or both. Rehncrona et. al. showed that lactic acidosis has a pro-oxidant effect in brain homogenates [3]. Lovlin observed a significant relationship between plasma lactate concentration and lipid peroxidation ...
... connection between lactate and ROS? The role of lactate could be pro-oxidant, antioxidant, or both. Rehncrona et. al. showed that lactic acidosis has a pro-oxidant effect in brain homogenates [3]. Lovlin observed a significant relationship between plasma lactate concentration and lipid peroxidation ...
IMPLICATION OF LONG-CHAIN FATTY ACIDS IN GLUCOSE-INDUCED INSULIN SECRETION IN THE PANCREATIC -CELL
... dramatically. It is estimated to affect 4% of the world’s population, with the number of diabetics increasing by 4-5% per year 1 . The statistics are alarming: the global figure of people with diabetes is set to rise from about 118 million in 1995 to 220 million in 2010 and 300 million in 2025 2 . D ...
... dramatically. It is estimated to affect 4% of the world’s population, with the number of diabetics increasing by 4-5% per year 1 . The statistics are alarming: the global figure of people with diabetes is set to rise from about 118 million in 1995 to 220 million in 2010 and 300 million in 2025 2 . D ...
Regulation of Translation by Essential Amino Acids and Glucose in
... synthesis and to increase N efficiency; however, it is often suggested that when protein yield fails to rise in response to increased energy, it is due to an insufficient supply of EAA to meet the increased demands of a greater protein yield. The rate of protein synthesis at the tissue level is regu ...
... synthesis and to increase N efficiency; however, it is often suggested that when protein yield fails to rise in response to increased energy, it is due to an insufficient supply of EAA to meet the increased demands of a greater protein yield. The rate of protein synthesis at the tissue level is regu ...
Lactate as a Metabolite and a Regulator in the Central Nervous
... phosphorylation, and hence TCA cycle, causes an increase of lactate production. In order to limit cell acidification, both lactate and protons then exit cells. By the end of the fifties, it was clear that hypoglycaemia, by limiting the supply to the brain of its preferred metabolic substrate (i.e., ...
... phosphorylation, and hence TCA cycle, causes an increase of lactate production. In order to limit cell acidification, both lactate and protons then exit cells. By the end of the fifties, it was clear that hypoglycaemia, by limiting the supply to the brain of its preferred metabolic substrate (i.e., ...
Mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation alterations in heart failure
... fatty acid oxidation, glucose oxidation, glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle in the production of ATP. A number of factors regulate fatty acid oxidation including malonyl CoA and the glucose/fatty acid cycle. Malonyl CoA regulates fatty acid oxidation by inhibiting the first protein involved ...
... fatty acid oxidation, glucose oxidation, glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle in the production of ATP. A number of factors regulate fatty acid oxidation including malonyl CoA and the glucose/fatty acid cycle. Malonyl CoA regulates fatty acid oxidation by inhibiting the first protein involved ...
Regulation of the phosphotransferase system (PTS)
... of amino acids. It co-metabolizes most substrates, such as glucose and sucrose. The uptake and concomitant phosphorylation of those two substrates is mediated by the phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)-dependent phosphotransferase system (PTS), consisting of the common proteins HPr and EI, and an array of sub ...
... of amino acids. It co-metabolizes most substrates, such as glucose and sucrose. The uptake and concomitant phosphorylation of those two substrates is mediated by the phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)-dependent phosphotransferase system (PTS), consisting of the common proteins HPr and EI, and an array of sub ...
the role of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase in glucose and ketone
... knockout (KO), PDK4 KO, and PDK2/PDK4 double knockout (DKO) mice were generated. PDK2 deficiency caused higher PDC activity and lower blood glucose levels in the fed state while PDK4 deficiency caused similar effects in the fasting state. DKO intensified these effects in both states. PDK2 deficiency ...
... knockout (KO), PDK4 KO, and PDK2/PDK4 double knockout (DKO) mice were generated. PDK2 deficiency caused higher PDC activity and lower blood glucose levels in the fed state while PDK4 deficiency caused similar effects in the fasting state. DKO intensified these effects in both states. PDK2 deficiency ...
Global transcriptional control by glucose and
... overcome the drastic changes in environment that they encounter during infection. Consequently, the regulation of the virulence genes is an important step of the pathogenicity process. In C. difficile, toxin production increases as cells enter into stationary phase and is modulated in response to dif ...
... overcome the drastic changes in environment that they encounter during infection. Consequently, the regulation of the virulence genes is an important step of the pathogenicity process. In C. difficile, toxin production increases as cells enter into stationary phase and is modulated in response to dif ...
Honey - A Novel Antidiabetic Agent
... antidiabetic effect of honey are proposed. The paper also highlights the potential impacts and future perspectives on the use of honey as an antidiabetic agent. It makes recommendations for further clinical studies on the potential antidiabetic effect of honey. This review provides insight on the po ...
... antidiabetic effect of honey are proposed. The paper also highlights the potential impacts and future perspectives on the use of honey as an antidiabetic agent. It makes recommendations for further clinical studies on the potential antidiabetic effect of honey. This review provides insight on the po ...
Engineering Cytosolic Acetyl-CoA Metabolism in
... In connection with biobased chemical production, it is necessary to engineer the metabolism of cell factories such that the raw material, typically sugars, can be efficiently converted to the product of interest. Although IMI076 could grow on glucose, it was still inefficient at conversion of pyruva ...
... In connection with biobased chemical production, it is necessary to engineer the metabolism of cell factories such that the raw material, typically sugars, can be efficiently converted to the product of interest. Although IMI076 could grow on glucose, it was still inefficient at conversion of pyruva ...
Enzymes at work
... Enzymes in this class catalyze the transfer of groups of atoms from one molecule to another or from one position in a molecule to other positions in the same molecule. Common types are acyltransferases and glycosyltransferases. CGTase (cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase) is one such enzyme type, which ...
... Enzymes in this class catalyze the transfer of groups of atoms from one molecule to another or from one position in a molecule to other positions in the same molecule. Common types are acyltransferases and glycosyltransferases. CGTase (cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase) is one such enzyme type, which ...
EFFECTS OF INSULIN DEFICIENCY ON EXERCISE
... Insulin is a hormone that plays an important role in the regulation of the metabolism of all the main nutrients. Its main function is to stimulate glucose uptake and disposal or utilization by the cells and thus to decrease blood glucose concentration. However, it also inhibits breakdown of proteins ...
... Insulin is a hormone that plays an important role in the regulation of the metabolism of all the main nutrients. Its main function is to stimulate glucose uptake and disposal or utilization by the cells and thus to decrease blood glucose concentration. However, it also inhibits breakdown of proteins ...
The Biochemistry of Malic Acid Metabolism by Wine Yeasts
... malate synthase in the glyoxalate cycle provides a mechanism for the combination of two C2 molecules (glyoxalate and acetylCoA) to form a C4 molecule (Fraenkel, 1982). The TCA cycle functions primarily in mitochondria where it allows for the complete degradation of pyruvate produced during glycolysi ...
... malate synthase in the glyoxalate cycle provides a mechanism for the combination of two C2 molecules (glyoxalate and acetylCoA) to form a C4 molecule (Fraenkel, 1982). The TCA cycle functions primarily in mitochondria where it allows for the complete degradation of pyruvate produced during glycolysi ...
Glucose
Glucose is a sugar with the molecular formula C6H12O6. The name ""glucose"" (/ˈɡluːkoʊs/) comes from the Greek word γλευκος, meaning ""sweet wine, must"". The suffix ""-ose"" is a chemical classifier, denoting a carbohydrate. It is also known as dextrose or grape sugar. With 6 carbon atoms, it is classed as a hexose, a sub-category of monosaccharides. α-D-glucose is one of the 16 aldose stereoisomers. The D-isomer (D-glucose) occurs widely in nature, but the L-isomer (L-glucose) does not. Glucose is made during photosynthesis from water and carbon dioxide, using energy from sunlight. The reverse of the photosynthesis reaction, which releases this energy, is a very important source of power for cellular respiration. Glucose is stored as a polymer, in plants as starch and in animals as glycogen.